Radar Rainfall Estimates for Debris-Flow Early Warning Systems

2017 ◽  
pp. 453-465
Author(s):  
F. Marra ◽  
E. I. Nikolopoulos ◽  
J. D. Creutin ◽  
M. Borga
Keyword(s):  
Debris Flow ◽  
Early Warning ◽  
Early Warning Systems ◽  
Warning Systems ◽  
Radar Rainfall ◽  
Rainfall Estimates

scholarly journals Debris-flow forecasting at regional scale by combining susceptibility mapping and radar rainfall

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 587-602 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Berenguer ◽  
D. Sempere-Torres ◽  
M. Hürlimann
Keyword(s):  
Debris Flow ◽  
Debris Flows ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Early Warning Systems ◽  
Warning Systems ◽  
Susceptibility Assessment ◽  
Radar Rainfall ◽  
Eastern Pyrenees ◽  
Rainfall Map ◽  
Rainfall Estimates

Abstract. This work presents a technique for debris-flow (DF) forecasting able to be used in the framework of DF early warning systems at regional scale. The developed system is applied at subbasin scale and is based on the concepts of fuzzy logic to combine two ingredients: (i) DF subbasin susceptibility assessment based on geomorphological variables and (ii) the magnitude of the rainfall situation as depicted from radar rainfall estimates. The output of the developed technique is a three-class warning ("low", "moderate" or "high") in each subbasin when a new radar rainfall map is available. The developed technique has been applied in a domain in the eastern Pyrenees (Spain) from May to October 2010. The warning level stayed "low" during the entire period in 20% of the subbasins, while in the most susceptible subbasins the warning level was at least "moderate" for up to 10 days. Quantitative evaluation of the warning level was possible in a subbasin where debris flows were monitored during the analysis period. The technique was able to identify the three events observed in the catchment (one debris flow and two hyperconcentrated flow events) and produced no false alarm.

scholarly journals Debris-flow hazard assessment at regional scale by combining susceptibility mapping and radar rainfall

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (10) ◽  
pp. 6295-6338
Author(s):  
M. Berenguer ◽  
D. Sempere-Torres ◽  
M. Hürlimann
Keyword(s):  
Debris Flow ◽  
Hazard Assessment ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Early Warning Systems ◽  
Warning Systems ◽  
Radar Rainfall ◽  
Eastern Pyrenees ◽  
Hazard Level ◽  
Rainfall Map ◽  
Debris Flow Hazard

Abstract. This work presents a technique for debris flow (DF) hazard assessment able to be used in the framework of DF early warning systems at regional scale. The developed system is applied at subbasin scale and is based on the concepts of fuzzy logic to combine two ingredients: (i) DF subbasin susceptibility assessment based on geomorphological variables, and (ii) the magnitude of the rainfall situation as depicted from radar rainfall estimates. The output of the developed technique is a three-class hazard level ("low", "moderate" and "high") in each subbasin when a new radar rainfall map is available. The developed technique has been applied in a domain in the Eastern Pyrenees (Spain) from May to October 2010. The estimated hazard level stayed "low" during the entire period in 20% of the subbasins, while, in the most susceptible subbasins, the hazard level was at least moderate for up to10 days. Quantitative evaluation of the estimated hazard level was possible in a subbasin where debris flows were monitored during the analysis period. The technique was able to identify the 3 events observed in the catchment (1 debris flow and 2 hyperconcentrated flow events) and produced no false alarm.

An early warning system for rainfall-triggered shallow slides and debris flows. Application in Catalonia, Spain and Canton of Bern, Switzerland

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosa M Palau ◽  
Marc Berenguer ◽  
Marcel Hürlimann ◽  
Daniel Sempere-Torres ◽  
Catherine Berger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Warning ◽  
Debris Flows ◽  
Risk Mitigation ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Slope Angle ◽  
Early Warning Systems ◽  
Warning Systems ◽  
Radar Rainfall ◽  
Susceptibility Maps ◽  
Landslide Event

<p>Risk mitigation for rainfall-triggered shallow slides and debris flows at regional scale is challenging. Early warning systems are a helpful tool to depict the location and time of future landslide events so that emergency managers can act in advance. Recently, some of the regions that are recurrently affected by rainfall triggered landslides have developed operational landslide early warning systems (LEWS). However, there are still many territories where this phenomenon also represents an important hazard and lack this kind of risk mitigation strategy.</p><p>The main objective of this work is to study the feasibility to apply a regional scale LEWS, which was originally designed to work over Catalonia (Spain), to run in other regions. To do so we have set up the LEWS to Canton of Bern (Switzerland).</p><p>The LEWS combines susceptibility maps to determine landslide prone areas and in real time high-resolution radar rainfall observations and forecasts. The output is a qualitative warning level map with a resolution of 30 m.</p><p>Susceptibility maps have been derived using a simple fuzzy logic methodology that combines the terrain slope angle, and land use and land cover (LULC) information. The required input parameters have been obtained from regional, pan-European and global datasets.</p><p>Rainfall inputs have been retrieved from both regional weather radar networks, and the OPERA pan-European radar composite. A set of global rainfall intensity-duration data has been used to asses if a rainfall event has the potential of triggering a landslide event.</p><p>The LEWS has been run in the region of Catalonia and Canton of Bern for specific rainfall events that triggered important landslides. Finally, the LEWS performance in Catalonia has been assessed.</p><p>Results in Catalonia show that the LEWS performance strongly depends on the quality of both the susceptibility maps and rainfall data. However, in both regions the LEWS is generally able to issue warnings for most of the analysed landslide events.</p>

scholarly journals Brief Communication: A new testing field for debris flow warning systems and algorithms

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 1717-1729
Author(s):  
M. Arattano ◽  
V. Coviello ◽  
M. Cavalli ◽  
F. Comiti ◽  
P. Macconi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Debris Flow ◽  
Early Warning ◽  
Hazard Mitigation ◽  
Early Warning Systems ◽  
Warning Systems ◽  
Italian Alps ◽  
Research Activity ◽  
Essential Step ◽  
Testing Field

Abstract. Early warning systems (EWSs) are among the measures adopted for the mitigation of debris flow hazards. EWSs often employ algorithms that require careful and long testing to grant their effectiveness. A permanent installation has been so equipped in the Gadria basin (Eastern Italian Alps) for the systematic test of event-EWSs. The installation is conceived to produce didactic videos and host informative visits. The populace involvement and education is in fact an essential step in any hazard mitigation activity and it should envisaged in planning any research activity. The occurrence of a debris flow in the Gadria creek, in the summer of 2014, allowed a first test of the installation and the recording of an informative video on EWSs.

Improving Spatial Rainfall Estimates at Mt. Merapi Area Using Radar-Rain Gauge Conditional Merging

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roby Hambali ◽  
Djoko Legono ◽  
Rachmad Jayadi ◽  
Satoru Oishi ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Resolution ◽  
Early Warning ◽  
Interpolation Method ◽  
Rain Gauge ◽  
Value Distribution ◽  
Rainfall Data ◽  
Warning Systems ◽  
Radar Rainfall ◽  
X Band ◽  
Rainfall Estimates

Rainfall monitoring is important for providing early warning of lahar flow around Mt. Merapi. The X-band multi-parameter radar developed to support these warning systems provides rainfall information with high spatial and temporal resolution. However, this method underestimates the rainfall compared with rain gauge measurements. Herein, we performed conditional radar-rain gauge merging to obtain the optimal rainfall value distribution. By using the cokriging interpolation method, kriged gauge rainfall, and kriged radar rainfall data were obtained, which were then combined with radar rainfall data to yield the adjusted spatial rainfall. Radar-rain gauge conditional merging with cokriging interpolation provided reasonably well-adjusted spatial rainfall pattern.

scholarly journals Numerical Modeling of Infrasound Energy Radiation by Debris Flow Events

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Coco ◽  
E. Marchetti ◽  
O. Morandi
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Modeling ◽  
Debris Flow ◽  
Early Warning ◽  
Debris Flows ◽  
Flow Characteristics ◽  
Early Warning Systems ◽  
Numerical Results ◽  
Warning Systems ◽  
Simulation Code ◽  
Energy Radiation

AbstractDebris flows constitute a severe natural hazard in Alpine regions. Studies are performed to understand the event predictability and to identify early warning systems and procedures. These are based both on sensors deployed along the channels or on the amplitude of seismic and infrasound waves radiated by the flow and recorded far away. Despite being very promising, infrasound cannot be used to infer the source characteristics due to the lack of a physical model of the infrasound energy radiated by debris flows. Here the simulation of water flow along a simple channel is presented, experiencing the fall from a dam, performed within the open source simulation code OpenFOAM. The pressure perturbation within the atmosphere produced by the flow is extracted and the infrasound signature of the events as a function of the flow characteristics is defined. Numerical results suggest that infrasound is radiated immediately downstream of the dam with amplitude and period that scale with dam height and water level. Modeled infrasound waveform is interpreted as being produced mostly by waves at the water free surface developing downstream of the dam. Despite the effect of sediments is not considered in this first study and will be implemented in future investigations, numerical results obtained with this simple model are in general agreement with experimental results obtained from array analysis of infrasound data recorded at Illgraben, Switzerland. Results highlight how numerical modeling can provide critical information to define a source mechanism of infrasound energy radiation by debris-flow, that is required also to improve early warning systems.

scholarly journals Application and verification of a multivariate real-time early warning method for rainfall-induced landslides: implication for evolution of landslide-generated debris flows

Landslides ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (10) ◽  
pp. 2409-2419
Author(s):  
Zongji Yang ◽  
Liyong Wang ◽  
Jianping Qiao ◽  
Taro Uchimura ◽  
Lin Wang
Keyword(s):  
Debris Flow ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Early Warning ◽  
Early Warning Systems ◽  
Mechanical Analysis ◽  
Warning Systems ◽  
Physical Mechanisms ◽  
New Strategy

Abstract Rainfall-induced landslides are a frequent and often catastrophic geological disaster, and the development of accurate early warning systems for such events is a primary challenge in the field of risk reduction. Understanding of the physical mechanisms of rainfall-induced landslides is key for early warning and prediction. In this study, a real-time multivariate early warning method based on hydro-mechanical analysis and a long-term sequence of real-time monitoring data was proposed and verified by applying the method to predict successive debris flow events that occurred in 2017 and 2018 in Yindongzi Gully, which is in Wenchuan earthquake region, China. Specifically, long-term sequence slope stability analysis of the in situ datasets for the landslide deposit as a benchmark was conducted, and a multivariate indicator early warning method that included the rainfall intensity-probability (I-P), saturation (Si), and inclination (Ir) was then proposed. The measurements and analysis in the two early warning scenarios not only verified the reliability and practicality of the multivariate early warning method but also revealed the evolution processes and mechanism of the landslide-generated debris flow in response to rainfall. Thus, these findings provide a new strategy and guideline for accurately producing early warnings of rainfall-induced landslides.

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