Drug delivery applications of poly-γ-glutamic acid

Abstract Background Poly-γ-glutamic acid (γ-PGA) is a biopolymer of microbial origin, consisting of repeating units of l-glutamic acid and/or D-glutamic acid. The biopolymer has found use in the fields of agriculture, food, wastewater, and medicine, owing to its non-toxic, biodegradable, and biocompatible properties. Due to its biodegradability, γ-PGA is being tipped to dislodge synthetic plastics in drug delivery application. High cost of production, relative to plastics, is however a clog in the wheel of achieving this. Main body of abstract This review looked at the production, nanoparticles fabrication, and drug delivery application of γ-PGA. γ-PGA production optimization by modifying the fermentation medium to tailor towards the production of desirable polymer at reduced cost and techniques for the formulation of γ-PGA nanoparticle as well as its characterization were discussed. This review also evaluated the application of γ-PGA and its nanoparticles in the delivery of drugs to action site. Characterization of γ-PGA and its nanoparticles is a crucial step towards determining the applicability of the biopolymer. γ-PGA has been used in the delivery of active agents to action sites. Conclusion This review highlights some of the efforts that have been made in the appraisal of γ-PGA and its nanoparticles for drug delivery. γ-PGA is a candidate for future extensive use in drug delivery.

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Fabrication and characterization of hollow starch nanoparticles by gelation process for drug delivery application

Carbohydrate Polymers ◽

10.1016/j.carbpol.2017.06.006 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 173 ◽

pp. 223-232 ◽

Cited By ~ 35

Author(s):

Jie Yang ◽

Fang Li ◽

Man Li ◽

Shuangling Zhang ◽

Jing Liu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Drug Delivery ◽

Gelation Process ◽

Drug Delivery Application ◽

Starch Nanoparticles ◽

Fabrication And Characterization

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Production optimization using Plackett-Burman and Box-Behnken designs with partial characterization of amylase from marine actinomycetes

10.21203/rs.3.rs-169538/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Sarah I Bukhari ◽

Mohamed H Al-Agamy ◽

Mahmoud S Kelany ◽

Mohammad R Al Hazani ◽

Moaz M Hamed

Keyword(s):

Molecular Weight ◽

Specific Activity ◽

Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis ◽

Sodium Dodecyl ◽

Fold Increase ◽

Fermentation Medium ◽

Culture Conditions ◽

Production Optimization ◽

Activity Measurement

Abstract Amylase is an industrial enzyme that is used in the food and biofuel industries. We screened four actinomycetes strains for amylase biosynthesis. The Streptomyces rochei strain had a larger hydrolytic zone (24 mm) on starch agar plates, than the other isolates. Plackett-Burman’s experimental design was implemented to optimize the conditions for amylase production by the selected strains. Growth under optimized culture conditions led to 1.7, 9.8, 7.7, and 3.12 -fold increases for the isolates S. griseorubens, S. rochei, S. parvus, and Streptomyces sp., respectively, in the specific activity measurement in comparison with growth under primary conditions. When applying the Box-Behnken design on S. rochei using the most significant parameters starch, K2HPO4, pH, and temperature, there was a 12.22-fold increase in the specific activity measurement: 7.37 U/mg. The optimal fermentation medium formula was kept at 30.6°C for seven days. The amylase from S. rochei was partially purified, and its molecular weight was determined using Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The molecular weight was found to be 45, 43, and 53 kDa. Amylase was particularly active at pH 6 and 65°C. The purified enzyme was most active at 65°C and a pH of 6, thermal stability of 70°C for 40 min and salt concentration of 1 M with a Km and Vmax of 6.58 mg/ml and 21.93 mg/ml/min, respectively. The amylase improved by adding Cu + 2, Zn + 2, and Fe + 2 (152.21%, 207.24%, and 111.89%). Increased production of amylase enzyme by Streptomyces rochei KR108310 attracts the production of industrially significant products.

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