BACKGROUND
Previous research confirms that symptoms of postnatal depression (PND) can be ameliorated through internet-delivered psychological interventions. To date, no research has examined the efficacy of such interventions compared directly to face-to-face (FTF) treatment in women clinically diagnosed with PND.
OBJECTIVE
We aimed to compare the efficacy of one of the first Web-based cognitive behavioural therapy (internet CBT + coach calls) interventions for PND (MumMoodBooster: MMB) with FTF-CBT in a randomised controlled trial (RCT).
METHODS
One hundred and sixteen postnatal women with a DSM-IV diagnosis of major or minor depression were randomised to either MMB (n = 39), FTF-CBT (n = 39) or a treatment as usual control condition (TAU, n = 38). Diagnostic status was determined at baseline and at a 21-week follow-up using the Structured Clinical Interview for the DSM-IV (SCID-IV). Severity of anxious and depressive symptoms were evaluated with the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS-21) and the Beck Depression Inventory – Revised (BDI-II) at baseline, 12 weeks (post-treatment) and at 21 weeks follow-up.
RESULTS
Ninety two percent of participants had a diagnosis of major depression at baseline. Rates of remission from the major or minor depressive episode at 21 weeks in both the FTF-CBT and the MMB groups were superior to TAU (Relative Risk = 0.59 and 0.68 respectively) and they were not significantly different from each other. Whilst remission rates differed between TAU and FTF-CBT, growth models showed that, in terms of symptom reduction across time, the FTF-CBT treatment was not significantly better than TAU. By comparison, MMB was statistically superior to both TAU and FTF-CBT in reducing symptoms of depression, anxiety and stress from baseline to 21 weeks follow-up (large and moderate effect sizes). Thus, after 21 weeks, symptom scores for depression and anxiety in women receiving MMB were approximately 50% lower than the average scores in both TAU and FTF-CBT.
CONCLUSIONS
In this RCT, MMB was at least as effective as FTF-CBT in achieving remission from a diagnosed postnatal depressive episode. MMB was superior to both TAU and FTF-CBT in encouraging and maintaining reduction of symptom severity over 21 weeks follow-up for depressed postnatal women.
These findings replicate results of prior studies of MMB that showed clinically significant improvements in depressive symptoms and they provide direct empirical support that internet delivered treatment for depressed postnatal women is a viable alternative to face-to-face treatment. Advantages of internet treatment include anonymity, convenience and catering for women who would prefer not to, or cannot, access face-to-face treatments. The generalisability of results needs to be examined by future research since RCTs of internet-based versus face-to-face treatments necessarily involve a subset of people who are willing to undertake either modality of treatment.
CLINICALTRIAL
The protocol for this trial was registered prospectively on the Australia and New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (trial id ACTRN12613000881730); https://anzctr.org.au/Trial/Registration/TrialReview.aspx?id=364683&isReview=true.
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