Music Intervention to Orthopedic Patients: A Possible Alternative Solution to Control Pain

Aims and Objective. Pain is a common problem associated with postoperative orthopedic patients; the current study is aimed at evaluating music intervention as an alternative method to control pain. Methodology. The experimental design of the current study was comparative, descriptive, and quasi-experimental. 38 postoperative orthopedic patients were equipped with pocket-size MP3 players with prerecorded music tracks (instrumental and lyrical) in Hindi, English, and Urdu. After that, pre-post-pain scores were recorded with the help of designed brief patient logs. Ultimately, a satisfactory survey was completed at discharge. Major Findings. It was found that during the intervention of music, the pain was significantly reduced from 5.40 to 2.98. There was a slight relationship between listening time and pain relief. It was also found that the feedback was extremely positive and each patient suggested the use of music to others with 96.6% recommendation. Conclusion. From the current study, it was found that music intervention can be beneficial to postoperative patient pain control. Further, it is hoped that the findings of the current experimental work will lead to improvements in the care of postoperative patients.

Oral-based Bible translation: A contextualised model for the nomadic Himba people of southern Africa

Historically, the work of Bible translation has involved multiple disciplines in a commitment to translate Scripture with integrity and faithfulness to the original Greek and Hebrew texts. Translating Scripture for primary oral societies has added another dimension to the need for accuracy, beauty and clarity in Scripture translation. It has been widely accepted in Western literate society that the Bible is accessed in written print in the form of a book. For oral-preference societies, such as the nomadic Himba and San peoples of southern Africa, a printed Bible has presented a challenge. Few people read or wish to read as their primary means of communication. In the case of the San family of languages, complex phonemic systems of up to 85 contrastive clicks have presented a challenge in developing ‘readable’ orthographies. This article has highlighted the rationale for oral-based Bible translation. The research aimed to address the translation needs of oral societies – some of whom are nomadic or semi-nomadic people groups. The recent missiological positioning of certain Bible translation practitioners has led to an oral-based approach to Bible translation which validates the cultural identity of modern oral communicators. Orally crafted translations of Scripture passages have been recorded and made available to oral societies through a range of media, including MP3 players, SD cards and mobile phone applications. The effectiveness of oral-based Bible translation among the Himba people has been seen in their response. What began as a three-year pilot project to explore the potential impact of oral-based Scripture among oral societies has led to a unanimous demand for a second three-year phase, and an expressed desire for a full oral-based Bible in the Himba language. The oral-based approach as described is currently used in nearly 20 other oral Bible translation, which reflects a felt need for oral-based Scripture among oral societies in southern Africa.Contribution: Insights from the emerging practice of oral-based Bible translation in southern Africa provide valuable data for missiological approaches to communicating the gospel in the context of modern oral societies.

Feasibility of Digital Multimedia Language Labs for Interpreting Instruction as Perceived by Interpreting Instructors in Saudi Arabia

The College of Languages and Translation (COLT) prepares translators and interpreters. Some of the courses that the students take are language courses such as listening, speaking, reading, writing, vocabulary, grammar, and 4 types of interpreting courses (simultaneous, consecutive, liaison and sight). COLT has installed 4 multimedia language labs (MLLs) currently used for teaching listening courses, in addition to interpreting courses. Each MLL consists of a teacher's station and 40 student stations each with a computer, headsets, and an audio box. The MLL software consist of XClass, a multimedia classroom management software, a Digital Language Lab Software (DLL) software for improving the students’ oral listening skills, and WaveLab Mastering and Audio Editing Software. The presentation aims to find out whether the MLL is feasible for interpreting instruction and factors that affect lack of utilization of MLLs in interpreting instruction at COLT based on the instructors' views. A sample of 10 interpreting instructors and an IT specialist was interviewed. It was found that only 20% use the MLL in interpreting instruction (simultaneous and sight interpreting). By contrast, 80% use the MLLs as a classroom, use the speakers, text on a flash drive and MP3 players. They believe that MLLs are not suitable for teaching consecutive and liaison interpreting. They reported hardware and software problems, instructor-related, student-related, and technical support issues. The study concluded that normalization and attitude change towards new technology, hands-on practice, and availability of technical support on site are crucial in adapting the MLLs to interpreting instruction. The study reports results and some recommendations.

A Theoretical Perspective on factors that Influence the Perception of Generation Z towards Workplace

Generation Z, mostly born after the year of 2000 on literature, also known as mobile generation are assumed to enter into Business in the nearing years. They grow up with technology a fortiori and together with world wide web, mp3 players, short message, cell phones, PDAs, YouTube, IPADs, media technologies. Their Character and mindsets are seen to be different when compared to previous generations. The generation Z who will participate or participated in the labor force recently, their expectations are different from other employees. Gen Z is entrepreneurial, less motivated by money and more focused on face-to-face communication. This study is to determine the work perception factors of Generation Z.

Using Mobile Devices To Support Online Collaborative Learning

The paper discusses the effect of mobile learning on students, especially the tablets and smartphones. Theses gadgets have become a research interest of education to encourage and facilitate learning. Mobile devices assist in build closer connection between students and teachers. There are several options of mobile devices such as Ipod, personal digital assistant, smart phone, laptop or tablet PC, MP3 Players, pen drive and so on. Mobile learning involves the use of mobile technology either alone or combination with other information and communication technology (ICT). The benefits of mobile learning expand the reach and quality of education, facilitate personalized learning, power anytime, anywhere learning, provide immediate feedback and assessment, ensure productive use of time spent in classrooms, build new community of students, support selected learning, enhance seamless learning, bridge formal and informal learning, improve communication and administration, maximize cost efficiency and update policies related to mobile learning. It is concluded that the benefits overshadow the challenges. Using mobile devices allow students to extend learning beyond the classroom walls. Students are highly engaged and are able to demonstrate unique and creative way to respond to the use of technology that offers some distinctive affordance to users.

E-Discovery Components of E-Teaching And M-Learning

Electronic discovery is the electronic aspect of identifying, collecting and producing electronically stored information (ESI) in response to a request for production in a law suit or investigation.ESI includes, but is not limited to, emails, documents, presentations, databases, voicemail, audio and video files, social media, and web sites. E-Teaching is the teaching students using electronic equipment either directly or indirectly. As well as M-Learning also anytime and anywhere for fixing timings for learning process. M-learning or ‘m'obile learning is defined as “learning across multiple contexts, through social and content interactions, using personal electronic devices”.A form ofdistance education, m-learners use mobile device educational technology at their time convenience.M-learning technologies include handheld computers, MP3 players, notebooks, mobile phones and tablets. M-learning focuses on the mobility of the learner, interacting with portable technologies. This paper deals with some important things about E-Teaching and M-Learning with advantages of both.

Machine Learning for Signal Processing

Digital signal processing (DSP) is one of the ‘foundational’ engineering topics of the modern world, without which technologies such the mobile phone, television, CD and MP3 players, WiFi and radar, would not be possible. A relative newcomer by comparison, statistical machine learning is the theoretical backbone of exciting technologies such as automatic techniques for car registration plate recognition, speech recognition, stock market prediction, defect detection on assembly lines, robot guidance and autonomous car navigation. Statistical machine learning exploits the analogy between intelligent information processing in biological brains and sophisticated statistical modelling and inference. DSP and statistical machine learning are of such wide importance to the knowledge economy that both have undergone rapid changes and seen radical improvements in scope and applicability. Both make use of key topics in applied mathematics such as probability and statistics, algebra, calculus, graphs and networks. Intimate formal links between the two subjects exist and because of this many overlaps exist between the two subjects that can be exploited to produce new DSP tools of surprising utility, highly suited to the contemporary world of pervasive digital sensors and high-powered and yet cheap, computing hardware. This book gives a solid mathematical foundation to, and details the key concepts and algorithms in, this important topic.

Using Mobile Technologies With Young Language Learners to Support and Promote Oral Language Production

The paper examines how the use of mobile technologies such as tablets and handheld MP3 players can support and promote oral language production among young language learners. It explores how the use of these mobile technologies in the language classroom supports pedagogical practices anchored in socioconstructivist theories of SLA that emphasize the role of dialogue and social interaction among young language learners. The paper is based on a collaborative action research project involving French Immersion teachers and their students in primary schools in a western province of Canada. Findings show that the affordances of mobile technologies contribute to the creation of innovative learning environments and authentic language learning experiences that support and promote the production of oral language among young language learners. The inquiry demonstrates the adoption of second language pedagogical approaches anchored in socioconstructivist theories of SLA that promote autonomy and a sense of agency among language learners.