Lifetime maximum load effects on short-span bridges subject to growing traffic volumes

Humans as users of transportation modes, of course, want the ability of vehicles that are able to carry as much cargo as possible and on the fastest trip. This condition often results in the vehicle carrying the maximum load even exceeding the carrying capacity. On this basis and to maximize the results of data collection in the form of traffic volumes and vehicle loads, it is necessary to attempt to check the load of vehicles or trucks passing through the road without causing queues and congestion. To that can be done using a dynamic weighbridge which utilize methods of Weigh In Motion (WIM). The WIM system is equipped with the ability to measure vehicle loads when the truck runs at a certain speed through sensors placed below the road surface. The results showed that the WIM prototype can measure the speed and weight of the vehicle running successfully, the measurement results of running vehicle loads have an average error of 14.9%.

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The impact of heavy vehicle platoons on bridge traffic loads

10.2749/ghent.2021.0700 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Matthew Sjaarda ◽

Alain Nussbaumer

Keyword(s):

Autonomous Vehicles ◽

Maximum Load ◽

Policy Makers ◽

Traffic Loads ◽

Weigh In Motion ◽

Traffic Stream ◽

Load Effects ◽

Reduce Emissions ◽

Vehicle Platoons ◽

The Impact

<p>Traffic experts expect that interconnected autonomous vehicles will be implemented on roads in the near future to reduce emissions and to increase safety on roads [1], [2]. Since the navigation of vehicles in platoons is highly time synchronized, current inter-vehicle distances will decrease. Simulations have been conducted to measure the effect of platoons on bridge traffic loads in this study. Information regarding vehicle characteristics in current traffic is gathered using weigh-in- motion (WIM) technology so that synthetic traffic may be generated. Platoons are created through a “swapping” algorithm; the result is a traffic stream with platoons, and an otherwise equivalent basic traffic stream. A library of bridge influence lines is then subjected to each traffic stream to observe the effects of platoons on maximum load effects. The goal is to provide policy-makers and bridge authorities with the knowledge to make wise decisions during this transportation revolution.</p>

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Factors affecting the accuracy of characteristic maximum load effects

10.1201/9780429318849-6 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 143-184

Author(s):

Eugene OBrien ◽

Donya Hajializadeh ◽

Bernard Enright ◽

Cathal Leahy

Keyword(s):

Maximum Load ◽

Factors Affecting ◽

Load Effects ◽

Characteristic Maximum

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Prediction of bridge maximum load effects under growing traffic using non-stationary bayesian method

Engineering Structures ◽

10.1016/j.engstruct.2019.01.085 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 185 ◽

pp. 171-183 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Yang Yu ◽

C.S. Cai ◽

Wei He ◽

Hui Peng

Keyword(s):

Bayesian Method ◽

Maximum Load ◽

Load Effects

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A Study of Load Comparison of Two- and Three-Bladed Rotor Wind Turbines

Volume 6B: Energy ◽

10.1115/imece2014-37171 ◽

2014 ◽

Author(s):

Jin Woo Lee ◽

Brett Andersen ◽

Musarrat Jehan ◽

Abdollah Afjeh ◽

Efstratios Nikolaidis

Keyword(s):

Wind Turbine ◽

Fatigue Damage ◽

Wind Turbines ◽

Maximum Load ◽

Blade Design ◽

Baseline Design ◽

Design Load ◽

Load Effects ◽

Bladed Rotor ◽

Simulation Results

In this study, load effects of identically rated power two- and three-bladed rotor wind turbines are computed and compared using the requirements of the IEC61400-3 standard. The two-bladed turbine includes a teeter mechanism. Moreover, an improved blade design is considered for the two-bladed turbine. A series of wind turbine operational simulations was performed for the wind turbine models under selected design load cases of IEC61400-3 standard. Loads were computed using the FAST code. The series of simulations were driven and post-processed using the FAST_SM code. Additionally, fatigue damages of the two- and three-bladed rotor wind turbines were computed. The study showed that the maximum load effects and fatigue damage of the two-bladed wind turbine generally increased compared to the three-bladed turbine. The simulation results also showed that the baseline design blade of the two-bladed wind turbine requires improvement in order to sustain the computed large load effects.

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DESIGN WIND PRESSURE COEFFICIENTS FOR LOW-RISE GABLE-ROOFED STEEL BUILDINGS

Proceedings of International Structural Engineering and Construction ◽

10.14455/isec.res.2020.7(1).str-40 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Seiya Gunji ◽

Kosuke Sato ◽

Yasushi Uematsu

Keyword(s):

Time History ◽

Bending Moment ◽

Maximum Load ◽

Wind Pressure ◽

Steel Buildings ◽

Wind Force ◽

Pressure Coefficients ◽

History Of ◽

Load Effects ◽

Building Standards

The present paper discusses the wind pressure coefficients for the main wind force resisting systems of low-rise gable-roofed steel buildings, based on a wind tunnel experiment and a two-dimensional frame analysis. The wind pressure coefficients should be determined so that they reproduce the maximum load effects. Here, focus is on the bending moments involved in the members as the load effects. The Load Response Correlation (LRC) method is employed for evaluating the equivalent static wind pressure coefficients. Using the time history of wind pressure coefficients, the maximum load effects were computed for all combinations of frame location and wind direction. The results indicate that the most critical condition occurs on the windward frame in a diagonal wind. The largest bending moment was compared with that predicted from the wind pressure coefficients specified in the Japanese building standards, which are based on the area-averaged mean wind pressure coefficients. Finally, more reasonable wind pressure coefficients for designing the main wind force resisting systems are proposed.

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An in vitro Comparison of Two Replacement Techniques Utilizing Fascia Lata after Cranial Cruciate Ligament Transection in the Dog

Veterinary and Comparative Orthopaedics and Traumatology ◽

10.1055/s-0038-1633025 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 06 (02) ◽

pp. 85-92 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

G. L. Coetzee

Keyword(s):

Femoral Condyle ◽

Cruciate Ligament ◽

Maximum Load ◽

Fascia Lata ◽

Patellar Ligament ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Cranial Cruciate Ligament ◽

Replacement Technique ◽

Over The Top

SummaryThe immediate postoperative biomechanical properties of an “underand-over” cranial cruciate ligament (CCL) replacement technique consisting of fascia lata and the lateral onethird of the patellar ligament, were compared with that of a modified intra- and extracapsular “under-and-over-the-top” (UOTT) method. The right CCL in twelve adult dogs was dissected out and replaced with an autograft. The contralateral, intact CCL served as the control. In group A, the graft was secured to the lateral femoral condyle with a spiked washer and screw. In group B the intracapsular graft was secured to the lateral femoro-fabellar ligament, and the remainder to the patellar tendon. Both CCL replacement techniques exhibited a 2.0 ± 0.5 mm anterior drawer immediately after the operation. After skeletonization of the stifles, the length and cross-sectional area of the intact CCL and CCL substitutes were determined. Each bone-ligament unit was tested in linear tension to failure at a fixed distraction rate of 15 mm/s with the stifle in 120° flexion. Data was processed to obtain the corresponding material parameters (modulus, stress and strain in the linear loading region, and energy absorption to maximum load).The immediate postoperative structural and material properties of the “under-and-over” cranial cruciate ligament replacement technique with autogenous fascia lata, were compared to that of a modified intra- and extracapsular “under-and-over-the-top” (UOTT) method. The combined UOT T technique was slightly stronger (6%), but allowed 2.8 ± 0.9 mm more cranial tibial displacement at maximum linear force.

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Multiple recycling of paperboard: Paperboard characteristics and maximum number of recycling cycles— Part I: Multiple recycling of corrugated base paper

TAPPI Journal ◽

10.32964/tj18.11.631 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 18 (11) ◽

pp. 631-638

Author(s):

FREDERIC KREPLIN ◽

HANS-JOACHIM PUTZ ◽

SAMUEL SCHABEL

Keyword(s):

Compression Test ◽

Production Capacity ◽

Strength Properties ◽

Paper Properties ◽

Corrugated Board ◽

Laboratory Conditions ◽

Base Paper ◽

Study Results ◽

Short Span ◽

Multiple Recycling

Paper for recycling is an important fiber source for the production of corrugated base paper. The change in production capacity toward more and more packaging papers affects the composition of paper for recycling and influences the paper quality. This research project investigated the influence of the multiple recycling of five different corrugated base papers (kraftliner, neutral sulfite semichemical [NSSC] fluting, corrugating medium, testliner 2, and testliner 3) on suspension and strength properties under laboratory conditions. The corrugated board base papers were repulped in a low consistency pulper and processed into Rapid-Köthen laboratory sheets. The sheets were then recycled up to 15 times in the same process. In each cycle, the suspension and the paper properties were recorded. In particular, the focus was on corrugated board-specific parameters, such as short-span compression test, ring crush test, corrugating medium test, and burst. The study results indicate how multiple recycling under laboratory conditions affects fiber and paper properties.

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