Conditioning and Sensitisation in the Longitudinal Course of Affective Illness

1986 ◽  
Vol 149 (2) ◽  
pp. 191-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert M. Post ◽  
David R. Rubinow ◽  
James C. Ballenger
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Illness ◽  
Manic Depressive Illness ◽  
Conceptual Approach ◽  
Longitudinal Course ◽  
Behavioural Sensitisation ◽  
Affective Illness ◽  
Biological Variables ◽  
Manic Depressive ◽  
Progressive Course

Few biological theories of manic-depressive illness have focused on the longitudinal course of affective dysfunction and the mechanisms underlying its often recurrent and progressive course. The authors discuss two models for the development of progressive behavioural dysfunction—behavioural sensitisation and electrophysiological kindling—as they provide clues to important clinical and biological variables relevant to sensitisation in affective illness. The role of environmental context and conditioning in mediating behavioural and biochemical aspects of this sensitisation is emphasised. The sensitisation models provide a conceptual approach to previously inexplicable clinical phenomena in the longitudinal course of affective illness and may provide a bridge between psychoanalytic/psychosocial and neurobiological formulations of manic-depressive illness.

Thyrotoxicosis and the Course of Manic-Depressive Illness

1978 ◽  
Vol 133 (3) ◽  
pp. 219-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. A. Checkley
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Episode ◽  
Alternative Explanation ◽  
Depressive Illness ◽  
Manic Depressive Illness ◽  
Affective Illness ◽  
Manic Depressive

SummaryThe effect of thyrotoxicosis upon the recurrence of manic-depressive psychoses has been studied by the use of a routine follow-up system. In this system 267 patients had three or more affective illnesses. Five of these patients had eight well-documented episodes of thyrotoxicosis. Only three of these eight episodes coincided with an affective illness, and in each case an alternative explanation for the association was available. These findings suggest that thyrotoxicosis has little effect upon the occurrence of a manic-depressive episode.

Seasonal Affective Illness

2018 ◽  
pp. 311-316
Author(s):  
S. Nassir Ghaemi
Keyword(s):  
Behavioral Interventions ◽  
Light Exposure ◽  
Seasonal Pattern ◽  
Depressive Illness ◽  
The Body ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Manic Depressive Illness ◽  
Affective Illness ◽  
Manic Depressive ◽  
The Impact

Seasonal affective illness is seen as part of the seasonality of affective illness, not as a separate disease. All human beings are sensitive to light; the impact of light is hardwired in neuroanatomy. The body has intricate circadian rhythms that are regulated by the interaction of light with this neuroanatomy. Thus, everyone is affected by light, or its absence. Manic and depressive states, when part of the disease of manic-depressive illness, can have a seasonal pattern, with depression more prevalent in the fall/winter and mania in the spring/summer. The high prevalence of suicide in the spring likely relates to mixed manic states. Treatment with light boxes can be helpful symptomatically. Available studies are summarized. Importantly, light precautions, which involve behavioral interventions to increase or decrease light exposure, can prevent seasonal mood episodes.

The Continuum of Psychosis and its Implication for the Structure of the Gene

1986 ◽  
Vol 149 (4) ◽  
pp. 419-429 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. J. Crow
Keyword(s):  
Tandem Repeats ◽  
Bimodal Distribution ◽  
Depressive Illness ◽  
Manic Depressive Illness ◽  
Affective Illness ◽  
Manic Depressive ◽  
Functional Psychoses ◽  
Genetic Mechanisms ◽  
Degree Of Stability ◽  
The Continuum

Three observations challenge Kraepelin's binary view of the functional psychoses: a bimodal distribution of the clinical features of manic-depressive illness and schizophrenia has not been demonstrated; affective illness appears to predispose to schizophrenia in later generations; and “schizoaffective’ illnesses cannot be separated in family studies from either of the prototypical psychoses. The alternative concept is that psychosis is a continuum extending from unipolar, through bipolar affective illness and schizoaffective psychosis, to typical schizophrenia, with increasing degrees of defect. According to this concept the genes predisposing to psychosis have a degree of stability that ensures that the form of the psychosis tends to remain the same within families, but there is also the possibility of change, implying that the genetic mechanisms themselves are variable. It is proposed that quantal changes in the “virogene’ are due to replications within the genome (e.g. the generation of tandem repeats of the element or a component of it); that such replications occur at a critical stage (e.g. gametogenesis, fertilisation, very early embryogenesis) in the course of reproduction; and that the “season of birth effect’ reflects the operation of the mechanism responsible for these replications.

Affective Illness in First Degree Relatives, Parental Loss and Family Jointness in Depressive Disorders

1973 ◽  
Vol 122 (570) ◽  
pp. 601-602 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Venkoba Rao
Keyword(s):  
Affective Disorder ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Parental Death ◽  
Depressive Illness ◽  
Parental Loss ◽  
Manic Depressive Illness ◽  
Affective Illness ◽  
First Degree Relatives ◽  
Manic Depressive

Manic-depressive illness is believed to comprise two different clinical entities: Bipolar and Monopolar. This paper aims to study any differences there may be between monopolar and bipolar depressions in respect of three factors: occurrence of affective disorder (including suicide) in first degree relatives; parental death before the patients' twelfth birthday and the extent of ‘jointness' (Khatri, 1970) of the patients' family.

The poetics of bipolar disorder

2006 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Goss
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Language Production ◽  
Affective State ◽  
Depressive Illness ◽  
Manic Depressive Illness ◽  
Discourse Production ◽  
Language And Thought ◽  
Manic Depressive ◽  
Normal Language

This article explores the role of affect in the disorganized language and thought that can manifest itself in bipolar disorder. Bipolar disorder, or as it was previously known, manic-depressive illness, can produce psychotic language and thought in its more extreme forms. During the production of discourse in bipolar disorder, there is a strong correlation between the underlying affective state, i.e., depression, euthymia, hypomania, and mania, and linguistic and cognitive performance. A psycholinguistic model of the dynamics between language, thought, and affect in bipolar disorder based on McNeill’s (1992, 2000) concept of a “Growth Point” is proposed. In particular, the poetic structural phases of discourse production in bipolar disorder, which vary according to the underlying affective state, provide a phenomenological bridge between the psychotic discourse of mania and normal language production.

Antonia White and Manic-Depressive Illness by Patricia Moran

Biography ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 504-508
Author(s):  
Lizzie Hutton
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Illness ◽  
Manic Depressive Illness ◽  
Manic Depressive

Transmission of Manic-Depressive Illness

JAMA ◽  
1973 ◽  
Vol 224 (8) ◽  
pp. 1187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julien Mendlewicz
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Illness ◽  
Manic Depressive Illness ◽  
Manic Depressive

MARITAL RELATIONSHIP IN MANIC-DEPRESSIVE ILLNESS

1971 ◽  
Vol 153 (3) ◽  
pp. 180-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harriet S. Wadeson ◽  
Roy G. Fitzgerald
Keyword(s):  
Marital Relationship ◽  
Depressive Illness ◽  
Manic Depressive Illness ◽  
Manic Depressive
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