Innervation of Vasa Nervorum

Author(s):  
Kumud K. Dhital ◽  
Otto Appenzeller
Keyword(s):  
Author(s):  
John L. Beggs ◽  
Peter C. Johnson ◽  
Astrid G. Olafsen ◽  
C. Jane Watkins

The blood supply (vasa nervorum) to peripheral nerves is composed of an interconnected dual circulation. The endoneurium of nerve fascicles is maintained by the intrinsic circulation which is composed of microvessels primarily of capillary caliber. Transperineurial arterioles link the intrinsic circulation with the extrinsic arterial supply located in the epineurium. Blood flow in the vasa nervorum is neurogenically influenced (1,2). Although a recent hypothesis proposes that endoneurial blood flow is controlled by the action of autonomic nerve fibers associated with epineurial arterioles (2), our recent studies (3) show that in addition to epineurial arterioles other segments of the vasa nervorum are also innervated. In this study, we examine blood vessels of the endoneurium for possible innervation.


2001 ◽  
Vol 172 (2) ◽  
pp. 398-406 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmet Höke ◽  
Hong S. Sun ◽  
Tessa Gordon ◽  
Douglas W. Zochodne

1985 ◽  
Vol 67 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 121-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Marbini ◽  
F. Gemignani ◽  
G. Ferrarini ◽  
S. Maccari ◽  
B. Lucci ◽  
...  

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladimir Musil ◽  
Josef Stingl ◽  
Tomas Vanek ◽  
Jitka Riedlova ◽  
Zdenek Suchomel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 583-588 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adnan I. Qureshi ◽  
Muhammad A. Saleem ◽  
Asad Ahrar ◽  
Faisal Raja

Author(s):  
Lívia Almeida Dutra
Keyword(s):  

A polineuropatia periférica é uma afecção neurológica frequente, de apresentação clínica e etiologia variada. O nervo periférico é constituído por fibras nervosas mielínicas (grossas e finas) e amielínicas, organizadas em fascículos nervosos recobertas pelo perineuro. Externamente, o nervo é recoberto pelo epineuro e nutrido por vasos sanguíneos denominados vasa nervorum. As fibras mielínicas são constituídas por axônios de neurônios envolvidos pelas células de Schwann, que desempenham papel fundamental na formação da bainha de mielina, importante na velocidade da condução nervosa através da condução saltatória. Quanto maior o diâmetro da fibra nervosa, maior a velocidade da condução. Desta forma, as fibras mielínicas grossas estão envolvidas na transmissão de estímulos motores e propriocepção, enquanto fibras finas mielinizadas estão envolvidas na condução de estímulo tátil, dor e função autonômica pré-ganglionar. As fibras amielínicas estão envolvidas na dor e na função autonômica pós-ganglionar. Devido a esta compartimentalização da transmissão nervosa, os pacientes podem apresentar sintomas puramente sensitivos ou motores, ou ainda envolvimento predominante da sensibilidade profunda, levando ao desequilíbrio e à incoordenação, fenômeno denominado ataxia sensitiva. Pacientes portadores de polineuropatias podem apresentar sintomas positivos descritos como queimação, dor, parestesia, formigamento, alodinia, hiperalgesia; ou ainda sintomas negativos, como anestesia e ataxia. Também é importante avaliar a função autonômica questionando na história clínica a presença de saciedade precoce, constipação, diarreia, incontinência, impotência sexual, hiper-hidrose, anidrose, hipotensão postural, extremidades frias, alterações tróficas em membros e disautonomia.


Circulation ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 116 (suppl_16) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyongbum Kim ◽  
Yong Jin Choi ◽  
Jong-seon Park ◽  
Masaaki Ii ◽  
Marcy Silver ◽  
...  

Background: Bone marrow (BM)-derived mononuclear cells (MNCs) have been shown to effectively treat ischemic cardiovascular diseases. Recent evidence suggested that diabetic neuropathy (DN) is causally related to impaired angio-vasculogenesis in vasa nervorum and deficiency of angiogenic and neurotrophic factors. Accordingly, we sought to investigate whether DN can be ameliorated by local injection of BM-derived MNCs. Methods and Results: A severe peripheral neuropathy, characterized by significant slowing of motor nerve conduction velocities (MCV) developed 12 wks after the induction of diabetes with streptozotocin in Fisher rats (vs normal rats; 46.6±2.6 vs 32.0±2.5 m/s, P < 0.05). These rats were randomly assigned to MNC or saline injection groups (n = 9, each group) and received either 5x106 MNCs or saline intramuscularly around the sciatic nerves. In the MNC group, MCV were significantly improved within 4 wks after treatment (MNC vs Saline, 41.9±3.2 vs 32.7±2.8 m/s, P < 0.01). Microvascular circulation of sciatic nerve, measured by laser Doppler perfusion imaging was markedly increased only in the MNC group. Capillary density at 4 wks was significantly higher in the MNC group than in the saline group (68±5.9 vs 37±4.4 /cross section, P < 0.01). Robust engraftment of MNCs were observed in sciatic nerves, which sustained over 4 wks. A fraction of engrafted MNCs expressed endothelial markers suggestive of transdifferentiation into endothelial cells in the vasa nervorum. Intriguingly, a large number of the engrafted MNCs are following the course of vasa nervorum in close proximity. Real-time RT-PCR on sciatic nerves revealed that the expression of angio-neurotrophic factors were significantly increased in the MNC group compared to the saline group: VEGF (2.1 fold), FGF-2 (2.4), eNOS (18.1), Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (35.1), IGF-1 (25.5) (all P < 0.05). The protein levels were well correlated with mRNA expression levels. Conclusion: Local transplantation of BM-derived MNCs could improve experimental DN by augmenting neovascularization and increasing angiogenic and neurotrophic factors in peripheral nerves. These findings suggest that BM-MNC transplantation may represent a novel therapeutic option for treating DN.


Rheumatology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 59 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. iii55-iii59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lionel Ginsberg

Abstract Peripheral neuropathy is a common feature of systemic vasculitis and can also occur when vessel wall inflammation is confined to the vasa nervorum, as a tissue-specific condition—non-systemic vasculitic neuropathy (NSVN). Typically, the clinical picture in both systemic and non-systemic cases is of a lower limb predominant, distal, asymmetric or multifocal neuropathy, which is painful and subacute in onset. For NSVN, nerve biopsy is required to make the diagnosis, and nerve biopsy also has a role when vasculitic neuropathy is suspected and a systemic process has not yet declared itself. Early recognition of the disorder is important, because it is treatable, and without treatment potentially disabling, or even lethal if part of an undiagnosed systemic process. Treatment is generally with combination therapy (glucocorticoid plus other immunosuppressant), after which motor and sensory recovery are likely to occur, albeit slowly, but the patient may be left with chronic neuropathic pain.


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