Associations of psychotic-like experiences, related symptoms, and working memory with functioning

Abstract This study examined the association of spatial working memory and attenuated psychotic-like experiences and related symptoms with social and role functioning. Findings from this study suggest that symptom dimensions and working memory impairment were associated with diminished functioning across a variety of domains. Specifically, negative symptoms and working memory impairment were inversely associated with both social and role functioning, whereas positive and disorganized symptoms showed inverse associations with social functioning only. Symptom dimensions did not moderate cognitive and functional variables, although working memory and attenuated clinical symptoms had an additive effect on functioning. Post-hoc analyses examining symptom dimensions simultaneously showed negative symptoms to be the variable most strongly predictive of overall functioning. These findings suggest that even in a non-clinical sample, sub-threshold psychosis symptoms and cognition may influence people’s social and role functioning.

Download Full-text

Decreased processing speed might account for working memory span deficit in schizophrenia, and might mediate the associations between working memory span and clinical symptoms

European Psychiatry ◽

10.1016/j.eurpsy.2014.02.009 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 29 (8) ◽

pp. 473-478 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

G. Brébion ◽

C. Stephan-Otto ◽

E. Huerta-Ramos ◽

J. Usall ◽

M. Perez del Olmo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Working Memory ◽

Processing Speed ◽

Memory Impairment ◽

Negative Symptoms ◽

Memory Span ◽

Clinical Symptoms ◽

Verbal Working Memory ◽

Motor Speed ◽

Speed Measure ◽

Cognitive Speed

AbstractObjectiveVerbal working memory span is decreased in patients with schizophrenia, and this might contribute to impairment in higher cognitive functions as well as to the formation of certain clinical symptoms. Processing speed has been identified as a crucial factor in cognitive efficiency in this population. We tested the hypothesis that decreased processing speed underlies the verbal working memory deficit in patients and mediates the associations between working memory span and clinical symptoms.MethodForty-nine schizophrenia inpatients recruited from units for chronic and acute patients, and forty-five healthy participants, were involved in the study. Verbal working memory span was assessed by means of the letter-number span. The Digit Copy test was used to assess motor speed, and the Digit Symbol Substitution Test to assess cognitive speed.ResultsThe working memory span was significantly impaired in patients (F(1,90) = 4.6, P < 0.05). However, the group difference was eliminated when either the motor or the cognitive speed measure was controlled (F(1,89) = 0.03, P = 0.86, and F(1,89) = 0.03, P = 0.88). In the patient group, working memory span was significantly correlated with negative symptoms (r = –0.52, P < 0.0001) and thought disorganisation (r = –0.34, P < 0.025) scores. Regression analyses showed that the association with negative symptoms was no longer significant when the motor speed measure was controlled (β = –0.12, P = 0.20), while the association with thought disorganisation was no longer significant when the cognitive speed measure was controlled (β = –0.10, P = 0.26).ConclusionsDecrement in motor and cognitive speed plays a significant role in both the verbal working memory impairment observed in patients and the associations between verbal working memory impairment and clinical symptoms.

Download Full-text

P2-603: MEAN ARTERIAL BLOOD PRESSURE (MABP) IS ASSOCIATED WITH SPATIAL WORKING MEMORY PERFORMANCE VIA AN EFFECT UPON FORNIX MICROSTRUCTURE IN OLDER ADULTS WITH AGE-ASSOCIATED MEMORY IMPAIRMENT (AAMI)

Alzheimer s & Dementia ◽

10.1016/j.jalz.2019.06.3013 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 15 ◽

pp. P855-P856

Author(s):

Jeffery Michael Reddan ◽

David White ◽

Ajay S. Kurani ◽

Andrew Pipingas ◽

Helen Macpherson ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Older Adults ◽

Working Memory ◽

Arterial Blood Pressure ◽

Mean Arterial Blood Pressure ◽

Memory Impairment ◽

Spatial Working Memory ◽

Memory Performance ◽

Arterial Blood

Download Full-text

The efficacy of cariprazine in negative symptoms of schizophrenia: Post hoc analyses of PANSS individual items and PANSS-derived factors

European Psychiatry ◽

10.1016/j.eurpsy.2019.01.015 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 58 ◽

pp. 1-9 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Wolfgang Fleischhacker ◽

Silvana Galderisi ◽

István Laszlovszky ◽

Balázs Szatmári ◽

Ágota Barabássy ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Negative Symptom ◽

Repeated Measures ◽

Negative Symptoms ◽

Social Withdrawal ◽

Partial Agonist ◽

Factor Models ◽

Symptom Improvement ◽

Symptom Dimensions ◽

Intent To Treat ◽

Post Hoc

AbstractBackground:Negative symptoms in schizophrenia are heterogeneous and multidimensional; effective treatments are lacking. Cariprazine, a dopamine D3-preferring D3/D2 receptor partial agonist and serotonin 5-HT1A receptor partial agonist, was significantly more effective than risperidone in treating negative symptoms in a prospectively designed trial in patients with schizophrenia and persistent, predominant negative symptoms.Methods:Using post hoc analyses, we evaluated change from baseline at week 26 in individual items of the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) and PANSS-derived factor models using a mixed-effects model for repeated measures (MMRM) in the intent-to-treat (ITT) population (cariprazine = 227; risperidone = 227).Results:Change from baseline was significantly different in favor of cariprazine versus risperidone on PANSS items N1-N5 (blunted affect, emotional withdrawal, poor rapport, passive/apathetic social withdrawal, difficulty in abstract thinking) (P <.05), but not on N6 (lack of spontaneity/flow of conversation) or N7 (stereotyped thinking). On all PANSS-derived negative symptom factor models evaluated (PANSS-Factor Score for Negative Symptoms, Liemburg factors, Khan factors, Pentagonal Structure Model Negative Symptom factor), statistically significant improvement was demonstrated for cariprazine versus risperidone (P <.01). Small and similar changes in positive/depressive/EPS symptoms suggested that negative symptom improvement was not pseudospecific. Change from baseline was significantly different for cariprazine versus risperidone on PANSS-based factors evaluating other relevant symptom domains (disorganized thoughts, prosocial function, cognition; P <.05).Conclusions:Since items representing different negative symptom dimensions may represent different fundamental pathophysiological mechanisms, significant improvement versus risperidone on most PANSS Negative Subscale items and across all PANSS-derived factors suggests broad-spectrum efficacy for cariprazine in treating negative symptoms of schizophrenia.

Download Full-text

Glucagon-like peptide-2 rescues memory impairments and neuropathological changes in a mouse model of dementia induced by the intracerebroventricular administration of streptozotocin

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-019-50167-3 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Sachie Sasaki-Hamada ◽

Masaatsu Ikeda ◽

Jun-Ichiro Oka

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Working Memory ◽

Memory Impairment ◽

Spatial Working Memory ◽

Thiobarbituric Acid ◽

Intracerebroventricular Administration ◽

Sporadic Alzheimer’S Disease ◽

Memory Impairments ◽

Glucagon Like Peptide ◽

Induced Changes

Abstract Glucagon-like peptide 2 (GLP-2) is derived from the proglucagon gene expressed in the intestines, pancreas and brain. Our previous study showed that GLP-2 improved lipopolysaccharide-induced memory impairments. The current study was designed to further investigated the potential of GLP-2 in memory impairment induced by intracerebroventricular administration of streptozotocin (ICV-STZ) in mice, which have been used as an animal model of sporadic Alzheimer’s disease (AD). STZ was administered on alternate days (Day-1 and Day-3) in order to induce dementia in male ddY mice. ICV-STZ-treated mice were administered GLP-2 (0.6 μg/mouse, ICV) for 5 days from 14 days after the first ICV administration of STZ. In these mice, we examined spatial working memory, the biochemical parameters of oxidative stress, or neurogenesis. The GLP-2 treatment restored spatial working memory in ICV-STZ-treated mice. ICV-STZ-treated mice showed markedly increased thiobarbituric acid reactive species (TBARS) and decreased glutathione (GSH) levels, and GLP-2 significantly restored these ICV-STZ-induced changes. GLP-2 also significantly restored neurogenesis in the subgranular zone of the dentate gyrus in ICV-STZ-treated mice. We herein demonstrated that GLP-2 significantly restored ICV-STZ-induced memory impairments as well as biochemical and histopathological alterations, and accordingly, propose that the memory restorative ability of GLP-2 is due to its potential to reduce oxidative stress.

Download Full-text

Spatial working memory deficits and their relationship to negative symptoms in unmedicated schizophrenia patients

Biological Psychiatry ◽

10.1016/s0006-3223(96)00350-2 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 40 (9) ◽

pp. 930-932 ◽

Cited By ~ 121

Author(s):

Cameron Carter ◽

Lynn Robertson ◽

Thomas Nordahl ◽

Marc Chaderjian ◽

Louis Kraft ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Working Memory ◽

Negative Symptoms ◽

Spatial Working Memory ◽

Memory Deficits

Download Full-text

Inhibitory control and spatial working memory: A saccadic eye movement study of negative symptoms in schizophrenia

Psychiatry Research ◽

10.1016/j.psychres.2007.02.004 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 157 (1-3) ◽

pp. 9-19 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Caroline Winograd-Gurvich ◽

Paul B. Fitzgerald ◽

Nellie Georgiou-Karistianis ◽

Lyn Millist ◽

Owen White

Keyword(s):

Working Memory ◽

Eye Movement ◽

Inhibitory Control ◽

Negative Symptoms ◽

Spatial Working Memory ◽

Saccadic Eye Movement ◽

Movement Study

Download Full-text

Spatial working memory deficits and clinical symptoms in schizophrenia: a 4-month follow-up study

Biological Psychiatry ◽

10.1016/s0006-3223(98)00370-9 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 46 (3) ◽

pp. 392-400 ◽

Cited By ~ 98

Author(s):

Sohee Park ◽

Jörg Püschel ◽

Barbara H Sauter ◽

Markus Rentsch ◽

Daniel Hell

Keyword(s):

Working Memory ◽

Spatial Working Memory ◽

Clinical Symptoms ◽

Memory Deficits ◽

Follow Up Study

Download Full-text

Not All Distraction Is Bad: Working Memory Vulnerability to Implicit Socioemotional Distraction Correlates with Negative Symptoms and Functional Impairment in Psychosis

Schizophrenia Research and Treatment ◽

10.1155/2014/320948 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2014 ◽

pp. 1-6

Author(s):

Quintino R. Mano ◽

Gregory G. Brown ◽

Heline Mirzakhanian ◽

Khalima Bolden ◽

Kristen S. Cadenhead ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Working Memory ◽

Functional Status ◽

Functional Impairment ◽

Global Assessment ◽

Negative Symptoms ◽

Role Functioning ◽

Global Assessment Of Functioning ◽

Match To Sample ◽

Task Irrelevant ◽

Load Size

This study investigated implicit socioemotional modulation of working memory (WM) in the context of symptom severity and functional status in individuals with psychosis (N=21). A delayed match-to-sample task was modified wherein task-irrelevant facial distracters were presented early and briefly during the rehearsal of pseudoword memoranda that varied incrementally in load size (1, 2, or 3 syllables). Facial distracters displayed happy, sad, or emotionally neutral expressions. Implicit socioemotional modulation of WM was indexed by subtracting task accuracy on nonfacial geometrical distraction trials from facial distraction trials. Results indicated that the amount of implicit socioemotional modulation ofhighWM load accuracy was significantly associated with negative symptoms (r=0.63,P<0.01), role functioning (r=−0.50,P<0.05), social functioning (r=−0.55,P<0.01), and global assessment of functioning (r=−0.53,P<0.05). Specifically,greaterattentional distraction ofhighWM load was associated withlesssevere symptoms and functional impairment. This study demonstrates the importance of the WM-socioemotional interface in influencing clinical and psychosocial functional status in psychosis.

Download Full-text