Constructional morphology of the stems of Pentacrinitidae, and mode of life of Seirocrinus

Muscle scars are described for the first time in the Ordovician bellerophontoidean gastropod Carinaropsis Hall. Silica replicas from the Cannon Limestone of Tennessee preserve a pair of muscle scars, with a single elongate scar located on each umbilico-lateral angulation of the shell interior more than half a whorl back from the apertural margin. The scars are similar in general shape and position to muscle scars described in Bellerophon de Montfort and the pleurotomarioidean Porcellia woodwardi (Sowerby). In addition to supporting the soft parts within the widely expanded shell, the characteristic internal septum of Carinaropsis probably facilitated clamping of the shell aperture against the substrate.

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Estimating maximum bite performance in Tyrannosaurus rex using multi-body dynamics

Biology Letters ◽

10.1098/rsbl.2012.0056 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 8 (4) ◽

pp. 660-664 ◽

Cited By ~ 54

Author(s):

K. T. Bates ◽

P. L. Falkingham

Keyword(s):

Body Size ◽

Feeding Behaviour ◽

Ontogenetic Change ◽

Positive Allometry ◽

Musculoskeletal Models ◽

Terrestrial Animal ◽

Body Dynamics ◽

Mode Of Life ◽

Scaling Analyses ◽

Multi Body

Bite mechanics and feeding behaviour in Tyrannosaurus rex are controversial. Some contend that a modest bite mechanically limited T. rex to scavenging, while others argue that high bite forces facilitated a predatory mode of life. We use dynamic musculoskeletal models to simulate maximal biting in T. rex . Models predict that adult T. rex generated sustained bite forces of 35 000–57 000 N at a single posterior tooth, by far the highest bite forces estimated for any terrestrial animal. Scaling analyses suggest that adult T. rex had a strong bite for its body size, and that bite performance increased allometrically during ontogeny. Positive allometry in bite performance during growth may have facilitated an ontogenetic change in feeding behaviour in T. rex , associated with an expansion of prey range in adults to include the largest contemporaneous animals.

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Anti-craving biofeedback program in clinical course of pathological addictions

European Psychiatry ◽

10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.01.1775 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 41 (S1) ◽

pp. s879-s879

Author(s):

I. Sosin ◽

Y. Chuev ◽

A. Volkov ◽

O. Goncharova

Keyword(s):

Individual Preference ◽

Emotional States ◽

Digital Information ◽

External Monitoring ◽

Computer Testing ◽

Mode Of Life ◽

Competing Interest ◽

The Individual ◽

Monitoring Module ◽

And Control

IntroductionModern clinical narcology searches for anti-craving programs to overcome psychoactive substances (PAS) pathological addiction with bio-adaptive regulation of systems (BARS).Aims and objectivesTo develop computer modified biofeedback program integrated with Luscher test.MethodTwenty-two PAS addicts who were undergoing biofeedback modified psycho-training were examined. Computer rheoencephalogram (REG) was used as an external monitoring module.ResultsTechnologically novel biofeedback computer modification was developed with preceding Luscher computer testing for determination of the individual preference colour and the colour producing individual unpleasant associations in respondents. Consequently, biofeedback program was corrected differentially by changing standard colour templates for those personified on monitor. Cerebral hemodynamics condition transferred to individually designed for a particular respondent colour registers is used as a homeostatic parameter reflecting alcohol craving presence/absence: in case of the disordered REG parameters the signal reflects the respondent's unpleasant (negative) colour, and with no craving the screen is filled with positive, pleasant, favourite colour. During BARS auto-training the respondents’ skills to mediate present subjective clinical PAS craving manifestations with unpleasant colour and the experimental auto-training method have been mastered, and those psycho emotional states which displace PAS craving symbolic colour from the screen are selected, and it is substituted with favourite colour (symbol of healthy mode of life motivations).ConclusionsUsage of combined BARS biofeedback improved effectiveness of the training and allowed to objectivize and control the condition of the patient getting reliable visual and digital information about either regress or activation of PAS craving and potential relapse of addictive behaviour.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

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I. A contribution to the anatomy of the ductless glands and lymphatic system of the angler fish ( Lophius piscatorius )

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London Series B Containing Papers of a Biological Character (1896-1934) ◽

10.1098/rstb.1927.0001 ◽

1927 ◽

Vol 215 (421-430) ◽

pp. 1-56 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Keyword(s):

Connective Tissue ◽

Lymphatic System ◽

Loose Connective Tissue ◽

Mode Of Life ◽

Better Than ◽

Considerable Size

The Angler ( Lophius piscatorius ) is a fish much modified for a bottom habit, and apart from many peculiarities of form and structure associated with this particular mode of life, is remarkable for the looseness of its skin and the abundance of soft connective tissue that separates it from the underlying fascia and muscles. Within this layer of loose connective tissue lie many of the larger trunks of the lymphatic system, mostly of very considerable size and easy to inject. The fish thus furnishes material better than most for the study of this system.

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Mode of life and habitat of scaphitid ammonites

Geobios ◽

10.1016/j.geobios.2011.11.006 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 45 (1) ◽

pp. 87-98 ◽

Cited By ~ 43

Author(s):

Neil H. Landman ◽

William A. Cobban ◽

Neal L. Larson

Keyword(s):

Mode Of Life

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IX.—The Postcranial Skeleton of Ensthenopteron foordi Whiteaves

Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh ◽

10.1017/s008045680001471x ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 68 (9) ◽

pp. 207-329 ◽

Cited By ~ 130

Author(s):

S. Mahala Andrews ◽

T. Stanley Westoll

Keyword(s):

Functional Analysis ◽

Postcranial Skeleton ◽

Bony Fishes ◽

Mode Of Life

SynopsisWell preserved material of the crossopterygian fish Eusthenopteron enables fresh reconstructions and interpretations of its postcranial skeleton to be given. Comparisons throughout with other bony fishes show that it may be primitive in many features. Similarities with early amphibians such as the screw-shaped glenoid, the form of the humerus (on which an attempt to restore the pectoral musculature is based), the dorsal bicipital ribs and the possibility of a sacral attachment, throw much light on the origin of the tetrapod postcranial skeleton, particularly of the cheiropterygium. A functional analysis of the skeleton of Ensthenopteron is attempted, suggesting that it resembled the pike (Esox) in its mode of life and that it may have been capable of short journeys “walking” overland. The possible selective factors stimulating the evolution of such a fish, and further evolution to the tetrapod stage are discussed.

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Family Resemblances, Practical Interrelations and Material Extensions: Understanding Sexual Prohibitions, Production and Consumption in Kilimanjaro

Africa ◽

10.3366/afr.2007.0057 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 77 (3) ◽

pp. 307-330 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Knut Christian Myhre

Keyword(s):

Social Life ◽

Well Being ◽

Sub Saharan Africa ◽

Local Mode ◽

Language Games ◽

Beneficial Effects ◽

Ex Post ◽

Family Resemblances ◽

Mode Of Life ◽

Sub Saharan

AbstractThrough the ‘procreative paradigm’, sexuality and its relationships to other social practices have recently regained importance in the study of sub-Saharan Africa. Despite its apparent novelty, I argue that this paradigm invokes an anthropological approach that harks back to the discipline's beginnings. In an attempt at a fresh departure, I use Ludwig Wittgenstein's late philosophy to investigate the meaning of sexual prohibitions among the Chagga-speaking people of Rombo District, Kilimanjaro Region, Tanzania. Starting from local linguistic usage, I describe the multiple ‘language-games’ of the vernacular notion of ‘power’,horu. In this manner, I demonstrate how production, reproduction and consumption are conceptually, practically and materially intertwined through the ‘family resemblances’ of this local concept.Horuis expended through productive practices; in multiple ways it is converted, transferred and exchanged between adults and children in reproduction; and it is replenished through the consumption of specific ‘powerful’ foods. By means of different objects, the activities of work, sex and feeding enable ‘power’ to flow between persons. The multiple vernacular usages of the notion ofhoru, and its practical and material concomitants, interrelate diverse spheres of social life in such a manner that they constitute an overlapping network that extends laterally. Human capability and well-being are constituted through participation in these activities, and engagement in the mutual flows, conversions and exchanges of ‘power’ that encompass humans, livestock and vegetable matter. The sexual prohibitions of Rombo regulate and channel these flows and conversions, in order to ensure their beneficial effects for the parties concerned. I therefore argue that the sexual prohibitions are notex post factointerpretations or justifications that explain or control preceding experiences, but rather that they are constitutive of the local mode of life. An appreciation of lateral relationships between concepts, practices and objects enables an evasion of some of the problems that arise from the procreative paradigm.

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