scholarly journals Behavioral changes in the brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens, mediated by melatonin

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Longqing Shi ◽  
Junian Zhang ◽  
Liangmiao Qiu ◽  
Zhaowei Jiang ◽  
Zhenxing Xie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rice Plant ◽  
Brown Planthopper ◽  
Nilaparvata Lugens ◽  
Behavioral Changes ◽  
The Other ◽  
Melatonin Receptor ◽  
Melatonin Treatment ◽  
Locomotor Pattern ◽  
Locomotor Activities ◽  
Locomotor Behaviors

Abstract Background Melatonin has been proved to exist and play importance roles in rice plant, such as biosynthesis and resistance. However, little is known about the function of melatonin in its monophagous pest, the brown planthopper. Methods In this study, we examined the effects of melatonin on the copulatory and locomotor behaviors of brachypterous and macropterous adult planthoppers by exposing them to melatonin, luzindole (a melatonin receptor antagonist), or a combination of melatonin and luzindole. Results A total of 68.7% of copulation events occurred at night in the control, while 31.2% occurred at night in the melatonin treatment, which led to a decrease in offspring. Brachypterous males were involved in mating events in the melatonin treatment but not in the other two treatments or the control. The daily locomotor pattern in the melatonin treatment was markedly different from that in the luzindole and melatonin and luzindole treatments. The total locomotor activities of the macropterous and brachypterous males exposed with melatonin were suppressed compared to those in the control. Melatonin significantly decreased the daytime and nighttime locomotor activities of macropterous females. In comparison, the activity of brachypterous females decreased slightly in the daytime but was more than double that of the control females at night. Conclusions Our results reveal that melatonin plays a role in the behaviors of brown planthoppers.

scholarly journals Proteomics of the Honeydew from the Brown Planthopper and Green Rice Leafhopper Reveal They Are Rich in Proteins from Insects, Rice Plant and Bacteria

Insects ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 582
Author(s):  
Jinghua Zhu ◽  
Kunmiao Zhu ◽  
Liang Li ◽  
Zengxin Li ◽  
Weiwei Qin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Calcium Binding ◽  
Rice Plant ◽  
Brown Planthopper ◽  
Waste Product ◽  
Elongation Factor ◽  
Nilaparvata Lugens ◽  
Plant Responses ◽  
Green Rice Leafhopper ◽  
Plant Immune System

Honeydew is a watery fluid excreted by plant sap-feeding insects. It is a waste product for the insect hosts. However, it plays important roles for other organisms, such as serving as a nutritional source for beneficial insects and bacteria, as well as elicitors and effectors modulating plant responses. In this study, shotgun LC–MS/MS analyses were used to identify the proteins in the honeydew from two important rice hemipteran pests, the brown planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens, BPH) and green rice leafhopper (Nephotettix cincticeps, GRH). A total of 277 and 210 proteins annotated to insect proteins were identified in the BPH and GRH honeydews, respectively. These included saliva proteins that may have similar functions as the saliva proteins, such as calcium-binding proteins and apolipophorin, involved in rice plant defenses. Additionally, a total of 52 and 32 Oryza proteins were identified in the BPH and GRH honeydews, respectively, some of which are involved in the plant immune system, such as Pathogen-Related Protein 10, ascorbate peroxidase, thioredoxin and glutaredoxin. Coincidently, 570 and 494 bacteria proteins were identified from the BPH and GRH honeydews, respectively, which included several well-known proteins involved in the plant immune system: elongation factor Tu, flagellin, GroEL and cold-shock proteins. The results of our study indicate that the insect honeydew is a complex fluid cocktail that contains abundant proteins from insects, plants and microbes, which may be involved in the multitrophic interactions of plants–insects–microbes.

scholarly journals Predation of Five Generalist Predators on Brown Planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens Stål)

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 55-62
Author(s):  
Sri Karindah
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Condition ◽  
Brown Planthopper ◽  
Nilaparvata Lugens ◽  
The Other ◽  
Generalist Predators ◽  
Consumption Rates ◽  
Nilaparvata Lugens Stål

Two generalist predators of brown planthopper,Metioche vittaticollis and Anaxipha longipennis (Gryllidae) have not been much studied in Indonesia. This research was conducted to study and compare the predatory ability of M. vittaticollis, A. longipennis (Gryllidae) and three coleopterans, Paederus fuscipes (Staphylinidae), Ophionea sp. (Carabidae),and Micraspis sp. (Coccinellidae) against brown planthopper (fourth and fifth instars) under laboratory condition. In total, 20 nymphs of N. lugens were exposed for 2 hour to each predator for 5 consecutive days. Prey consumptions by the predatory crickets, M. vittaticollis and A. longipennis were greater than the other predators and followed by A. longipennis, Micraspis sp., P. fuscipes, and Ophionea sp. respectively. Consumption rates of M. vittaticolis and A. longipenis were also higher than other predators. Micraspis sp was more active on predation in the morning,while M. vittaticollis, A. longipennis, P. fuscipes, and Ophionea sp. were more active both in the morning and the night but not in the afternoon. However, all five species of predators were not so active in preying during the afternoon. In conclusion, a major effort should be extended to conserve these predatory crickets especially M. vittaticollis and A. longipennis.

Sterols and Asparagine in the Rice Plant, Endogenous Factors Related to Resistance against the Brown Planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens)

1982 ◽  
Vol 46 (11) ◽  
pp. 2877-2879 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshio Shigematsu ◽  
Noboru Murofushi ◽  
Kiyomitsu Ito ◽  
Chukichi Kaneda ◽  
Susumu Kawabe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rice Plant ◽  
Brown Planthopper ◽  
Nilaparvata Lugens ◽  
Endogenous Factors

scholarly journals Salivary Protein NlSP7 of The Brown Planthopper Functions As An Effector for Mediating Tricin Metabolism in Rice Plants

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gu Gong ◽  
Long-Yu Yuan ◽  
Yi-Feng Li ◽  
Hang-Xiang Xiao ◽  
Yan-Fang Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Rice Plant ◽  
Artificial Diet ◽  
Mrna Level ◽  
Brown Planthopper ◽  
Nilaparvata Lugens ◽  
Salivary Protein ◽  
Rice Plants ◽  
Important Pest

Abstract The brown planthopper (BPH), Nilaparvata lugens, is an important pest that affects rice (Oryza sativa) production in Asia. The flavone tricin (5,7,4ʹ-trihydroxy-3ʹ,5ʹ-dimethoxy flavone) is a valuable secondary metabolite commonly found in rice plants that can defend rice plants against infestation by BPH. BPH damage can reduce the metabolic level of tricin in rice. Our preliminary transcriptome research results showed that BPH salivary protein 7, NlSP7, is highly responsive to tricin stimuli. However, the function of NlSP7 in mediating the interaction between the rice plant and the BPH is unknown. In this study, we cloned the NlSP7 gene in N. lugens and found that its mRNA level was greater in the presence of high tricin content than low tricin content, regardless of whether the BPHs were fed a rice plant diet or an artificial diet containing 100 mg/L tricin. Knocking down NlSP7 resulted in BPH individuals spending more time in the non-penetration and pathway phase, and less time feeding on the phloem of rice plants. These changes decreased BPH food intake, feeding behavior, and fitness, as well as the tricin content of the rice plants. These findings demonstrate that the salivary protein NlSP7 of BPH functions as an effector for tricin metabolism in rice.

scholarly journals Genetic Dissection of Sympatric Populations of Brown Planthopper,Nilaparvata lugens(Stål), Using DALP-PCR Molecular Markers

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Latif ◽  
M. Y. Rafii ◽  
M. S. Mazid ◽  
M. E. Ali ◽  
F. Ahmed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Polymorphisms ◽  
Brown Planthopper ◽  
Nilaparvata Lugens ◽  
Genetic Distances ◽  
The Other ◽  
Oligonucleotide Primer ◽  
Group Method ◽  
Genetic Dissection ◽  
Sympatric Populations ◽  
Esterase Activities

Direct amplified length polymorphism (DALP) combines the advantages of a high-resolution fingerprint method and also characterizing the genetic polymorphisms. This molecular method was also found to be useful in brown planthopper,Nilaparvata lugensspecies complex for the analysis of genetic polymorphisms. A total of 11 populations ofNilaparvataspp. were collected from 6 locations from Malaysia. Two sympatric populations of brown planthopper,N. lugens, one from rice and the other from a weed grass (Leersia hexandra), were collected from each of five locations.N. bakeriwas used as an out group. Three oligonucleotide primer pairs, DALP231/DALPR′5, DALP234/DALPR′5, and DALP235/DALPR′5 were applied in this study. The unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean (UPGMA) dendrogram based on genetic distances for the 11 populations ofNilaparvataspp. revealed that populations belonging to the same species and the same host type clustered together irrespective of their geographical localities of capture. The populations ofN. lugensformed into two distinct clusters, one was insects with high esterase activities usually captured from rice and the other was with low esterase activities usually captured fromL. hexandra. N. bakeri, an out group, was the most isolated group. Analyses of principal components, molecular variance, and robustness also supported greatly to the findings of cluster analysis.

scholarly journals The Effectiveness of Lemongrass Oil Against Brown planthopper Nilaparvata lugens Stal. (Hemiptera: Delphacidae) on Rice Plant

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-18
Author(s):  
Toto Himawan ◽  
Rina Rachmawati ◽  
Eka Putri Rifandani
Keyword(s):  
Rice Plant ◽  
Brown Planthopper ◽  
Nilaparvata Lugens ◽  
Food Crop ◽  
Lc50 Value ◽  
Plant Pests ◽  
The World ◽  
Lemongrass Oil ◽  
Natural Pesticides ◽  
Nilaparvata Lugens Stål

Rice (Oryza sativa) is the primary food crop in the world. The use of natural pesticides made from essential plants has begun to be developed because it is useful in controlling some plant pests. This study aimed to investigate lemongrass oil's effectiveness in controlling brown planthopper pests in rice plants. This study consist of five concentrations using lemongrass oil and sterile distilled water as control was repeated three times. The highest mortality of brown planthopper was found at 1.6% concentration (100%), while the lowest mortality was 0.1% concentration (26.66%). The lemongrass oil can be used to control brown planthoppers because of the LC50 value at a concentration of 8233.34 ppm (0.8%) and LT50 at 6 HAT.

Understanding rice plant resistance to the Brown Planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens ): A proteomic approach

PROTEOMICS ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 2798-2808 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhe Wei ◽  
Wei Hu ◽  
Qishan Lin ◽  
Xiaoyan Cheng ◽  
Mengjie Tong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Resistance ◽  
Rice Plant ◽  
Brown Planthopper ◽  
Nilaparvata Lugens ◽  
Proteomic Approach

scholarly journals A Salivary Odorant-Binding Protein Mediates Nilaparvata lugens Feeding and Host Plant Phytohormone Suppression

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (9) ◽  
pp. 4988
Author(s):  
Hao Liu ◽  
Chao Wang ◽  
Chang-Lai Qiu ◽  
Jin-Hua Shi ◽  
Ze Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salivary Glands ◽  
Transcriptome Sequencing ◽  
Rice Plant ◽  
Host Location ◽  
Brown Planthopper ◽  
Nilaparvata Lugens ◽  
Insect Host ◽  
Odorant Binding Proteins ◽  
Real Time Quantitative Pcr ◽  
Odorant Binding

Odorant-binding proteins (OBPs) typically act as transporters of odor molecules and play an important role in insect host location. Here, we identified an OBP in brown planthopper (BPH) Nilaparvata lugens salivary glands via transcriptome sequencing. Real-time quantitative PCR and Western blotting analysis results showed that NlugOBP11 was highly expressed in salivary glands and secreted into rice plant during feeding, suggesting that it assists in BPH feeding on rice. Functional analysis in N. lugens saliva revealed that silencing this gene by RNA interference decreased the BPH stylet performance in the phloem of rice plants, reduced sap sucking, and ultimately led to insect death. Moreover, overexpression of NlugOBP11 in rice protoplasts or Nicotiana benthamiana leaves inhibited the production of defense-related signaling molecule salicylic acid in rice plant. The results demonstrate that NlugOBP11 is not only essential for BPH feeding, but also acts as an effector that inhibits plant defense.

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