Literature Review : Pengaruh Tekhnik Relaksasi Benson Terhadap Nyeri Pada Pasien Post Operasi Benigna Prostat Hyperplasia

Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH) is a progressive enlargement of the prostate gland that can be treated surgery, As a result of the surgery, the patient will usually feel pain. To overcome it, Benson’s relaxation technique could be applied. This relaxation is an action to free mentally and physically from tension and stress so that it can increase tolerance to pain. This study aims to examine the effect of Benson’s relaxation technique on pain in patients with postoperative benign prostate hyperplasia. Since it is a literature review, it has reviewed three articles taken from Google scholar with Benson’s relaxation, pain, and postoperative BPH as the keywords. Those articles are full-text, published in 2010-2020. The result stated the average vaule of pain scalee was 6,24 before the treatment and it reduced into 2,07 after it, with the p-value 0,000. It proved the therapy has effectively reduced oain in patients with postoperative benign prostate hyperplasia. Thus, nurses suggested applying this therapy as an alternative to reduce the problem.Keywords: Benson’s relaxation, pain, postoperative benign prostate hyperplasia AbstrakBenigna Prostat Hyperplasia (BPH) adalah pembesaran progresif dari kelenjar prostat yang dapat diatasi dengan tindakan pembedahan. Akibat dari pembedahan dapat menimbulkan nyeri. Pananganan nyeri salah satunya dengan relaksasi benson. Relaksasi Benson merupakan suatu tindakan untuk membebaskan mental dan fisik dari ketegangan dan stress sehingga dapat meningkatkan toleransi terhadap nyeri. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menggambarkan pengaruh teknik relaksasi benson terhadap penurunan nyeri post operasi BPH berdasarkan literature review. Desain karya tulis ilmiah berupa literature review dengan jumlah tiga artikel yang diambil dari laman google scholar dengan kata kunci “relaksasi benson, nyeri, post operasi BPH,” berupa artikel fulltex, terbit tahun 2010-2020. Hasil dari tiga artikel menujukkan nilai rata-rata skala nyeri sebelum intervensi 6,24 setelah intervensi 2,07 dengan p-value 0,000. Simpulan Terapi Relaksasi Benson efektif untuk menurunkan nyeri pasien post operasi BPH. Saran kepada perawat diharapkan dapat memberikan Teknik Relaksasi Benson sebagai alternatif untuk menurunkan nyeri pada pasien post operasi BPH.Kata kunci: Relaksasi Benson, Nyeri, Post Operasi BPH.

Progressive enlargement of thoracic ossification of the ligamentum flavum in professional baseball pitchers: a report of two cases

Both systemic and local factors might influence the development of ossification of the ligamentum flavum (OLF); however, whether specific physical activities play a role in the development of OLF remains unclear. This report presents two cases of thoracic radiculopathy owing to progressive enlargement of thoracic OLF within a few years in Japanese professional baseball pitchers. Two left-handed, Japanese, professional baseball pitchers in their 20s experienced thoracic radiating pain. Mild hypesthesia of the lower thoracic vertebral levels was observed, and an increase in the size of the OLF within a few years was identified in the lower thoracic spine using computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. Neither patient exhibited myelopathy and were, therefore, treated conservatively. Both patients were able to return to playing in top condition within 4 months after onset. The findings in these cases suggest that thoracic OLF might increase in size and become exacerbated in certain individuals, such as professional pitchers, who experience repeated, localized, mechanical stress on the thoracic spine, irrespective of age.

Left coronary button aneurysm presenting with progressive enlargement after aortic root replacement

Background Aneurysmal degeneration of the coronary button after aortic root replacement using the button technique is a rare but potentially life-threatening complication. However, the appropriate management of this complication, including the indications for conservative and surgical treatment, is still unknown. Case presentation Here we present a 38-year-old woman who successfully underwent surgical repair of a left coronary button aneurysm using the graft interposition technique 24 years after aortic root replacement. Because follow-up computed tomography after aortic root replacement showed a progressively enlarging left coronary button aneurysm, the patient was judged an acceptable candidate for surgical treatment, considering the potential risk of aneurysmal rupture and subsequent myocardial infarction. The postoperative recovery was uneventful. The patient is doing well 1 year after the surgery. Conclusions We believe that serial follow-up using computed tomography is mandatory for coronary button aneurysms, and surgical intervention may be considered if progressive enlargement of the aneurysm is observed, especially in younger patients.

Lateral ventricular stenting as a method of preventing trapped temporal horn following resection of lateral ventricular trigone tumor. Case report and review of literature

Resection of lateral ventricular trigone tumor can lead the development of specific complication like a trapped temporal horn. Secretion of cerebrospinal fluid from the choroid plexus in closed space leads to progressive enlargement of the temporal horn. The enlargement of the temporal horn leads to lateral transtentorial herniation with brain steam compression, which manifested by disorders of consciousness, hemiparesis, memory impairment and loss of visual fields. The proposed stenting technique allows to prevent the development of extended temporal horn and excludes the requirement its treatment in the long-term period. Over the past year, intraoperative stenting have been performed in five cases. In the long-term period none of the patients have had trapped temporal horn. There was no case of stent dysfunction.The article presents a clinical case of ventricular stenting following resection of lateral ventricular trigone tumor.

Isolated Progressive Enlargement of Head Mass as the First Symptom: A Rare Case Report of Cranial Metastasis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Literature Review

Background: This article presents a rare case of skull metastasis of primary hepatocellular carcinoma that manifests the isolated progressive enlargement of the head mass as the first symptom. Case presentation:A 65-year-old female patient presented an isolated painless mass in the head, which grew rapidly over the last month. Head CT revealed a 6.4 cm×5.6cm osteolytic destruction in the right parietal bone. MRI further revealed that the occupation was significantly enhanced in the T1 reinforced phase. The patient underwent total surgical resection. Postoperative pathology confirmed that the head mass was the skull metastasis from hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Conclusion: The case of skull metastasis from primary hepatocellular carcinoma is rare, and HCC patient with intracranial metastasis tends to have a rather poor prognosis. Surgical excision of the metastatic mass and radiotherapy can improve the life quality and prolong the survival time of the patient.

On Decoupling in Banach Spaces

We consider decoupling inequalities for random variables taking values in a Banach space X. We restrict the class of distributions that appear as conditional distributions while decoupling and show that each adapted process can be approximated by a Haar-type expansion in which only the pre-specified conditional distributions appear. Moreover, we show that in our framework a progressive enlargement of the underlying filtration does not affect the decoupling properties (in particular, it does not affect the constants involved). As a special case, we deal with one-sided moment inequalities for decoupled dyadic (i.e., Paley–Walsh) martingales and show that Burkholder–Davis–Gundy-type inequalities for stochastic integrals of X-valued processes can be obtained from decoupling inequalities for X-valued dyadic martingales.

Progressive silicone lymphadenopathy post mastectomy and implant reconstruction for breast cancer

A 56-year-old woman with a 12-year history of recurrent triple-negative invasive carcinoma of the breast presented with progressive enlargement of lymph nodes in the setting of established rupture of the ipsilateral silicone breast implant. Although this was proven to be benign on cytology, its progressive nature led to repeated core biopsies for histology, which were necessary given the high-risk nature of triple-negative breast cancer and the multiple proven previous recurrences. The histology demonstrated features of silicone deposits without evidence of malignancy. This case demonstrates the dilemma in surveillance of high-risk patients with breast cancer who have had previous silicone lymphadenopathy.

Interplay of opposing fate choices stalls oncogenic growth in murine skin epithelium

Skin epithelium can accumulate a high burden of oncogenic mutations without morphological or functional consequences. To investigate the mechanism of oncogenic tolerance, we induced HrasG12V in single murine epidermal cells and followed them long-term. We observed that HrasG12V promotes an early and transient clonal expansion driven by increased progenitor renewal that is replaced with an increase in progenitor differentiation leading to reduced growth. We attribute this dynamic effect to emergence of two populations within oncogenic clones: renewing progenitors along the edge and differentiating ones within the central core. As clone expansion is accompanied by progressive enlargement of the core and diminishment of the edge compartment, the intra-clonal competition between the two populations results in stabilized oncogenic growth. To identify the molecular mechanism of HrasG12V-driven differentiation, we screened known Ras-effector in vivo, and identified Rassf5 as a novel regulator of progenitor fate choice that is necessary and sufficient for oncogene-specific differentiation.

Higher Concentration of Taenia Antigens in the CSF is Related to Slight Ventricle Enlargement and Periventricular Neuronal Decrease in Young Rats

Purpose Experimental models might help understand the pathophysiology of neurocysticercosis-associated hydrocephalus. The present study aimed to compare the extent of hydrocephalus and tissue damage in rats with subarachnoid inoculation of different concentrations of Taenia crassiceps cyst proteins. Methods Sixty young rats were divided into two groups: low- and high-concentration groups. The animals in the low concentration group received 0.02 ml of 2.4 mg/ml T. crassiceps cyst proteins while those in the high concentration group received 0.02 ml of 11.6 mg/ml T. crassiceps cyst proteins. The animals underwent magnetic resonance imaging at 1, 3, and 6 months postinoculation to assess the ventricle volume. Morphological assessment was performed at the end of the observation period. Results Repeated measures of ventricle volumes at 1, 3, and 6 months showed progressive enlargement of the ventricles. At 1 and 3 months, we observed no differences in ventricle volumes between the 2 groups. However, at 6 months, the ventricles were larger in the high concentration group (median = 3.86 mm3, range: 2.37–12.68) compared with the low concentration group (median = 2.00 mm3, range: 0.37–11.57), p = 0.003. The morphological assessment revealed a few inflammatory features in both groups. However, the density of oligodendrocytes and neurons within the periventricular region was lower in the high concentration group (5.18 versus 9.72 for oligodendrocytes and 15.69 versus 21.00 for neurons; p < 0.001 for both). Conclusion Our results suggest that, in rats, a higher concentration of T. crassiceps cyst proteins in the subarachnoid space could induce ventricle enlargement and reduce the number of neurons within the periventricular area.

Rosuvastatin induced gynecomastia: a rare presentation of newer statin

Gynecomastia is a common benign disease characterized by the progressive enlargement of the glandular tissue of the male breast. The etiology may vary and may be physiological, pharmacological, pathological, or even idiopathic. Among men, drug induced gynecomastia may account for 10-20% of cases. Several case reports have associated this condition to the use of statins. However, there are few case reports of rosuvastatin induced gynecomastia have been reported in literature. We describe a 45-year-old male who developed bilateral gynecomastia after one month of rosuvastatin therapy, after switching to a different or less potent statin (atorvastatin), his symptoms resolved with-in one month. Use of the Naranjo adverse drug reaction probability scale indicated a possible relationship between the patient’s development of gynecomastia and rosuvastatin therapy.