Affective Equivalents

1963 ◽  
Vol 109 (461) ◽  
pp. 464-469 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. F. da Fonseca
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Illness ◽  
Manic Depressive Illness ◽  
Manic Depressive Psychosis ◽  
Manic Depressive ◽  
Involutional Melancholia ◽  
Progressive Enlargement

Since its first formulation, the concept of manic-depressive illness has been subject to successive modification and, on the whole, to progressive enlargement. It was Kraepelin, following on the attempts of Baillarger, Falret and Magnan, who grouped together all the various nosographic forms distinguished by isolated depressive or manic crises, periodic or alternating (and even the form designated as involutional melancholia), including them all under the sole class name of manic-depressive psychosis. The morbid entity thus defined was regarded as distinguished by the periodicity of the crises, each with a tendency towards social remission. Aetiologically the causation was seen as preponderantly hereditary.

Mixed Affective States and the Natural History of Manic-Depressive Psychosis

1979 ◽  
Vol 134 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. M. H. Nunn
Keyword(s):  
Natural History ◽  
Random Sample ◽  
Alternative Model ◽  
Depressive Illness ◽  
Affective States ◽  
Manic Depressive Illness ◽  
Affective Psychosis ◽  
Manic Depressive Psychosis ◽  
Manic Depressive ◽  
History Of

SummarySince neither the unipolar nor the bipolar theories of manic-depressive psychosis explain all its features, an alternative model was tested. The hypotheses are that mixed affective psychoses represent a superimposition on hypomania of a second type of depression which can sometimes develop from the depressive phase of manic-depressive psychosis, and that schizophrenia occurring in the course of a manic-depressive illness is an alternative to mixed affective psychosis.From an examination of the clinical histories of a random sample of people with bipolar manic-depressive psychosis, evidence was found to support both ideas.

The characteristic signs and symptoms of mania and depression according to Kraepelin circa 1905: a comparison with DSM-III

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Kenneth S. Kendler
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Criteria ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Depressive Illness ◽  
Direct Link ◽  
Manic Depressive Illness ◽  
Manic Depressive ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Involutional Melancholia ◽  
Symptoms And Signs ◽  
Historical Origins

Abstract Although the rise of operationalized diagnostic criteria and the creation of DSM-III were influenced in the USA by a neo-Kraepelinian ‘revival’ of interest in psychiatric nosology, Kraepelin was only a distal influence on the specific diagnostic criteria proposed. The historical origins of the DSM-III criteria for mania and major depression (MD) are traceable back to the 1950s and contain no direct link to Kraepelin's writings. George Dreyfus, a student and assistant to Kraepelin, authored in 1907 a monograph on Involutional Melancholia which reviewed cases seen by Kraepelin in Heidelberg. In this monograph, Dreyfus presents the ‘characteristic’ symptoms for mania and depression ‘as described by Kraepelin.’ This historical finding provides the unprecedented opportunity to examine the resemblance between the criteria proposed for mania and depression in DSM-III, inspired by Kraepelin's nosologic vision, and those specifically suggested by Kraepelin 73 years earlier. Kraepelin's symptoms and signs for mania paralleled seven of the eight DSM-III criteria (except the decreased need for sleep), with two not included in DSM-III (increased mental activity and short bursts of sadness). Kraepelin's signs and symptoms paralleled six of the nine DSM-III criteria for MD, lacking suicidal ideation and changes in appetite/weight and sleep but including obsessions, reduced expressive movements, and decreased mood responsiveness. Although Kraepelin's overall approach to mania and depression emphasized their close inter-relationship in the cyclic course of manic-depressive illness, it is noteworthy Kraepelin's ‘characteristic’ symptoms for mania and depression as described by Dreyfus, bear substantial but incomplete resemblance to the criteria proposed in DSM-III.

Neuropsychological Function in Manic-Depressive Psychosis Evidence for Persistent Deficits in Patients with Chronic, Severe Illness

1995 ◽  
Vol 167 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. P. McKay ◽  
A. F. Tarbuck ◽  
J. Shapleske ◽  
P. J. McKenna
Keyword(s):  
Young Patients ◽  
Poor Performance ◽  
Depressive Illness ◽  
Neuropsychological Deficits ◽  
Severe Illness ◽  
Manic Depressive Illness ◽  
Manic Depressive Psychosis ◽  
Manic Depressive ◽  
Affective Symptoms ◽  
Neuropsychological Investigation

BackgroundWhile neuropsychological deficits are recognised to occur in manic-depressive psychosis during episodes of depression and to reverse with clinical recovery, it is uncertain whether they can ever be seen outside episodes of illness.MethodForty-five patients meeting DSM–III–R criteria for major depression or bipolar disorder were screened using tests of memory, executive function and overall intellectual function. All testing was carried out during remission of affective symptoms.ResultsNone of 24 young patients and 11 elderly patients scored in the impaired range on any of the tests. However, five of ten patients with chronic, severe affective disorder were impaired on one or more of the measures. On more detailed neuropsychological investigation, these five patients were found to show a variable pattern of impairment, ranging from memory and executive deficits in relative isolation, to widespread poor performance.ConclusionsEnduring neuropsychological deficits may be a feature of chronic, severe manic-depressive illness.

Short-Cycle Manic-Depressive Psychosis in a Mentally Handicapped Child without Family History

1987 ◽  
Vol 151 (4) ◽  
pp. 554-555 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. M. Linter
Keyword(s):  
Family History ◽  
Psychiatric Illness ◽  
Depressive Illness ◽  
Handicapped Child ◽  
Manic Depressive Illness ◽  
Mentally Handicapped ◽  
Short Cycle ◽  
Manic Depressive Psychosis ◽  
Mental Handicap ◽  
Manic Depressive

Diagnosis of classic psychiatric illness in mentally handicapped individuals remains difficult. Manic-depressive illness has previously been reported in both pre-pubertal and pubertal children with a mental handicap and with a family history. This paper reports a case of manic-depressive psychosis in childhood, with no family history, short-cycle mood swings and good response to lithium therapy.

Conditioning and Sensitisation in the Longitudinal Course of Affective Illness

1986 ◽  
Vol 149 (2) ◽  
pp. 191-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert M. Post ◽  
David R. Rubinow ◽  
James C. Ballenger
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Illness ◽  
Manic Depressive Illness ◽  
Conceptual Approach ◽  
Longitudinal Course ◽  
Behavioural Sensitisation ◽  
Affective Illness ◽  
Biological Variables ◽  
Manic Depressive ◽  
Progressive Course

Few biological theories of manic-depressive illness have focused on the longitudinal course of affective dysfunction and the mechanisms underlying its often recurrent and progressive course. The authors discuss two models for the development of progressive behavioural dysfunction—behavioural sensitisation and electrophysiological kindling—as they provide clues to important clinical and biological variables relevant to sensitisation in affective illness. The role of environmental context and conditioning in mediating behavioural and biochemical aspects of this sensitisation is emphasised. The sensitisation models provide a conceptual approach to previously inexplicable clinical phenomena in the longitudinal course of affective illness and may provide a bridge between psychoanalytic/psychosocial and neurobiological formulations of manic-depressive illness.

Transmission of Manic-Depressive Illness

JAMA ◽  
1973 ◽  
Vol 224 (8) ◽  
pp. 1187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julien Mendlewicz
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Illness ◽  
Manic Depressive Illness ◽  
Manic Depressive
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