scholarly journals Cross-sectional study of medical advertisements in a national general medical journal: evidence, cost, and safe use of advertised versus comparative drugs

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kim Boesen ◽  
Anders Lykkemark Simonsen ◽  
Karsten Juhl Jørgensen ◽  
Peter C. Gøtzsche
Keyword(s):  
Medical Association ◽  
Prescription Drugs ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Defined Daily Dose ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Daily Dose ◽  
Post Marketing ◽  
Added Benefit ◽  
Comparator Drug

Abstract Background Healthcare professionals are exposed to advertisements for prescription drugs in medical journals. Such advertisements may increase prescriptions of new drugs at the expense of older treatments even when they have no added benefits, are more harmful, and are more expensive. The publication of medical advertisements therefore raises ethical questions related to editorial integrity. Methods We conducted a descriptive cross-sectional study of all medical advertisements published in the Journal of the Danish Medical Association in 2015. Drugs advertised 6 times or more were compared with older comparators: (1) comparative evidence of added benefit; (2) Defined Daily Dose cost; (3) regulatory safety announcements; and (4) completed and ongoing post-marketing studies 3 years after advertising. Results We found 158 medical advertisements for 35 prescription drugs published in 24 issues during 2015, with a median of 7 advertisements per issue (range 0 to 11). Four drug groups and 5 single drugs were advertised 6 times or more, for a total of 10 indications, and we made 14 comparisons with older treatments. We found: (1) ‘no added benefit’ in 4 (29%) of 14 comparisons, ‘uncertain benefits’ in 7 (50%), and ‘no evidence’ in 3 (21%) comparisons. In no comparison did we find evidence of ‘substantial added benefit’ for the new drug; (2) advertised drugs were 2 to 196 times (median 6) more expensive per Defined Daily Dose; (3) 11 safety announcements for five advertised drugs were issued compared to one announcement for one comparator drug; (4) 20 post-marketing studies (7 completed, 13 ongoing) were requested for the advertised drugs versus 10 studies (4 completed, 6 ongoing) for the comparator drugs, and 7 studies (2 completed, 5 ongoing) assessed both an advertised and a comparator drug at 3 year follow-up. Conclusions and relevance In this cross-sectional study of medical advertisements published in the Journal of the Danish Medical Association during 2015, the most advertised drugs did not have documented substantial added benefits over older treatments, whereas they were substantially more expensive. From January 2021, the Journal of the Danish Medical Association no longer publishes medical advertisements.

scholarly journals National Antibiotic Consumption for Human Use in Sierra Leone (2017–2019): A Cross-Sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 77
Author(s):  
Joseph Sam Kanu ◽  
Mohammed Khogali ◽  
Katrina Hann ◽  
Wenjing Tao ◽  
Shuwary Barlatt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sierra Leone ◽  
Antibiotic Consumption ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Defined Daily Dose ◽  
Oral Antibiotics ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Beta Lactam ◽  
Total Consumption ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Procaine Penicillin

Monitoring antibiotic consumption is crucial to tackling antimicrobial resistance. However, currently there is no system in Sierra Leone for recording and reporting on antibiotic consumption. We therefore conducted a cross-sectional study to assess national antibiotic consumption expressed as defined daily dose (DDD) per 1000 inhabitants per day using all registered and imported antibiotics (categorized under the subgroup J01 under the anatomical and therapeutic classification (ATC) system) as a proxy. Between 2017–2019, total cumulative consumption of antibiotics was 19 DDD per 1000 inhabitants per day. The vast majority consisted of oral antibiotics (98.4%), while parenteral antibiotics made up 1.6%. According to therapeutic/pharmacological subgroups (ATC level 3), beta-lactam/penicillins, quinolones, and other antibacterials (mainly oral metronidazole) comprised 65% of total consumption. According to WHO Access, Watch, and Reserve (AWaRe), 65% of antibiotics consumed were Access, 31% were Watch, and no Reserve antibiotics were reported. The top ten oral antibiotics represented 97% of total oral antibiotics consumed, with metronidazole (35%) and ciprofloxacin (15%) together constituting half of the total. Of parenteral antibiotics consumed, procaine penicillin (32%) and ceftriaxone (19%) together comprised half of the total. Policy recommendations at global and national levels have been made to improve monitoring of antibiotic consumption and antibiotic stewardship.

scholarly journals Prescribed Daily Dose (PDD) Antibiotik Untuk Penyakit Gigi di Salah Satu Apotek di Surabaya

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 20-23
Author(s):  
Ilil Maidatuz Zulfa ◽  
Fitria Dewi Yunitasari
Keyword(s):  
Clavulanic Acid ◽  
Bacterial Resistance ◽  
Periodontal Diseases ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Prescribing Patterns ◽  
Defined Daily Dose ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hygiene Measures ◽  
Daily Dose ◽  
Dental Infections

ABSTRAKAntibiotik sistemik banyak diresepkan oleh dokter gigi baik sebagai profilaksis maupun penanganan infeksi. Tingginya peresepan antibiotik pada infeksi gigi dan periodontal akan berpotensi pada peningkatan resistensi bakteri karena penggunaan yang berlebihan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menginvestigasi pola peresepan, Prescribed Daily Dose (PDD) dan rasio PDD/DDD yang ditetapkan WHO setiap antibiotik yang diresepkan untuk penyakit gigi. Studi cross-sectional retrospektif dilakukan pada rekam resep tahun 2016 di salah satu Apotek di Surabaya. Sebanyak 136 resep untuk penyakit gigi telah dianalisis dalam penelitian ini. Rata-rata usia pasien adalah 38,92+12,96 tahun. Antibiotik yang paling banyak diresepkan adalah Golongan –Laktam yaitu Amoksisilin (50,72%) dan Amoksisilin+Asam Klavulanat (3,62%) diikuti oleh golongan Linkosamid yaitu Klindamisin (28,99%) dan Linkomisin (5,80%), serta golongan Nitroimidazol yaituMetronidazol (5,07%). PDD Antibiotik yang diresepkan lebih rendah dibanding DDD yang ditetapkan WHO kecuali Amoksisilin (1509,2 mg/pasien/hari; rasio PDD/DDD 1,59), Amoksisilin+Asam Klavulanat (1368,42 mg/pasien/hari; rasio PDD/DDD 1,37), Eritromisin (1500,00 mg/pasien/hari; rasio PDD/DDD 1,50), dan Levofloksasin (500,00 mg/pasien/hari; rasio PDD/DDD 1,00). Terdapat perbedaan antara nilai PDD beberapa antibiotik dengan nilai DDD yang ditetapkan WHO dimana dalam penelitian ini nilai PDD lebih merefleksikan densitas penggunaan antibiotik.Kata kunci: Prescribed Daily Dose (PDD), Antibiotik, Infeksi gigi.ABSTRACTSistemic Antibiotics are prescribed by dentists not only for treatment of infection but also for profilactics. Most of dental and periodontal diseases are best treated by operative intervention and oral hygiene measures, so that the use of sistemic antibiotics are very limited. High rates of sistemic antibiotics prescribing in densitry can lead to bacterial resistance due to overuse of antibiotics. The aim of the study was to investigate the antibiotics prescribing patterns in densitry, Prescribed Daily Dose (PDD), and PDD/WHO’s Defined Daily Dose (DDD) ratio. A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted on 2016 prescription records at a private pharmacy in Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia. A total 136 prescription records were analyzed. The average age of patients was 38,92+12,96 years old. The most common antibiotics prescribed in densitry was –Lactam group which were Amoxycillin (50,72%) and Amoxycillin+Clavulanic Acid (3,62%) followed by Linkosamide group w Clindamycin (28,99%) and Lincomycin (5,80%), and Nitroimidazol group which was Metronidazole (5,07%). The PDD of Antibiotics prescribed was lower than each WHO’s DDD except Amoxycillin (1509,2mg/patient/day; PDD/DDD ratio 1,59), Amoxycillin+Clavulanic Acid (1368,42 mg/patient/day; PDD/DDD ratio 1,37), Eritromisin (1500,00 mg/patient/day; PDD/DDD ratio 1,50), dan Levofloksasin (500,00 mg/patient/day; PDD/DDD ratio 1,00). There was a difference between PDD and WHO’s DDD. PDD was more likely reflect the density of antibiotic usage. Key Words: Prescribed Daily Dose (PDD), Antibiotics, Dental Infections

What drives intentional overdose with non-prescription drugs? A cross-sectional study

2018 ◽  
Vol 76 (5) ◽  
pp. 348-354
Author(s):  
K.A. Al Kubaisi ◽  
M.D. SteCroix ◽  
D. Vinson ◽  
M.N. Hassan ◽  
M.R. Baig ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prescription Drugs ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional

scholarly journals Post-marketing research and its outcome for novel anticancer agents approved by both the FDA and EMA between 2005 and 2010: A cross-sectional study

2017 ◽  
Vol 142 (2) ◽  
pp. 414-423 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-David Zeitoun ◽  
Gabriel Baron ◽  
Alexandre Vivot ◽  
Ignacio Atal ◽  
Nicholas S Downing ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anticancer Agents ◽  
Marketing Research ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Post Marketing

scholarly journals Cannabis as a substitute for prescription drugs – a cross-sectional study

2017 ◽  
Vol Volume 10 ◽  
pp. 989-998 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jamie Corroon ◽  
Laurie Mischley ◽  
Michelle Sexton
Keyword(s):  
Prescription Drugs ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional

scholarly journals Under pressure: non-medical use of prescription drugs among undergraduate students

2020 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-30
Author(s):  
Lauro Miranda Demenech ◽  
Samuel C. Dumith ◽  
Alessandro S. Dytz ◽  
Fernanda Fontes ◽  
Lucas Neiva-Silva
Keyword(s):  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Prescription Drugs ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Sampling Strategy ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Health Sciences ◽  
Systematic Sampling ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Harmful Effects

ABSTRACT Objective To measure lifetime, last-year and last-month prevalence of Non-Medical Use of Prescription Drugs (NMUPD) as well as the characteristics associated to last-month NMUPD among undergraduate students of a university in southern Brazil. Methods This was a cross-sectional study, with a sample that was selected through a clustered systematic sampling strategy. Multivariate analysis was conducted with Poisson regression according to a four-level hierarchical model of analysis. Fieldwork was conducted in 2015, and 1,423 students participated. Results Lifetime, last-year and last-month prevalence of NMUPD were 25.2%, 13.1% and 8.5%, respectively. Anxiolytics and barbiturates were the most prevalent. Variables independently associated were being female, having a family income lower than one or higher than six Brazilian minimum wages, being enrolled in a health sciences-related undergraduate course, and having reported lifetime NMUPD by a friend. Conclusions Based on these results, we suggest the development of prevention and promotion activities on this theme for students and professors, especially among those from health sciences-related courses. These interventions should focus on harmful effects of NMUPD, psychosocial coping strategies and socially established gender roles.

Health anxiety and the non-medical use of prescription drugs in young adults: A cross-sectional study

2015 ◽  
Vol 50 ◽  
pp. 74-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy J. Jeffers ◽  
Eric G. Benotsch ◽  
Brooke A. Green ◽  
Dana Bannerman ◽  
Miriam Darby ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Prescription Drugs ◽  
Health Anxiety ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional
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