scholarly journals Intrahepatic bile duct variation: MR cholangiography and implication in hepatobiliary surgery

2019 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mona El Hariri ◽  
Mohamed M. Riad
Keyword(s):  
Bile Duct ◽  
Hepatic Duct ◽  
Intrahepatic Bile Duct ◽  
Surgical Techniques ◽  
Transplant Proc ◽  
Hepatobiliary Surgery ◽  
Left Hepatic Duct ◽  
Mr Cholangiography ◽  
Anatomic Variants ◽  
The Right

Abstract Background The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of biliary anatomical variants using 3-T MR cholangiography (MRC) with its impact in reduction of the complication of hepatobiliary surgical techniques. Results MRC was applied to 120 subjects (24 potential liver donors and 96 volunteers) and the right posterior hepatic duct insertion was documented, and accordingly, the biliary variants were classified based on Huang classification (Huang et al, Transplant Proc 28: 1669–1670, 1996). Biliary anatomic variants were divided based on Huang classification: Huang A1, 65.83% (n = 79); Huang A2, 11.67% (n = 14); Huang A3, 13.3% (n = 16); Huang A4, 7.5% (n = 9); and Huang A5, 1.67% (n = 2). The total frequency for A2, A3, A4, and A5 was 34.17% (n = 41). The distance between RPHD insertion and the junction of right and left hepatic ducts (L) was measured, and Huang A1 cases were then subtyped into S1 subtype (L > 1 cm) and S2 subtype (L ≤ 1 cm). We had 52 subjects with subtype S1 (43.33%) and 27 subjects with subtype S2 (22.5%). Twenty-three subjects had bile duct exploration or intraoperative cholangiograms and showed Huang type A1 in 14 (60.87%), type A2 in 3 (13.05%), and type A3 in 6 (26.08%). Twenty-two (95.65%) had the same classification in MRC and intraoperative while only one case (4.35%) was considered as A2 at MRC but the intraoperative classification was Huang A3, which was attributed to the insertion of the RPHD insertion at the distal end of the left hepatic duct. Conclusion MRC is an accurate tool for biliary tract mapping before hepatobiliary surgery to provide excellent identification of biliary variants which can reduce the incidence of biliary complications.

scholarly journals Comparative Anatomical, Ultrasonographical and Radiological studies of the biliary system of Rabbits and Domestic cats in Egypt

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.T. Reem ◽  
M.A. Maher ◽  
H.E. Alaa ◽  
H.A. Farghali
Keyword(s):  
Bile Duct ◽  
Gall Bladder ◽  
Cystic Duct ◽  
Hepatic Duct ◽  
Human Model ◽  
Common Hepatic Duct ◽  
Domestic Cats ◽  
Left Hepatic Duct ◽  
Right Lobe ◽  
The Right

ABSTRACTUnder the prevailing overall Conditions of all veterinarians for the diagnosis of biliary diseases, application of surgical procedures and liver transplantation in Cats as carnivorous pet animal, and Rabbits as herbivorous pet animal and also as a human model in research. The present study was constructed on twelve native breeds of rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) and eighteen adult domestic cats (Felis catus domesticus). We concluded that, in brief; the rabbit gall bladder was relatively small, fixed by several small hepato-cystic ducts to its fossa. The rabbit bile duct was formed commonly by the junction of the left hepatic duct and the cystic duct. The cystic duct was commonly fairly large, received the right hepatic duct that collected the right lobe in its route to enter the duodenum, the bile duct receives the branch of the caudate process of the caudate lobe. The present study revealed other four anatomic variations dealing with the shape and size of the feline native breed’s gall bladder from fundic duplication, bilobed, truncated fundus and distended rounded fundus. Commonly, the bile duct was formed by the triple convergence of the left and the right hepatic ducts with the cystic duct. However, in some exceptional cases a short common hepatic duct was formed. Sonographically, the normal gall bladder in rabbit appeared small, elongated with anechoic lumen bordered by right lobe laterally and quadrate lobe medially and has no visible wall, but in cat varied in conformation, bordered by the right medial lobe laterally and the quadrate lobe medially surrounded by echogenic wall.

scholarly journals The segment IV approach: a useful method for achieving the critical view of safety during laparoscopic cholecystectomy in patients with anomalous bile duct

BMC Surgery ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuichi Fujioka ◽  
Keigo Nakashima ◽  
Hiroaki Kitamura ◽  
Yuki Takano ◽  
Takeyuki Misawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy ◽  
Bile Duct ◽  
Hepatic Duct ◽  
Left Hepatic Duct ◽  
Critical View ◽  
Critical View Of Safety ◽  
Right Border ◽  
Imaginary Line ◽  
Branching Point ◽  
The Right

Abstract Background The critical view of safety (CVS) method can be achieved by avoiding vasculo-biliary injury resulting from misidentification during laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC). Although achieving the CVS has become popular worldwide, there is no established standardized technique to achieve the CVS in patients with an anomalous bile duct (ABD). We recently reported our original approach for securing the CVS using a new landmark, the diagonal line of the segment IV of the liver (D-line). The D-line is an imaginary line that lies on the right border of the hilar plate. The cystic structure can be securely isolated along the D-line without any misidentification, regardless of the existence of an ABD. We named this approach the segment IV approach in LC. Methods In this study, we adopted the segment IV approach in patients with an ABD. Results From October 2015 to June 2020, 209 patients underwent LC using the segment IV approach. Among them, three (1.4%) were preoperatively diagnosed with an ABD. The branching point of the cystic duct was the posterior sectional duct, anterior sectional duct, or left hepatic duct in each patient. The CVS was achieved in all cases without any complications. Conclusion It is a promising technique, especially even for patients with an ABD during LC.

scholarly journals Biliary Involvement in Type 2 Autoimmune Pancreatitis

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 200-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana Ollo ◽  
Sylvain Terraz ◽  
Gregoire Arnoux ◽  
Giacomo Puppa ◽  
Jean-Louis Frossard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis ◽  
Autoimmune Pancreatitis ◽  
Sclerosing Cholangitis ◽  
Hepatic Duct ◽  
Intrahepatic Bile Duct ◽  
Rare Condition ◽  
Left Hepatic Duct ◽  
Mr Cholangiography ◽  
Igg4 Related Disease

Autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP) is a rare condition classified in 2 subtypes. Their distinction relies on a combination of clinical, serological, morphological and histological features. Type 1 is a pancreatic manifestation of IgG4-related disease characterized by multiorgan infiltration by IgG4 plasmocytes. In this condition, hepatobiliary infiltration is frequent and often mimics cholangiocarcinoma or primary sclerosing cholangitis. On the other hand, type 2 is commonly limited to the pancreas. Herein, we describe the case of a patient who presented a type 2 AIP associated with cholangiopathy, a condition not described in the established criteria. He first developed a pancreatitis identified as type 2 by the typical histopathological features and lack of IgG4 in the serum and tissue. Despite a good clinical response to steroids, cholestasis persisted, identified by MR cholangiography as a stricture of the left hepatic duct with dilatation of the intrahepatic bile duct in segments 2 and 3. Biliary cytology was negative. Evolution was favorable but after steroid tapering a few months later, the patient suffered from recurrence of the pancreatitis as well as progression of biliary attempt, suspicious for cholangiocarcinoma. As the investigations again ruled out neoplastic infiltration or primary sclerosing cholangitis, azathioprine was initiated with resolution of both pancreatic and biliary attempts.

scholarly journals Diagnosis of a single gallbladder with double cystic ducts and dominant accessory duct draining into the right hepatic duct: a case report

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (11) ◽  
pp. 030006052110539
Author(s):  
Cheng-Hsien Wu ◽  
Patricia Wanping Wu ◽  
Yon-Cheong Wong ◽  
Shih-Ching Kang
Keyword(s):  
Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Bile Duct ◽  
Preoperative Diagnosis ◽  
Hepatic Duct ◽  
Intrahepatic Bile Duct ◽  
Biliary Injury ◽  
Biliary Anomaly ◽  
The Right

Biliary anomalies are a high risk for biliary injury during surgery, and although a biliary anomaly is occasionally encountered, variations in cystic ducts are rare. A preoperative diagnosis is highly valuable in facilitating surgical procedures and avoiding surgical complications. Herein, the case of a 67-year-old female patient with acute cholecystitis, in which preoperative fluoroscopic cholangiography clearly demonstrated a single gallbladder with double cystic ducts, is presented. The accessory duct was found to be dominant, draining into the otherwise normal right intrahepatic bile duct, and laparoscopic cholecystectomy was performed smoothly and successfully. Fluoroscopic cholangiography is a powerful tool that may clearly depict the anomaly of a single gallbladder with double cystic ducts. Through appropriate preoperative knowledge and demonstration of this biliary anomaly in the present case, laparoscopic cholecystectomy was safely performed, and the patient was symptom-free at the 3-year follow-up assessment.

scholarly journals The segment IV approach: a useful method for achieving the critical view of safety during laparoscopic cholecystectomy in patients with anomalous bile duct

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuichi Fujioka ◽  
Keigo Nakashima ◽  
Hiroaki Kitamura ◽  
Yuki Takano ◽  
Takeyuki Misawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy ◽  
Bile Duct ◽  
Hepatic Duct ◽  
Left Hepatic Duct ◽  
Critical View ◽  
Critical View Of Safety ◽  
Right Border ◽  
Imaginary Line ◽  
Branching Point ◽  
The Right

Abstract Background The critical view of safety (CVS) method can be achieved by avoiding vasculo-biliary injury resulting from misidentification during laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC). Although achieving the CVS has become popular worldwide, there is no established standardized technique to achieve the CVS in patients with an anomalous bile duct (ABD). We recently reported our original approach for securing the CVS using a new landmark, the diagonal line of the segment IV of the liver (D-line). The D-line is an imaginary line that lies on the right border of the hilar plate. The cystic structure can be securely isolated along the D-line without any misidentification, regardless of the existence of an ABD. We named this approach the segment IV approach in LC. Methods In this study, we adopted the segment IV approach in patients with an ABD. Results From October 2015 to June 2020, 209 patients underwent LC using the segment IV approach. Among them, three (1.4%) were preoperatively diagnosed with an ABD.The branching point of the cystic duct was the posterior sectional duct, anterior sectional duct, or left hepatic duct in each patient. The CVS was achieved in all cases without any complications. Conclusion It is a promising technique, especially even for patients with an ABD during LC.

scholarly journals The Segment IV Approach: A Useful Method for Achieving the Critical View of Safety During Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy in Patients With Anomalous Bile Duct

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuichi Fujioka ◽  
Keigo Nakashima ◽  
Hiroaki Kitamura ◽  
Yuki Takano ◽  
Takeyuki Misawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy ◽  
Bile Duct ◽  
Hepatic Duct ◽  
Left Hepatic Duct ◽  
Critical View ◽  
Critical View Of Safety ◽  
Right Border ◽  
Imaginary Line ◽  
Branching Point ◽  
The Right

Abstract Background The critical view of safety (CVS) method can be achieved by avoiding vasculo-biliary injury resulting from misidentification during laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC). Although achieving the CVS has become popular worldwide, there is no established standardized technique to achieve the CVS in patients with an anomalous bile duct (ABD). We recently reported our original approach for securing the CVS using a new landmark, the diagonal line of the segment IV of the liver (D-line). The D-line is an imaginary line that lies on the right border of the hilar plate. The cystic structure can be securely isolated along the D-line without any misidentification, regardless of the existence of an ABD. We named this approach the segment IV approach in LC. Methods In this study, we adopted the segment IV approach in patients with an ABD. From October 2015 to June 2020, 209 patients underwent LC using the segment IV approach. Among them, three (1.4%) were preoperatively diagnosed with an ABD. Results The branching point of the cystic duct was the posterior sectional duct, anterior sectional duct, or left hepatic duct in each patient. The CVS was achieved in all cases without any complications. Conclusion The segment IV approach is useful for achieving CVS, especially even for patients with an ABD during LC.

scholarly journals Extraluminal recanalization for postoperative biliary obstruction using transseptal needle

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroki Horinouchi ◽  
Eisuke Ueshima ◽  
Keitaro Sofue ◽  
Shohei Komatsu ◽  
Takuya Okada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Bile Duct ◽  
Biliary Obstruction ◽  
Hepatic Duct ◽  
Drainage Tube ◽  
Biliary Strictures ◽  
Hepatic Bile ◽  
Hepatic Bile Duct ◽  
Benign Biliary Strictures ◽  
The Right

Abstract Background Postoperative biliary strictures are commonly related to accidental bile duct injuries or occur at the site of biliary anastomosis. The first-line treatment for benign biliary strictures is endoscopic therapy, which is less invasive and repeatable. However, recanalization for biliary complete obstruction is technically challenging to treat. The present report describes a successful case of treatment by extraluminal recanalization for postoperative biliary obstruction using a transseptal needle. Case presentation A 66-year-old woman had undergone caudal lobectomy for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma. The posterior segmental branch of the bile duct was injured and repaired intraoperatively. Three months after the surgery, the patient had developed biliary leakage from the right hepatic bile duct, resulting in complete biliary obstruction. Since intraluminal recanalization with conventional endoscopic and percutaneous approaches with a guidewire failed, extraluminal recanalization using a transseptal needle with an internal lumen via percutaneous approach was performed under fluoroscopic guidance. The left lateral inferior segmental duct was punctured, and an 8-F transseptal sheath was introduced into the ostium of right hepatic duct. A transseptal needle was advanced, and the right hepatic duct was punctured by targeting an inflated balloon that was placed at the end of the obstructed right hepatic bile duct. After confirming successful puncture using contrast agent injected through the internal lumen of the needle, a 0.014-in. guidewire was advanced into the right hepatic duct. Finally, an 8.5-F internal–external biliary drainage tube was successfully placed without complications. One month after the procedure, the drainage tube was replaced with a 10.2-F drainage tube to dilate the created tract. Subsequent endoscopic internalization was performed 5 months after the procedure. At the 1-year follow-up examination, there was no sign of biliary obstruction and recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma. Conclusions Recanalization using a transseptal needle can be an alternative technique for rigid biliary obstruction when conventional techniques fail.

scholarly journals Anatomic Variations of the Right Hepatic Duct: Results and Surgical Implications from a Cadaveric Study

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Theodoros Mariolis-Sapsakos ◽  
Vasileios Kalles ◽  
Konstantinos Papatheodorou ◽  
Nikolaos Goutas ◽  
Ioannis Papapanagiotou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bile Ducts ◽  
Hepatic Duct ◽  
Anatomical Variations ◽  
Common Hepatic Duct ◽  
Drainage Pattern ◽  
Left Hepatic Duct ◽  
Surgical Interventions ◽  
Drainage Patterns ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Right

Purpose. Thorough understanding of biliary anatomy is required when performing surgical interventions in the hepatobiliary system. This study describes the anatomical variations of right bile ducts in terms of branching and drainage patterns, and determines their frequency. Methods. We studied 73 samples of cadaveric material, focusing on the relationship of the right anterior and posterior segmental branches, the way they form the right hepatic duct, and the main variations of their drainage pattern. Results. The anatomy of the right hepatic duct was typical in 65.75% of samples. Ectopic drainage of the right anterior duct into the common hepatic duct was found in 15.07% and triple confluence in 9.59%. Ectopic drainage of the right posterior duct into the common hepatic duct was discovered in 2.74% and ectopic drainage of the right posterior duct into the left hepatic duct in 4.11%. Ectopic drainage of the right anterior duct into the left hepatic ductal system and ectopic drainage of the right posterior duct into the cystic duct was found in 1.37%. Conclusion. The branching pattern of the right hepatic duct was atypical in 34.25% of cases. Thus, knowledge of the anatomical variations of the extrahepatic bile ducts is important in many surgical cases.

scholarly journals When It Doesn't Fit: Congenital Anomalies of the Choledochus

2020 ◽  
Vol 08 (01) ◽  
pp. e86-e89
Author(s):  
Helena Reusens ◽  
Mark Davenport
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Bile Duct ◽  
Common Bile Duct ◽  
Extrahepatic Bile Duct ◽  
Hepatic Duct ◽  
Common Hepatic Duct ◽  
Resected Specimen ◽  
Cystic Dilatation ◽  
Left Hepatic Duct ◽  
Distal Common Bile Duct

Abstract Introduction Congenital choledochal malformations (CCMs) are characterized by intra- and/or extrahepatic bile duct dilatation. Five basic types (1–5) are recognized in Todani's classification and its modifications, of which types 1 and 4 typically have an associated anomalous pancreatobiliary junction and common channel (CC). We describe two cases with previously undescribed features. Case Report 1 Antenatal detection of a cyst at porta hepatis was made in an otherwise normal girl of Iranian parentage. She was confirmed to be a CCM (20 mm diameter), postnatally, with no evidence of obstruction. Surgical exploration was performed at 12 weeks. She had an isolated cystic dilatation of the right-hepatic duct only. The left-hepatic duct and common bile duct (CBD) were normal without a CC. Histology of the resected specimen showed stratified squamous epithelium. Case Report 2 A preterm (31 weeks of gestation) boy of Nigerian parentage was presented. His mother was HIV + ve and he was treated with nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors following birth. He had persistent cholestatic jaundice and a dilated (10 mm) bile duct from birth. Although the jaundice resolved, the dilatation persisted and increased, coming to surgery aged 2.5 years. This showed cystic dilatation confined to the common hepatic duct, and otherwise normal distal common bile duct and no CC. Result Both underwent resection with the Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy reconstruction to the transected right-hepatic duct alone in case 1, leaving the preserved left duct and CBD in continuity, and to the transected common hepatic duct in case 2. Conclusions Neither choledochal anomaly fitted into the usual choledochal classification and case 1 appears unique in the literature.

Extended Right Hepatectomy with Total Caudate Lobe Resection and Biliary Tree Resection for a Large Colorectal Liver Metastasis Involving both the Right and Left Hepatic Lobes and the Umbilical Fissure: A Case Report

2005 ◽  
Vol 71 (5) ◽  
pp. 447-449 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aljamir D. Chedid ◽  
Marcio F. Chedid ◽  
Cleber R.P. Kruel ◽  
FÁbio M. Girardi ◽  
Cleber D.P. Kruel
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Bile Duct ◽  
Liver Metastasis ◽  
Liver Tumors ◽  
Hepatic Duct ◽  
Early Death ◽  
Caudate Lobe ◽  
Right Hepatectomy ◽  
Left Hepatic Duct ◽  
Extended Right Hepatectomy

Very large right-sided liver tumors may grow up to the base of the umbilical fissure and involve the left hepatic duct and can occasionally reach the bile duct confluence. This kind of involvement has often been considered a contraindication to resection. We report a patient who presented with a large hepatic metastasis from colorectal cancer that reached the umbilical fissure and involved the left hepatic duct just above the bile duct confluence. An extended right hepatectomy including complete resection of caudate lobe was performed. We resected the left and common hepatic ducts, as well as both the entire hepatic and the proximal third of common bile duct. A long jejunal limb Roux-en-Y (45 cm) single-layer left intrahepatic hepaticojejunostomy was constructed. She is still well 14 months postoperatively. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of such a procedure employed for the treatment of a liver metastasis from colorectal cancer. Extended right hepatectomy including complete caudate lobe resection can be feasible even when the majority of the extrahepatic biliary system needs to be resected. Our approach probably offers the only chance to prevent early death from liver failure in these patients.

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