Factors affecting the accuracy of characteristic maximum load effects

2021 ◽  
pp. 143-184
Author(s):  
Eugene OBrien ◽  
Donya Hajializadeh ◽  
Bernard Enright ◽  
Cathal Leahy
Keyword(s):  
Maximum Load ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Load Effects ◽  
Characteristic Maximum

scholarly journals Lifetime maximum load effects on short-span bridges subject to growing traffic volumes

2014 ◽  
Vol 50 ◽  
pp. 113-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.J. OBrien ◽  
A. Bordallo-Ruiz ◽  
B. Enright
Keyword(s):  
Maximum Load ◽  
Traffic Volumes ◽  
Load Effects ◽  
Short Span

Mechanical Factors Affecting Stress Corrosion Crack Growth Rates in Buried Pipelines

2000 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. B. Lambert ◽  
J. A. Beavers ◽  
B. Delanty ◽  
R. Sutherby ◽  
A. Plumtree
Keyword(s):  
Crack Growth ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Electrical Potential ◽  
Potential Drop ◽  
Maximum Load ◽  
Load Test ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Transgranular Crack ◽  
Groundwater Environment ◽  
Crack Growth Rates

Over the past several years, investigations have been carried out into the rate of crack growth in pipeline steels in simulated, near-neutral pH, groundwater environment (NS4 solution). Pre-cracked specimens were subject to constant amplitude loading under various frequencies, maximum loads and R-ratios (minimum/maximum load). Test times varied from about 20 to 400 days. Transgranular crack features, similar to those found in service, have been observed. The extent of crack growth was monitored using either electrical potential drop or detailed metallographic examinations at two laboratories. The resulting crack growth rates from both labs are consistent with a superposition model based on a summation of fatigue (Paris Law) and static (SCC) crack growth rates. Differences between the results at the two laboratories are discussed.

The impact of heavy vehicle platoons on bridge traffic loads

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Sjaarda ◽  
Alain Nussbaumer
Keyword(s):  
Autonomous Vehicles ◽  
Maximum Load ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Traffic Loads ◽  
Weigh In Motion ◽  
Traffic Stream ◽  
Load Effects ◽  
Reduce Emissions ◽  
Vehicle Platoons ◽  
The Impact

<p>Traffic experts expect that interconnected autonomous vehicles will be implemented on roads in the near future to reduce emissions and to increase safety on roads [1], [2]. Since the navigation of vehicles in platoons is highly time synchronized, current inter-vehicle distances will decrease. Simulations have been conducted to measure the effect of platoons on bridge traffic loads in this study. Information regarding vehicle characteristics in current traffic is gathered using weigh-in- motion (WIM) technology so that synthetic traffic may be generated. Platoons are created through a “swapping” algorithm; the result is a traffic stream with platoons, and an otherwise equivalent basic traffic stream. A library of bridge influence lines is then subjected to each traffic stream to observe the effects of platoons on maximum load effects. The goal is to provide policy-makers and bridge authorities with the knowledge to make wise decisions during this transportation revolution.</p>

A Study of Load Comparison of Two- and Three-Bladed Rotor Wind Turbines

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jin Woo Lee ◽  
Brett Andersen ◽  
Musarrat Jehan ◽  
Abdollah Afjeh ◽  
Efstratios Nikolaidis
Keyword(s):  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Fatigue Damage ◽  
Wind Turbines ◽  
Maximum Load ◽  
Blade Design ◽  
Baseline Design ◽  
Design Load ◽  
Load Effects ◽  
Bladed Rotor ◽  
Simulation Results

In this study, load effects of identically rated power two- and three-bladed rotor wind turbines are computed and compared using the requirements of the IEC61400-3 standard. The two-bladed turbine includes a teeter mechanism. Moreover, an improved blade design is considered for the two-bladed turbine. A series of wind turbine operational simulations was performed for the wind turbine models under selected design load cases of IEC61400-3 standard. Loads were computed using the FAST code. The series of simulations were driven and post-processed using the FAST_SM code. Additionally, fatigue damages of the two- and three-bladed rotor wind turbines were computed. The study showed that the maximum load effects and fatigue damage of the two-bladed wind turbine generally increased compared to the three-bladed turbine. The simulation results also showed that the baseline design blade of the two-bladed wind turbine requires improvement in order to sustain the computed large load effects.

DESIGN WIND PRESSURE COEFFICIENTS FOR LOW-RISE GABLE-ROOFED STEEL BUILDINGS

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Seiya Gunji ◽  
Kosuke Sato ◽  
Yasushi Uematsu
Keyword(s):  
Time History ◽  
Bending Moment ◽  
Maximum Load ◽  
Wind Pressure ◽  
Steel Buildings ◽  
Wind Force ◽  
Pressure Coefficients ◽  
History Of ◽  
Load Effects ◽  
Building Standards

The present paper discusses the wind pressure coefficients for the main wind force resisting systems of low-rise gable-roofed steel buildings, based on a wind tunnel experiment and a two-dimensional frame analysis. The wind pressure coefficients should be determined so that they reproduce the maximum load effects. Here, focus is on the bending moments involved in the members as the load effects. The Load Response Correlation (LRC) method is employed for evaluating the equivalent static wind pressure coefficients. Using the time history of wind pressure coefficients, the maximum load effects were computed for all combinations of frame location and wind direction. The results indicate that the most critical condition occurs on the windward frame in a diagonal wind. The largest bending moment was compared with that predicted from the wind pressure coefficients specified in the Japanese building standards, which are based on the area-averaged mean wind pressure coefficients. Finally, more reasonable wind pressure coefficients for designing the main wind force resisting systems are proposed.

scholarly journals Intellectualization of determination of electrical loads in city electric networks

2019 ◽  
Vol 139 ◽  
pp. 01072 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.G. Saidkhodjaev ◽  
B. Kh. Ametova ◽  
M. M. Mamutov
Keyword(s):  
Maximum Load ◽  
Electric Networks ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
New Methods ◽  
Electrical Loads

This article illustrates new methods for automatically fixing and determining the calculation loads of electrical consumers, in particular the maximum load. The accuracy in the calculations is increased taking into account several factors affecting the maximum load values. It also offers a method and algorithm determination of the maximum electrical loads in urban electrical loads.

Progress In The Practical Application Of Automated Image Analysis To Tem Negatives

1977 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 214-217
Author(s):  
F. A. Heckman ◽  
E. Redman ◽  
J.E. Connolly
Keyword(s):  
Image Analysis ◽  
Image Quality ◽  
Exposure Time ◽  
Image Contrast ◽  
Automated Image Analysis ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
High Image Quality ◽  
Qualitative Evidence ◽  
Comprehensive Study

In our initial publication on this subject1) we reported results demonstrating that contrast is the most important factor in producing the high image quality required for reliable image analysis. We also listed the factors which enhance contrast in order of the experimentally determined magnitude of their effect. The two most powerful factors affecting image contrast attainable with sheet film are beam intensity and KV. At that time we had only qualitative evidence for the ranking of enhancing factors. Later we carried out the densitometric measurements which led to the results outlined below.Meaningful evaluations of the cause-effect relationships among the considerable number of variables in preparing EM negatives depend on doing things in a systematic way, varying only one parameter at a time. Unless otherwise noted, we adhered to the following procedure evolved during our comprehensive study:Philips EM-300; 30μ objective aperature; magnification 7000- 12000X, exposure time 1 second, anti-contamination device operating.

Factors affecting microstructural scale in liquid crystalline polymers

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 220-221
Author(s):  
Christine M. Dannels ◽  
Christopher Viney
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Crystalline ◽  
Liquid Crystalline Polymers ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Crystalline Polymers ◽  
Thermal Expansion Coefficients ◽  
Low Thermal Expansion ◽  
Lower Viscosity ◽  
Fine Microstructure ◽  
Planar Orientation ◽  
Strength And Stiffness

Processing polymers from the liquid crystalline state offers several advantages compared to processing from conventional fluids. These include: better axial strength and stiffness in fibers, better planar orientation in films, lower viscosity during processing, low solidification shrinkage of injection moldings (thermotropic processing), and low thermal expansion coefficients. However, the compressive strength of the solid is disappointing. Previous efforts to improve this property have focussed on synthesizing stiffer molecules. The effect of microstructural scale has been overlooked, even though its relevance to the mechanical and physical properties of more traditional materials is well established. By analogy with the behavior of metals and ceramics, one would expect a fine microstructure (i..e. a high density of orientational defects) to be desirable.Also, because much microstructural detail in liquid crystalline polymers occurs on a scale close to the wavelength of light, light is scattered on passing through these materials.

Factors affecting dentist participation in a state Medicaid program

1990 ◽  
Vol 54 (11) ◽  
pp. 638-643 ◽  
Author(s):  
PC Damiano ◽  
ER Brown ◽  
JD Johnson ◽  
JP Scheetz
Keyword(s):  
Medicaid Program ◽  
Factors Affecting
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