Determination of ringtone volumes of mobile phones

2012 ◽  
pp. 436-441
Author(s):  
H Moon ◽  
S Han
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Phones

scholarly journals Precise Method of Ambiguity Initialization for Short Baselines with L1-L5 or E5-E5a GPS/GALILEO Data

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (15) ◽  
pp. 4318 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mieczysław Bakuła
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Phones ◽  
Double Difference ◽  
Fast Method ◽  
Short Baseline ◽  
Fast Determination ◽  
Gnss Receivers ◽  
Short Baselines ◽  
Relative Errors ◽  
Gps Observations

This paper presents a precise and fast method of ambiguity resolution (PREFMAR) for frequencies L1/E1 and L5/E5a of GPS/GALILEO data. The developed method is designed for precise and fast determination of ambiguities in GNSS phase observations. Ambiguities are chosen based on mathematical search functions. The fact that no variance–covariance matrix (VC matrix) with a so-called float solution is needed proves the innovativeness of the developed method. The developed method enables determination of the ambiguities for short baseline double-difference (DD) observations. The presented algorithms for the developed method enable unique and reliable calculation of the ambiguity if the actual errors of code measurements of DD observations are less than 0.38 m and the relative errors of phase observations are in the range of ±3 cm. The paper presents both mathematical derivations of the functions used in the PREFMAR and numerical calculations based on real double-difference GPS observations (L1-L5). The elaborated algorithms can be easily implemented into GNSS receivers or mobile phones. Therefore, they can be widely used in many geoscience applications, as well as in precise GPS/GALILEO navigation.

Comparison of the Influence of Intra-cell Traffic and Finite Number of Mobile Phones on the Determination of Number of Channels in the BTS of GSM Network

Frequenz ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 68 (3-4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomislav Šuh ◽  
Predrag Jovanović ◽  
Aleksandar Lebl ◽  
Dragan Mitić ◽  
Žarko Markov
Keyword(s):  
Finite Number ◽  
Mobile Phones ◽  
Gsm Network

scholarly journals Determination of Metals’ Content in Components Mounted on Printed Circuit Boards from End-of-Life Mobile Phones

Recycling ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 20
Author(s):  
Tadeusz Gorewoda ◽  
Marcus Eschen ◽  
Jadwiga Charasińska ◽  
Magdalena Knapik ◽  
Sylwia Kozłowicz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Phones ◽  
Printed Circuit Boards ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Absorption Spectrometry ◽  
Atomic Emission ◽  
Emission Spectrometry ◽  
Circuit Boards ◽  
Printed Circuit ◽  
Valuable Metals

The electronic components mounted on the printed circuit boards (PCBs) of mobile phones represent a resource that is rich in metals, and after separation from the boards, these components could be considered secondary raw materials. The concentrations of the valuable metals are insignificant when compared with those of complete PCBs; however, they could be significantly higher in a fraction formed from the separated components. This study focused on the analysis of Ag, Au, Cu, Nd, Nb, Ni, Pb, Pd, Sn, and Ta in fractions produced by the separation of all the components mounted on PCBs from several types of mobile phones. Atomic absorption spectrometry, atomic emission spectrometry, and mass spectrometry techniques were utilized, and a comparison of five older models of “brick” phones and five modern smartphones was conducted. Additionally, 50 kg of PCBs from the current recycling market were analyzed in the same way to create a summary of the current recycling stream.

Use of OSL and TL of Electronic Components of Portable Devices for Retrospective Accident Dosimetry

2013 ◽  
Vol 347 ◽  
pp. 229-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.S. Pradhan ◽  
J.I. Lee ◽  
J.L. Kim
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Phones ◽  
Rapid Determination ◽  
Radiation Sensitivity ◽  
Optically Stimulated Luminescence ◽  
Portable Devices ◽  
Electronic Components ◽  
Mp3 Players ◽  
Radiation Induced ◽  
Induced Signal

Growing apprehensions of radiological accidents and terroristic attacks have intensified research efforts to find materials with appropriate radiation sensitivity that are carried close to human body, are ubiquitously available and which can be used as fortuitous dosimeters in rapid determination of doses of individuals after radiation exposure. In this respect, thermoluminescence (TL) and optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) of chip cards and electronic components of personal objects have been recently evaluated by researchers in several countries. OSL and TL signal of chip cards is attributed to SiO2 grains contained in the epoxy layers used for controlling the thixotropic properties whereas the radiation induced signal in electronic components (resistors, resonators, capacitors, ICs, antenna switches, etc.) of personal objects (mobile phones, USB flash drive, MP3 players, etc.) is attributed to the ceramic contents, especially to Al2O3 based substrates.

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