Factors Associated with Mortality among Elderly People in the COVID-19 Pandemic (SARS-CoV-2): A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

The objective of this meta-analysis was to evaluate the factors associated with the mortality of elderly Italians diagnosed with coronavirus who resided in institutions or who were hospitalized because of the disease. Methods: A systematic review following the recommendations of The Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) was carried out, utilizing the PEO strategy, i.e., Population, Exposure and Outcome. In this case, the population was the elderly aged over 65 years old, the exposure referred to the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic and the outcome was mortality. The National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI/PubMed), Latin American and Caribbean Literature in Health Sciences (LILACS), Excerpta Medica Database (EMBASE) and Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) databases were used until 31 July 2020. Results: Five Italian studies were included in this meta-analysis, with the number of elderly people included varying between 18 and 1591 patients. The main morbidities presented by the elderly in the studies were dementia, diabetes, chronic kidney disease and hypertension. Conclusions: The factors associated with the mortality of elderly Italian people diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2 who lived in institutions or who were hospitalized because of the disease were evaluated. It was found that dementia, diabetes, chronic kidney disease and hypertension were the main diagnosed diseases for mortality in elderly people with COVID-19.

Relationship between timed online exposure and musculoskeletal health during COVID pandemic in allied health science students

Background: Musculoskeletal issues have persistently growing for students of allied health sciences with the online classes during the coronavirus disease (COVID) pandemic. To find out the relationship between timed online exposure and musculoskeletal health of allied health sciences students even though having mere basic knowledge about the cause and its prevention.Methods: Students who attended online classes in allied health science colleges were given with online questionnaire and those who volunteered to participate were included. The standardized Nordic questionnaire was used with a demographic section and no of hour’s exposure to online classes.Results: The Nordic questionnaire for cervical spine and upper extremity in 7 days exposure was found to be significant statistically and the positive response for pain was 66.3%.Conclusions: Musculoskeletal problems increased with the increase in time in front of computers /mobile phones for long hours for their classes. Further initial exposure itself causes it.

A Systematic Literature Review of The Importance of Sustainable Business Strategy

This study undertakes a systematic review of the literature concerning the importance of a sustainable business strategy for any business. While systematic reviews are a vital source of information and are widely utilized in the health sciences, they are seldom employed in sustainability research. Systematic reviews are a type of scientific research that aims to integrate the results of empirical studies objectively and systematically to determine the status of the question in its field of study. This study provides a brief survey of literature reviews in sustainability in business and proposes a systematic review as a method of recovering, analyzing, evaluating, and appraising relevant literature on sustainability in business. This systematic review of the literature suggests that interest in sustainable business practices has increased in recent years. It discusses the subject of sustainability in the perspective of business.

Association between Interleukin-1β Gene Polymorphism and Chronic Periodontitis

Objectives Periodontitis is a pathological condition of the oral cavity, originating from multiple factors, including microbial, environmental and genetic factors. The vulnerability to several pathologies has been studied with the relationship to genetic polymorphisms, and one of the most prominent is the single nucleotide polymorphisms throughout the genome. The study aimed to find out the association of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of interleukin-1β +3954 gene with chronic periodontitis (CP) in Pakistan Materials and Methods This case–control study was conducted at Dow University of Health Sciences. DNA was extracted from the blood and amplified by using conventional polymerase chain reaction of respective genes followed by sequencing. Mann–Whitney test accessed the difference of clinical parameters between cases and controls, and Fisher’s exact test was applied to access the association of alleles between subjects. Data entered and analyzed using SPSS 21. Results Significant differences were observed in clinical parameters in cases and controls (p < 0.001). In the IL-1β +3954 gene, T alleles were significantly higher in cases as compared with controls (p < 0.001). Genotype CC was significantly dominant in the controls and genotype CT and TT in patients (Chi-square = 19.83, p < 0.001). Conclusion Within the study’s limits, IL-1β +3954 gene polymorphism is associated with periodontitis and is expected to be among the several causes of respective pathology in Pakistan’s population.

Effect of sleep quality on educational performance of paramedic students of Prince Sultan Military College of Health Sciences (PSMCHS) in the Eastern Province of Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA)

Increasing students’ academic stress especially during exams may result in sleep disorders, fatigue, poor academic performance and low functional efficiency. The aim of this research is to investigate the effect of sleep quality on educational performance of paramedic students. This research depends on a cross-sectional observational study. The samples of the study were 150 individual who will be chosen randomly from Saudi PSMCHS-Dhahran paramedic students. Data related to demographic aspects, work-related information was gathered from the samples of the study. Finally, the data of the study was analyzed through SPSS program. Four sleep scales were adopted for the study like Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS) and Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (KPDS). The level of education like diploma and bachelor had a significant relation between the ESS and FSS. Bridging level of education has relation with KPDS. Marital status and BMI were significant with ISI and KPDS respectively. Physiological distress and excessive day time sleepiness were significant with ISI, FSS and KPDS.It can be stated that sleep quality of paramedic students is affected with high ratio by the educational performance. This is because the high stress of work regarding paramedic students leads them to have less amount of sleep quality and then this affects their educational performance.

Attitudes of Polish Medical and Health Sciences Students towards Persons with Physical Disabilities Using the MAS-PL Scale

Discovering the role of negative attitudes in the social functioning of people with disabilities, tools were developed to measure these attitudes, of which the Multidimensional Attitude Scale of People with Disabilities (MAS) is a good one. It is particularly important to study the attitudes of people who are professionally involved in meeting the needs of people with disabilities. The aim of this study was to determine the attitudes towards people with physical disabilities among medical and health sciences students regarding gender, year of study, field of study, and place of residence. The study was conducted among 625 students in Poland with the use of the MAS-PL scale. The results obtained indicate that women display more positive attitudes towards people with disabilities than men in the cognition and behavioural domains. In the emotional domain, these attitudes were more negative than in the other domains and almost identical for both genders. The year of study, field of study, and place of residence did not differentiate students in terms of their MAS score. Since the sociodemographic variables studied do not determine a positive attitude, educational interventions to increase contact with people with disabilities should be undertaken in future research, and this factor should be investigated as an element of attitude modulation.

Microbiological and Clinicoepidemiological Profile of a Series of Patients with Infective Endocarditis at a Center in Eastern Nepal

Background. The microbiological and clinicoepidemiological profile of infective endocarditis (IE) has undergone significant change over time. The pattern of IE studied at local level provides broader vision in understanding the current scenario of this disease. This study aimed to depict the overall picture of IE and its changing profile by evaluating the microbiological and clinicoepidemiological features in the context of a tertiary care center of eastern Nepal. Methods. The descriptive study was conducted from September 2017 to August 2018 among IE patients presenting to B. P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Nepal. Detailed history and clinical manifestations of patients were noted. Microorganisms isolated from the blood culture were processed for identification by standard microbiological methods, and susceptibility testings were done. Each patient was assessed daily during hospital stay. Results. Ten definite and 7 possible endocarditis cases were studied. The mean age was 41.4 ± 15.85 (17–70) years with predominance of male (4.7 : 1). Rheumatic heart disease (41.1%) was the most common underlying heart disease observed followed by injection drug user endocarditis (23.5%). All the cases had native valve endocarditis. Aortic valve was the most common valve involved (35.3%) followed by mitral, tricuspid, and pulmonary valves. Blood culture positivity was 53%. Staphylococcus aureus was the major causative agent responsible for 23.5% of the cases followed by Enterococcus faecium, Enterococcus faecalis, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Mortality of 2 cases (11.8%) was associated with S. aureus and P. aeruginosa. Majority of patients developed acute kidney injury (35.3%) and congestive cardiac failure (23.5%). Conclusion. IE patients in our center exhibited differences from the west in terms of age at presentation and predisposing factors but held similarity in terms of commonly isolated microorganisms. The changing patterns of IE, etiological agents, and their antimicrobial susceptibility observed in this study may be helpful for clinicians in formulating a new empirical antibiotic treatment protocol.

Improving the safety of hospital complexes in modern conditions

Background: The article presents the results of a study of ensuring fire safety in medical and preventive institutions (LPI) on the example of the central city hospital.Objectives: Research is aimed at improving the fire safety of hospital complexes and hospitals in modern conditions.Materials and Methods: The study used the methods of system analysis of scientific research and statistical data on ensuring fire safety, methods of structural analysis of the practice of ensuring fire safety of hospital complexes, mathematical methods for calculating the evacuation of people from a building and the spread of a fire in a building, methods for calculating the economic efficiency of means of support fire safety.Results and Discussion: Based on the analysis of fire statistics in healthcare facilities in Russia, it is concluded that it is advisable to improve the fire safety of hospitals and hospital complexes in modern conditions. The point of view is expressed that along with the fact that fire safety in hospitals is observed, the analysis indicates the existing problems in the practice of implementation.Conclusion: In order to increase the level of fire safety, it is possible to introduce: a modern fire alarm system; video of control systems and monitoring of safety of objects on the territory of the medical facility; installation of automatic fire extinguishing systems in fire-hazardous premises; installation of additional emergency lighting and reflectors indicating the direction of evacuation in case of fire and smoke; carrying out organizational and practical measures to ensure the safety of patients in a medical institution in an emergency situation (ES), namely, it is proposed to develop a memo of actions for patients in the hospital complex on inpatient treatment in case of an emergency with a list in the instruction log; provision of medical facilities with individual rescue equipment and provision of hospitals and hospital complexes with highrise buildings with modern evacuation means.International Journal of Human and Health Sciences Vol. 05 No. 04 October’21 Page: 412-417