Affective Illness in First Degree Relatives, Parental Loss and Family Jointness in Depressive Disorders

1973 ◽  
Vol 122 (570) ◽  
pp. 601-602 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Venkoba Rao
Keyword(s):  
Affective Disorder ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Parental Death ◽  
Depressive Illness ◽  
Parental Loss ◽  
Manic Depressive Illness ◽  
Affective Illness ◽  
First Degree Relatives ◽  
Manic Depressive

Manic-depressive illness is believed to comprise two different clinical entities: Bipolar and Monopolar. This paper aims to study any differences there may be between monopolar and bipolar depressions in respect of three factors: occurrence of affective disorder (including suicide) in first degree relatives; parental death before the patients' twelfth birthday and the extent of ‘jointness' (Khatri, 1970) of the patients' family.

Conditioning and Sensitisation in the Longitudinal Course of Affective Illness

1986 ◽  
Vol 149 (2) ◽  
pp. 191-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert M. Post ◽  
David R. Rubinow ◽  
James C. Ballenger
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Illness ◽  
Manic Depressive Illness ◽  
Conceptual Approach ◽  
Longitudinal Course ◽  
Behavioural Sensitisation ◽  
Affective Illness ◽  
Biological Variables ◽  
Manic Depressive ◽  
Progressive Course

Few biological theories of manic-depressive illness have focused on the longitudinal course of affective dysfunction and the mechanisms underlying its often recurrent and progressive course. The authors discuss two models for the development of progressive behavioural dysfunction—behavioural sensitisation and electrophysiological kindling—as they provide clues to important clinical and biological variables relevant to sensitisation in affective illness. The role of environmental context and conditioning in mediating behavioural and biochemical aspects of this sensitisation is emphasised. The sensitisation models provide a conceptual approach to previously inexplicable clinical phenomena in the longitudinal course of affective illness and may provide a bridge between psychoanalytic/psychosocial and neurobiological formulations of manic-depressive illness.

Family Psychiatric Morbidity, Parental Deprivation and Socio-Economic Status in Cases of Mania

1975 ◽  
Vol 126 (2) ◽  
pp. 191-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. D. Chopra
Keyword(s):  
Affective Disorder ◽  
Psychiatric Illness ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Psychiatric Morbidity ◽  
Parental Death ◽  
Manic Depressive Psychosis ◽  
Socio Economic Status ◽  
First Degree Relatives ◽  
Manic Depressive ◽  
Manic Patients

Manic-depressive psychosis is considered to comprise two different clinical entities, bipolar and monopolar. This dichotomy is based mainly on Western clinical material. The present study aimed at eliciting any differences that might exist between monopolar and bipolar manic patients in respect of three factors: (i) occurrence of psychiatric illness in first degree relatives; (ii) parental death before the patient's 15th birthday; and (iii) socio-economic status of the patient. Venkoba Rao (1973) studied the differences between monopolar and bipolar endogenous depressives on three factors: occurrence of affective disorder (including suicide) in first degree relatives; parental loss before the patient's 12th birthday, and the extent of ‘jointness' of the patient's family.

scholarly journals Doses of carbamazepine and valproate in bipolar affective disorder

1997 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 221-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Taylor ◽  
Denise Duncan
Keyword(s):  
Affective Disorder ◽  
Acute Treatment ◽  
Bipolar Affective Disorder ◽  
Depressive Illness ◽  
British National Formulary ◽  
National Formulary ◽  
Manic Depressive Illness ◽  
Manic Depressive ◽  
The Uk

Carbamazepine and valproate are now well established treatments for bipolar affective disorder (BAD). Both drugs are used in the acute treatment of mania and, more frequently, as longer-term mood stabilisers. The British National Formulary (BNF, Vol. 32, 1996) provides information on the use of carbamazepine in the ‘prophylaxis of manic depressive illness' and suggests that the ‘usual range’ of doses is between 400 mg and 600 mg daily. No guidance on the use of valproate in BAD is given in the BNF because the drug is not licensed for this indication in the UK.

Thyrotoxicosis and the Course of Manic-Depressive Illness

1978 ◽  
Vol 133 (3) ◽  
pp. 219-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. A. Checkley
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Episode ◽  
Alternative Explanation ◽  
Depressive Illness ◽  
Manic Depressive Illness ◽  
Affective Illness ◽  
Manic Depressive

SummaryThe effect of thyrotoxicosis upon the recurrence of manic-depressive psychoses has been studied by the use of a routine follow-up system. In this system 267 patients had three or more affective illnesses. Five of these patients had eight well-documented episodes of thyrotoxicosis. Only three of these eight episodes coincided with an affective illness, and in each case an alternative explanation for the association was available. These findings suggest that thyrotoxicosis has little effect upon the occurrence of a manic-depressive episode.

Parental Loss in Childhood and Onset of Manic-Depressive Illness

1980 ◽  
Vol 136 (1) ◽  
pp. 86-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alec Roy
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Illness ◽  
Parental Loss ◽  
Manic Depressive Illness ◽  
Manic Depressive

SummaryAmong 231 cases of manic-depressive illness parental loss before 17 years was high but was not associated with earlier onset of illness.

Seasonal Affective Illness

2018 ◽  
pp. 311-316
Author(s):  
S. Nassir Ghaemi
Keyword(s):  
Behavioral Interventions ◽  
Light Exposure ◽  
Seasonal Pattern ◽  
Depressive Illness ◽  
The Body ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Manic Depressive Illness ◽  
Affective Illness ◽  
Manic Depressive ◽  
The Impact

Seasonal affective illness is seen as part of the seasonality of affective illness, not as a separate disease. All human beings are sensitive to light; the impact of light is hardwired in neuroanatomy. The body has intricate circadian rhythms that are regulated by the interaction of light with this neuroanatomy. Thus, everyone is affected by light, or its absence. Manic and depressive states, when part of the disease of manic-depressive illness, can have a seasonal pattern, with depression more prevalent in the fall/winter and mania in the spring/summer. The high prevalence of suicide in the spring likely relates to mixed manic states. Treatment with light boxes can be helpful symptomatically. Available studies are summarized. Importantly, light precautions, which involve behavioral interventions to increase or decrease light exposure, can prevent seasonal mood episodes.

The Continuum of Psychosis and its Implication for the Structure of the Gene

1986 ◽  
Vol 149 (4) ◽  
pp. 419-429 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. J. Crow
Keyword(s):  
Tandem Repeats ◽  
Bimodal Distribution ◽  
Depressive Illness ◽  
Manic Depressive Illness ◽  
Affective Illness ◽  
Manic Depressive ◽  
Functional Psychoses ◽  
Genetic Mechanisms ◽  
Degree Of Stability ◽  
The Continuum

Three observations challenge Kraepelin's binary view of the functional psychoses: a bimodal distribution of the clinical features of manic-depressive illness and schizophrenia has not been demonstrated; affective illness appears to predispose to schizophrenia in later generations; and “schizoaffective’ illnesses cannot be separated in family studies from either of the prototypical psychoses. The alternative concept is that psychosis is a continuum extending from unipolar, through bipolar affective illness and schizoaffective psychosis, to typical schizophrenia, with increasing degrees of defect. According to this concept the genes predisposing to psychosis have a degree of stability that ensures that the form of the psychosis tends to remain the same within families, but there is also the possibility of change, implying that the genetic mechanisms themselves are variable. It is proposed that quantal changes in the “virogene’ are due to replications within the genome (e.g. the generation of tandem repeats of the element or a component of it); that such replications occur at a critical stage (e.g. gametogenesis, fertilisation, very early embryogenesis) in the course of reproduction; and that the “season of birth effect’ reflects the operation of the mechanism responsible for these replications.

Some cognitive correlates of affective disorders

1985 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 297-309 ◽  
Author(s):  
Graham Robertson ◽  
Pamela J. Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Affective Disorder ◽  
Affective Disorders ◽  
Depressive Illness ◽  
Cognitive Tests ◽  
Manic Depressive Illness ◽  
Cognitive Correlates ◽  
Manic Depressive ◽  
History Of ◽  
Specific Difficulty

SynopsisSeventy-one men completed a battery of cognitive tests which were designed to reflect verbal analytic and non-verbal holistic functioning. Interest centred around pattern of response. Thirty men were suffering from an affective disorder and forty-one were well. All the men were in prison, the majority awaiting trial. The affective disorder group was subdivided into three categories: men who had a history of manic-depressive illness; a group of unipolar, psychotically depressed men; and men who were regarded as being depressed in reaction to circumstances. All three groups showed specific difficulty in dealing with spatial/holistic tasks, other factors being held constant. They were also found to differ in a number of other respects. The possible significance of these differences is discussed.

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