Long-wavelength P-wave and S-wave propagation in jointed rock masses

Geophysics ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 74 (5) ◽  
pp. E205-E214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Minsu Cha ◽  
Gye-Chun Cho ◽  
J. Carlos Santamarina
Keyword(s):  
Wave Propagation ◽  
Rock Mass ◽  
Normal Stress ◽  
Jointed Rock ◽  
P Wave ◽  
Rock Masses ◽  
S Wave ◽  
Jointed Rock Masses ◽  
Long Wavelength ◽  
Joint Properties

Field data suggest that stress level and joint condition affect shear-wave propagation in jointed rock masses. However, the study of long-wavelength propagation in a jointed rock mass is challenging in the laboratory, and limited data are available under controlled test conditions. Long-wavelength P-wave and S-wave propagation normal to joints, using an axially loaded jointed column device, reproduces a range of joint conditions. The effects of the normal stress, loading history, joint spacing, matched surface topography (i.e., joint roughness), joint cementation (e.g., after grouting), joint opening, and plasticity of the joint filling on the P-wave and S-wave velocities and on S-wave attenuation are notable. The ratio [Formula: see text] in jointed rock masses differs from that found in homogeneous continua. The concept of Poisson’s ratio as a function of [Formula: see text] is unwarranted, and [Formula: see text] can be interpreted in terms of jointed characteristics. Analytic models that consider stress-dependent stiffness and frictional loss in joints as well as stress-independent properties of intact rocks can model experimental observations properly and extract joint properties from rock-mass test data. Thus, joint properties and normal stress have a prevalent role in propagation velocity and attenuation in jointed rock masses.

Distinct Element Modeling of the Effect of Joint Persistence on Dynamic Fracturing of Jointed Rock Masses

2014 ◽  
Vol 553 ◽  
pp. 445-451
Author(s):  
Zeinab Aliabadian ◽  
Mansour Sharafisafa
Keyword(s):  
Wave Propagation ◽  
Rock Mass ◽  
Jointed Rock ◽  
Intact Rock ◽  
Rock Blasting ◽  
Rock Masses ◽  
Jointed Rock Masses ◽  
Free Face ◽  
Rock Bridges ◽  
Discontinuous Joints

Rock masses consist of intact rock and discontinuities such as faults, joints and bedding planes. The presence of such discontinuities in rock masses dominates the response of jointed rock masses to static and dynamic loading. These structural weak planes seriously hinder and affect the propagation of stress waves in rock mass. The joints parameters such as persistence, orientation, distribution patterns, spacing and filling material have a significant effect on the response of rock masses against wave propagation. In most studies of blast induced wave propagation in jointed rock mass, it is assumed that joints are continuous. In many situations the rock mass consists of non-continuous joints and rock bridges. Rock bridges and discontinuous joints have a different effect on wave and fracture propagation in a blasting operation. With regard to complexities associated with rock blasting in particular in jointed media, numerical tools are viable alternatives for rock blasting analysis. In this study the DEM methods was employed to investigate the effects of rock bridges on the wave propagation process. A plain strain 2D scenario was assumed and a single blasthole explosion was simulated. Three models with different jointing orientation patterns including jointing pattern parallel to free face, perpendicular to free face and orientated at 45 degree with respect to free face were analyzed numerically to investigate rock mass fracturing while blast wave propagation. The discontinuous joints were considered to be filled with weak materials (open joints) and rock bridges are composed of intact rock. In order to allow material plastic failure, a Mohr-Coulomb material model was used. The analysis results show that the stress concentration at the rock bridge location leads to excessive fracturing. This effect is more visible at the free face where the stress wave reflection occurs. Moreover, the obtained results show that the pattern and orientation of non-continuous joint system has a pronounced effect on rock fragmentation.

Numerical Homogenization of Jointed Rock Masses Using Wave Propagation Simulation

2013 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 1393-1409
Author(s):  
Hatem Gasmi ◽  
Essaïeb Hamdi ◽  
Nejla Bouden Romdhane
Keyword(s):  
Wave Propagation ◽  
Jointed Rock ◽  
Numerical Homogenization ◽  
Rock Masses ◽  
Jointed Rock Masses

scholarly journals Experimental Study on Influence of Joint Surface Morphology on Strength and Deformation of Nonthrough Jointed Rock Masses under Direct Shear

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Yuanming Liu ◽  
Qingzhi Chen ◽  
Huiyu Chen ◽  
Xun Ou ◽  
Dafu Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Shear Strength ◽  
Rock Mass ◽  
Normal Stress ◽  
Failure Mode ◽  
Jointed Rock ◽  
Tangential Displacement ◽  
Direct Shear ◽  
Jointed Rock Masses ◽  
Final Failure ◽  
Joint Morphology

Direct shear tests were carried out on nonthrough jointed rock masses (NTJRM) with three types of joints under five normal stresses. The strength characteristics of shear strength, initial crack strength, and residual strength and the deformation characteristics of tangential displacement and dilatancy displacement as well as the transformation of failure mode and the variation of shear parameters of rock mass with different joint morphology are studied. Under the same normal stress, with the increase of joint undulation, the shear strength of NTJRM increases, and the corresponding tangential displacement of NTJRM increases. Two typical failure modes are observed: TTTS mode and TSSS mode. TTTS model indicates that the initial failure, extension failure, and final failure of rock mass are caused by tensile action, while the failure mode of through plane is formed by shear action. The initial failure of TSSS mode rock mass is caused by tensile action, while the expansion and final failure are caused by shear action, and the failure mode of through plane is formed under shear action. When the joint undulation is small and the normal stress is small, NTJRM will fail in TTTS mode; when the joint undulation is large and the normal stress is large, NTJRM will fail in TSSS mode. The results show that the shear parameters of NTJRM are related to the joint morphology, the bond force increases with the increase of joint undulation, and the internal friction angle increases with the increase of joint undulation. The research results of direct shear test of nonthrough jointed rock mass can provide reference for related research.

scholarly journals Numerical Modeling on Dynamic Characteristics of Jointed Rock Masses Subjected to Repetitive Impact Loading

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Jie Liu ◽  
Yan-Bin Song ◽  
Yue-Mao Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Rock Mass ◽  
Impact Loading ◽  
Jointed Rock ◽  
Stress Waves ◽  
Rock Masses ◽  
Jointed Rock Masses ◽  
Numerical Tests ◽  
Repetitive Impact ◽  
Dip Angle ◽  
Energy Dissipated

A discrete element method code was used to investigate the damage characteristics of jointed rock masses under repetitive impact loading. The Flat-Joint Contact Model (FJCM) in the two-dimensional particle flow code (PFC2D) was used to calibrate the microparameters that control the macroscopic behavior of the rock. The relationship between macro- and microparameters by a series of uniaxial direct tension and compression numerical tests based on an orthogonal experimental design method was obtained to calibrate the microparameters accurately. Then, the Synthetic Rock Mass (SRM) method that incorporates joints into the calibrated particle model was used to construct large-scale jointed rock mass specimens, and the repetitive drop hammer impact numerical tests on SRM specimens with different numbers of horizontal joints and dip angle joints were carried out to study the damage evolution, stress wave propagation, and energy dissipation characteristics. The results show that the greater the number of joints, the greater the number of cracks generated, the greater the degree of damage, and the more energy dissipated for rock masses with horizontal joints. The greater the dip angle of joints, the less the number of cracks generated, the less the degree of damage, and the less energy dissipated for rock masses with different dip angles of joints. The impact-induced stress waves will be reflected when they encounter preexisting joints in the process of propagation. When the reflected stress waves meet with subsequent stress waves, the stress waves will change from compressional waves to tensile waves, producing tensile damage inside rock masses.

scholarly journals Anisotropic Constitutive Model of Intermittent Columnar Jointed Rock Masses Based on the Cosserat Theory

Symmetry ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 823 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenbin Lu ◽  
Zhende Zhu ◽  
Xiangcheng Que ◽  
Cong Zhang ◽  
Yanxin He
Keyword(s):  
Rock Mass ◽  
Constitutive Model ◽  
Jointed Rock ◽  
Jointed Rock Mass ◽  
Rock Masses ◽  
Cosserat Theory ◽  
Tunnel Excavation ◽  
Jointed Rock Masses ◽  
Columnar Jointed Rock Mass ◽  
Anisotropic Constitutive Model

In this work, an anisotropic constitutive model of hexagonal columnar jointed rock masses is established to describe the distribution law of deformation and the failure of columnar joint caverns under anisotropic conditions, and is implemented to study the columnar jointed rock mass at the dam site of the Baihetan Hydropower Station on the Jinsha River. The model is based on the Cosserat theory and considers the mesoscopic bending effect on the macroscopic mean. The influences of joint plane inclination on equivalent anisotropic elastic parameters are discussed via the introduction of an off-axis transformation matrix and the analysis of an example. It is also pointed out that the six-prism columnar jointed rock mass changes from transverse isotropy to anisotropy under the influence of the angle. A numerical calculation program of the Cosserat constitutive model is developed and is applied to the simulation calculation of a Baihetan diversion tunnel to compare and analyze the respective plastic zones and stress distributions after tunnel excavation under both isotropic and anisotropic conditions. The results reveal that, compared with the isotropic model, the proposed Cosserat anisotropic model better reflects the state of stress and asymmetric distribution of the plastic zone after tunnel excavation, and the actual deformation of the surrounding rock of the tunnel is greater than that calculated by the isotropic method. The results aid in a better understanding of the mechanical properties of rock masses.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document