scholarly journals Schizophrenia and the frontal lobes

2001 ◽  
Vol 178 (4) ◽  
pp. 337-343 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Robin Highley ◽  
Mary A. Walker ◽  
Margaret M. Esiri ◽  
Brendan McDonald ◽  
Paul J. Harrison ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Frontal Lobe ◽  
Inferior Frontal Gyrus ◽  
Frontal Lobes ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Cingulate Gyrus ◽  
Anterior Cingulate Gyrus ◽  
Cavalieri Principle ◽  
Structural Abnormalities ◽  
And Gender

BackgroundIt has been suggested that there is frontal lobe involvement in schizophrenia, and that it may be lateralised and gender-specific.AimsTo clarify the structure of the frontal lobes in schizophrenia in a postmortem series.MethodThe volume of white matter and cortical components of the frontal lobes was measured in brains of controls and patients with schizophrenia using planimetry and the Cavalieri principle. The components measured were: superior frontal gyrus, middle frontal gyrus, a composite of inferior frontal gyrus and orbito-frontal cortex, as well as total frontal lobe cortex and white matter. In addition, the anterior cingulate gyrus was measured.ResultsNo diagnosis, gender, diagnosis × side, diagnosis × gender or diagnosis × gender × side interactions were observed in the volume of any of the components, the grey matter as a whole or the white matter. No evidence for volumetric inter-group differences was found for the anterior cingulate gyrus.ConclusionsSuch structural abnormalities as are present in the frontal lobes are more subtle than straightforward alterations in tissue volume; they may include changes in shape and the pattern of gyral folding.

Altered Functional Connectivity Patterns of Parietal Subregions Contribute to Cognitive Dysfunction in Patients with White Matter Hyperintensities

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Qiang Wei ◽  
Shanshan Cao ◽  
Yang Ji ◽  
Jun Zhang ◽  
Chen Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
White Matter Hyperintensities ◽  
Parietal Lobe ◽  
Small Vessel Disease ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Cingulate Gyrus ◽  
Anterior Cingulate Gyrus ◽  
Resting State Functional Connectivity

Background: The white matter hyperintensities (WMHs) are considered as one of the core neuroimaging findings of cerebral small vessel disease and independently associated with cognitive deficit. The parietal lobe is a heterogeneous area containing many subregions and play an important role in the processes of neurocognition. Objective: To explore the relationship between parietal subregions alterations and cognitive impairments in WHMs. Methods: Resting-state functional connectivity (rs-FC) analyses of parietal subregions were performed in 104 right-handed WMHs patients divided into mild (n = 39), moderate (n = 37), and severe WMHs (n = 28) groups according to the Fazekas scale and 36 healthy controls. Parietal subregions were defined using tractographic Human Brainnetome Atlas and included five subregions for superior parietal lobe, six subregions for inferior parietal lobe (IPL), and three subregions for precuneus. All participants underwent a neuropsychological test battery to evaluate emotional and general cognitive functions. Results: Differences existed between the rs-FC strength of IPL_R_6_2 with the left anterior cingulate gyrus, IPL_R_6_3 with the right dorsolateral superior frontal gyrus, and the IPL_R_6_5 with the left anterior cingulate gyrus. The connectivity strength between IPL_R_6_3 and the left anterior cingulate gyrus were correlated with AVLT-immediate and AVLT-recognition test in WMHs. Conclusion: We explored the roles of parietal subregions in WMHs using rs-FC. The functional connectivity of parietal subregions with the cortex regions showed significant differences between the patients with WMHs and healthy controls which may be associated with cognitive deficits in WMHs.

scholarly journals A Connectomic Atlas of the Human Cerebrum—Chapter 4: The Medial Frontal Lobe, Anterior Cingulate Gyrus, and Orbitofrontal Cortex

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (suppl_1) ◽  
pp. S122-S174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cordell M Baker ◽  
Joshua D Burks ◽  
Robert G Briggs ◽  
Jordan Stafford ◽  
Andrew K Conner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Cortex ◽  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Frontal Lobe ◽  
Orbitofrontal Cortex ◽  
Functional Significance ◽  
Structural Connectivity ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Cingulate Gyrus ◽  
Anterior Cingulate Gyrus ◽  
Human Connectome Project

ABSTRACT In this supplement, we build on work previously published under the Human Connectome Project. Specifically, we show a comprehensive anatomic atlas of the human cerebrum demonstrating all 180 distinct regions comprising the cerebral cortex. The location, functional connectivity, and structural connectivity of these regions are outlined, and where possible a discussion is included of the functional significance of these areas. In part 4, we specifically address regions relevant to the medial frontal lobe, anterior cingulate gyrus, and orbitofrontal cortex.

scholarly journals Emotion Down- and Up-Regulation Act on Spatially Distinct Brain Areas: Interoceptive Regions to Calm Down and Other Affective Regions to Amp Up

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jungwon Min ◽  
Kaoru Nashiro ◽  
Hyun Joo Yoo ◽  
Christine Cho ◽  
Padideh Nasseri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Inferior Frontal Gyrus ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Periventricular White Matter ◽  
Implicit Assumption ◽  
Cingulate Gyrus ◽  
Anterior Cingulate Gyrus ◽  
Down Regulation ◽  
Brain Areas

AbstractPrior studies on emotion regulation identified a set of brain regions specialized for generating and controlling affect. Researchers generally agree that when up- and down-regulating emotion, control regions in the prefrontal cortex turn up or down activity in affect-generating areas. However, the assumption that turning up and down emotions produces opposite effects in the same affect-generating regions is untested. We call this assumption the ‘affective dial hypothesis.’ Our study tested this hypothesis by examining the overlap between the sets of regions activated during up-regulation and those deactivated during down-regulation in a large number of participants (N=105). We found that up- and down-regulation both recruit regulatory regions such as the inferior frontal gyrus and dorsal anterior cingulate gyrus but act on distinct affect-generating regions. While up-regulation increases BOLD signal in regions associated with emotion such as the amygdala, anterior insula, striatum and anterior cingulate gyrus as well as in regions associated with sympathetic vascular activity such as periventricular white matter, down-regulation decreases signal in regions receiving interoceptive input such as the posterior insula and postcentral gyrus. These findings indicate that up- and down-regulation do not generally exert opposing effects on the same affect-generating regions. Instead, they target different brain circuits.Significance StatementMany contexts require modulating one’s own emotions. Identifying the brain areas implementing these regulatory processes should advance understanding emotional disorders and designing potential interventions. The emotion regulation field has an implicit assumption we call the affective dial hypothesis: that both emotion up- and down-regulation modulate the same emotion-generating brain areas. Countering the hypothesis, our findings indicate that up- and down-modulating emotions target different brain areas. Thus, the mechanisms underlying emotion regulation differ more than previously appreciated for up- versus down-regulation. In addition to their theoretical importance, these findings are critical for researchers attempting to target activity in particular brain regions during an emotion regulation intervention.

scholarly journals Astrocyte and Glutamate Markers in the Superficial, Deep, and White Matter Layers of the Anterior Cingulate Gyrus in Schizophrenia

2011 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
pp. 1171-1177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pavel Katsel ◽  
William Byne ◽  
Panos Roussos ◽  
Weilun Tan ◽  
Larry Siever ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Cingulate Gyrus ◽  
Anterior Cingulate Gyrus

Leucotomy to-day

1969 ◽  
Vol 7 (18) ◽  
pp. 71-72
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Frontal Cortex ◽  
Frontal Lobe ◽  
Frontal Lobes ◽  
Emotional Reactions ◽  
Cingulate Gyrus ◽  
Thalamic Nuclei ◽  
Orbital Cortex ◽  
Cortical Areas ◽  
Made In

Leucotomy means sectioning of white matter. In the original operation a wide cut was made in each frontal lobe to sever the connections between the frontal cortex and the dorsomedian thalamic nuclei. Modifications have aimed at interrupting specific connections of the frontal lobe or at isolating restricted cortical areas believed to be important in generating emotional reactions. For example, a bimedial leucotomy was developed to isolate the medial and inferior portions of the frontal lobes.1 Other operations isolate the inferior or orbital cortex by incision or stereotaxis,2–4 or remove the cingulate gyrus under direct vision or destroy it stereotactically.

In-vivo topography of structural alterations of the anterior cingulate gyrus in schizophrenia

2007 ◽  
Vol 40 (05) ◽  
Author(s):  
T Zetzsche ◽  
UW Preuss ◽  
T Frodl ◽  
D Watz ◽  
G Schmitt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Cingulate Gyrus ◽  
Anterior Cingulate Gyrus ◽  
Structural Alterations

Brain reactivity to humorous films is affected by insomnia

SLEEP ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ernesto Sanz-Arigita ◽  
Yannick Daviaux ◽  
Marc Joliot ◽  
Bixente Dilharreguy ◽  
Jean-Arthur Micoulaud-Franchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Reactivity ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Brain Network ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Neural Representation ◽  
Cingulate Gyrus ◽  
Anterior Cingulate Gyrus ◽  
Left Caudate ◽  
Neural Reactivity ◽  
The Right

Abstract Study objectives Emotional reactivity to negative stimuli has been investigated in insomnia, but little is known about emotional reactivity to positive stimuli and its neural representation. Methods We used 3T fMRI to determine neural reactivity during the presentation of standardized short, 10-40-s, humorous films in insomnia patients (n=20, 18 females, aged 27.7 +/- 8.6 years) and age-matched individuals without insomnia (n=20, 19 females, aged 26.7 +/- 7.0 years), and assessed humour ratings through a visual analogue scale (VAS). Seed-based functional connectivity was analysed for left and right amygdala networks: group-level mixed-effects analysis (FLAME; FSL) was used to compare amygdala connectivity maps between groups. Results fMRI seed-based analysis of the amygdala revealed stronger neural reactivity in insomnia patients than in controls in several brain network clusters within the reward brain network, without humour rating differences between groups (p = 0.6). For left amygdala connectivity, cluster maxima were in the left caudate (Z=3.88), left putamen (Z=3.79) and left anterior cingulate gyrus (Z=4.11), while for right amygdala connectivity, cluster maxima were in the left caudate (Z=4.05), right insula (Z=3.83) and left anterior cingulate gyrus (Z=4.29). Cluster maxima of the right amygdala network were correlated with hyperarousal scores in insomnia patients only. Conclusions Presentation of humorous films leads to increased brain activity in the neural reward network for insomnia patients compared to controls, related to hyperarousal features in insomnia patients, in the absence of humor rating group differences. These novel findings may benefit insomnia treatment interventions.

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