scholarly journals Genetic structure and evolutionary diversity of mating-type (MAT) loci in Hypsizygus marmoreus

IMA Fungus ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gang Wang ◽  
Yuanyuan Wang ◽  
Lianfu Chen ◽  
Hongbo Wang ◽  
Lin Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Mating Type ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Schizophyllum Commune ◽  
Edible Mushroom ◽  
Hypsizygus Marmoreus ◽  
Pheromone Receptor ◽  
Recombination Hotspots ◽  
Mating Compatibility ◽  
Genetic Structure And Diversity

AbstractThe mating compatibility in fungi is generally governed by genes located within a single or two unlinked mating type (MAT) loci. Hypsizygus marmoreus is an edible mushroom in the order Agaricales with a tetrapolar system, which contains two unlinked MAT loci-homeodomain (HD) transcription factor genes and pheromone/pheromone receptor genes (P/R). In this study, we analyzed the genetic structure and diversity of MAT loci in tetrapolar system of H. marmoreus through sequencing of 54 heterokaryon and 8 homokaryon strains. Although within the HD loci, the gene order was conserved, the gene contents were variable, and the HD loci haplotypes were further classified into four types. By analyzing the structure, phylogeny, and the HD transmissibility based on the progeny of these four HD mating-type loci types, we found that they were heritable and tightly linked at the HD loci. The P/R loci genes were found to comprise three pheromone receptors, three pheromones, and two pheromone receptor-like genes. Intra- and inter-specific phylogenetic analyses of pheromone receptors revealed that the STE3 genes were divided into three groups, and we thus theorize that they diverged before speciation. Comparative analysis of the MAT regions among 73 Basidiomycete species indicated that the diversity of HD and P/R loci in Agaricales and Boletales may contribute to mating compatibility. The number of HD genes were not correlated with the tetrapolar or bipolar systems. In H. marmoreus, the expression levels of these genes at HD and P/R loci of compatible strains were found higher than in those of homonuclear/homokaryotic strains, indicating that these mating genes acted as switches for mating processes. Further collinear analysis of HD loci in interspecific species found that HD loci contains conserved recombination hotspots showing major rearrangements in Coprinopsis cinerea and Schizophyllum commune, suggesting different mechanisms for evolution of physically linked MAT loci in these groups. It seems likely that gene rearrangements are common in Agaricales fungi around HD loci. Together, our study provides insights into the genomic basis of mating compatibility in H. marmoreus.

scholarly journals Population Genetic Structure of Tapesia acuformis in Washington State

2003 ◽  
Vol 93 (6) ◽  
pp. 650-656 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. W. Douhan ◽  
T. D. Murray ◽  
P. S. Dyer
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Mating Type ◽  
Asexual Reproduction ◽  
Permutation Test ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Random Mating ◽  
Likelihood Ratio Statistic ◽  
Washington State ◽  
Homogeneous Population ◽  
Sexual And Asexual Reproduction

Eyespot of wheat is caused by Tapesia yallundae and T. acuformis. Historically, T. yallundae has been considered the more important causal agent of the disease in Washington state and consists of a large homogeneous population with a genetic structure consistent with both sexual and asexual reproduction. T. acuformis has increased significantly in Washington in the past 10 years and apothecia were found recently under natural field conditions, indicating that T. acuformis may have a more important role in eyespot of wheat than previously was thought. To determine the genetic structure of T. acuformis in Washington, 141 single conidial isolates were sampled from four subpopulations in the eastern wheat-growing region of the state. Isolates were scored for mating type and six amplified fragment length polymorphism markers. All markers segregated in a 1:1 ratio and were determined to be unlinked based on genetic analysis of 24 progeny from an in vitro cross. No significant differences in allele frequencies (0.127 < P < 0.809) were found among individual loci across the four subpopulations and over all loci based on contingency table analysis of the log-likelihood ratio statistic G2. Likewise, no overall differences between subpopulations were detected using the population differentiation statistic θ (θ = -0.004, P = 0.537). Random mating could not be rejected within each subpopulation or for the combined data using clone-corrected data sets based on (i) 1:1 ratio of mating-type, (ii) multilocus gametic disequilibrium analyses (index of association), (iii) phylogenetic analyses (parsimony tree length permutation test), and (iv) genotypic diversity analyses. T. acuformis has a genetic structure similar to that of sympatric populations of T. yallundae in Washington, with both sexual and asexual reproduction contributing to the structuring of this species.

scholarly journals The mating-type locus B alpha 1 of Schizophyllum commune contains a pheromone receptor gene and putative pheromone genes.

1995 ◽  
Vol 14 (21) ◽  
pp. 5271-5278 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Wendland ◽  
L. J. Vaillancourt ◽  
J. Hegner ◽  
K. B. Lengeler ◽  
K. J. Laddison ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mating Type ◽  
Receptor Gene ◽  
Schizophyllum Commune ◽  
Type Locus ◽  
Pheromone Receptor ◽  
Mating Type Locus

scholarly journals Genetic Structure and Diversity of Banana Bunchy Top Virus (BBTV) in the Philippines

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jay-Vee S. Mendoza ◽  
Fe M. Dela Cueva ◽  
Cris Q. Cortaga ◽  
Anand Noel C. Manohar ◽  
Roanne R. Gardoce ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Infected Plant ◽  
Haplotype Diversity ◽  
Population Expansion ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Recent Population Expansion ◽  
Banana Bunchy Top Virus ◽  
Reference Sequences ◽  
Genetic Structure And Diversity

Banana bunchy top virus (BBTV) is an important disease of banana in the Philippines and in other banana-producing countries. This study was conducted to investigate the genetic structure and diversity of Philippine BBTV isolates which remain unexplored in the country. BBTV-infected plant tissues were sampled from banana-growing provinces (i.e., Cagayan, Isabela, Quirino, Batangas, Laguna, Rizal, Quezon, Palawan, Cebu, Leyte, and Davao del Sur) and the partial DNA-R gene of BBTV was sequenced. Analysis of all local BBTV isolates showed a nucleotide diversity (π) of 0.00721, average number of nucleotide differences (k) of 5.51984, and haplotype diversity (hd) of 0.971. Neutrality tests using Fu′s Fs and Tajima′s D showed significant and highly negative values which suggest an excess number of rare alleles due to recent population expansion or from genetic hitchhiking. Haplotype network and phylogenetic analyses revealed that the local BBTV isolates were closely related to Southeast Asian (SEA) group and exhibited a monophyletic clade with distinct haplotype grouping from other SEA sequences. However, some Indonesian and Indian reference sequences were also clustered within the Philippine BBTV group suggesting sequence homology. Results also showed that the local BBTV isolates may be categorized into three major haplotype groups (HA, HB, and HC) but only the HC group remained distinct upon comparison with other Philippine and SEA reference sequences. BBTV isolates from Quezon were the most diverse while isolates from Palawan displayed low genetic diversity indices and belonged only in the HC group. The assessment of the degree of variability among Philippine BBTV isolates will provide a reference towards the development of high-throughput BBTV detection systems as well as enable to devise plant breeding strategies to manage the current BBTV spread and variations.

Mating type control of sexual development inCoprinus cinereus

1995 ◽  
Vol 73 (S1) ◽  
pp. 266-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. A. Casselton ◽  
R. N. Asante-Owusu ◽  
A. H. Banham ◽  
C. S. Kingsnorth ◽  
U. Kües ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mating Type ◽  
Sexual Development ◽  
Schizophyllum Commune ◽  
Homeodomain Proteins ◽  
Binding Motifs ◽  
Pheromone Response Pathway ◽  
Dna Binding Motifs ◽  
Mating Compatibility ◽  
Mating Type Genes ◽  
Combinatorial Interactions

The multiallelic mating type genes of the hymenomycete fungus Coprinus cinereus determine mating compatibility by regulating a developmental sequence that converts an asexual monokaryon into a fertile dikaryon. The genes map to two loci, A and B, and mating compatibility requires different alleles of genes at both loci. The A genes encode two classes of proteins with conserved but dissimilar homeodomain DNA binding motifs (HD1 and HD2), which identify their role in development as transcriptional regulators. Transformation studies with cloned genes suggest that a compatible mating is sensed by combinatorial interactions between an HD1 and HD2 protein and that the N-terminal regions of these proteins are implicated in the specificity of this interaction. The B genes of C. cinereus have been cloned but their function is, as yet, unknown. In another species, Schizophyllum commune, the B genes encode pheromones and pheromone receptors. Although a pheromone response pathway is not apparent in cell fusion in hymenomycetes, it now seems likely to be involved in maintenance of dikaryotic growth. Key words: Coprinus, hymenomycete, mating type, homeodomain proteins, pheromones and receptors, sexual development.

Understanding introduction history: Genetic structure and diversity of the edible ectomycorrhizal fungus, Suillus luteus, in Patagonia (Argentina)

Mycologia ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
María Belén Pildain ◽  
Paula Marchelli ◽  
María Marta Azpilicueta ◽  
Cristian Starik ◽  
Carolina Barroetaveña
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Ectomycorrhizal Fungus ◽  
Suillus Luteus ◽  
Introduction History ◽  
Genetic Structure And Diversity

scholarly journals Deletion of the Schizophyllum commune Aα Locus: The Roles of Aα Y and Z Mating-Type Genes

Genetics ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 144 (4) ◽  
pp. 1437-1444
Author(s):  
C Ian Robertson ◽  
Kirk A Bartholomew ◽  
Charles P Novotny ◽  
Robert C Ullrich
Keyword(s):  
Mating Type ◽  
Sexual Development ◽  
Schizophyllum Commune ◽  
Mating Types ◽  
Developmental Pathway ◽  
Mating Type Gene ◽  
Mating Type Genes ◽  
Regulatory Loci ◽  
Type Gene

The Aα locus is one of four master regulatory loci that determine mating type and regulate sexual development in Schizophyllum commune. We have made a plasmid containing a URA1 gene disruption of the Aα Y1 gene. Y1 is the sole Aα gene in Aα1 strains. We used the plasmid construction to produce an Aα null (i.e., AαΔ) strain by replacing the genomic Y1 gene with URA1 in an Aα1 strain. To characterize the role of the Aα genes in the regulation of sexual development, we transformed various Aα Y and Z alleles into AαΔ strains and examined the acquired mating types and mating abilities of the transformants. These experiments demonstrate that the Aα Y gene is not essential for fungal viability and growth, that a solitary Z Aα mating-type gene does not itself activate development, that Aβ proteins are sufficient to activate the A developmental pathway in the absence of Aα proteins and confirm that Y and Z genes are the sole determinants of Aα mating type. The data from these experiments support and refine our model of the regulation of A-pathway events by Y and Z proteins.

scholarly journals Genetic variability in physic nuts cultivated in Northeastern Brazil

2013 ◽  
Vol 43 (6) ◽  
pp. 978-984 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vanice Dias Oliveira ◽  
Allivia Rouse Carregosa Rabbani ◽  
Ana Veruska Cruz da Silva ◽  
Ana da Silva Lédo
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Genetic Similarity ◽  
Rapd Markers ◽  
Dna Amplification ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Jaccard Coefficient ◽  
Physic Nut ◽  
Genetic Structure And Diversity

This research had as objective to characterize genetically individuals of physic nut cultivated in experimental areas in Sergipe, Brazil by means of RAPD molecular markers. Leaves of 40 individuals were collected and DNA was isolated using CTAB 2% method. Were used 30 primers RAPD for DNA amplification, and this data was used to estimate the genetic similarity among the pairs of individuals, using Jaccard coefficient, and group them out for the UPGMA method. Also, the genetic structure and diversity of the populations were assessed using AMOVA. Of the 100 fragments generated, 29 of were polymorphic. A similarity average of 0.54 among the individuals was found and the amplitude similarities varied from 0.18 to 1.00. One of them (U5) was unit clusters and formed by the most divergent individuals. AMOVA indicated that there is more variation within (63%) the population. In conclusion, it was possible verify genetic variability in physic nut using RAPD markers at these experimental areas.

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