Impact of Toy Product Recalls on Shareholder Wealth in the United States

2014 ◽  
pp. 234-259 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Shareholder Wealth ◽  
Product Recalls

scholarly journals Analysis of Crowdsourced Metformin Tablets from Individuals Reveals Widespread Contamination with N-Nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) in the United States

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qian Wu ◽  
Evgenia Kvitko ◽  
Amber Jessop ◽  
Shannon Williams ◽  
Ryan C. Costantino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
High Resolution Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
The United States ◽  
Product Recalls ◽  
Acceptable Daily Intake ◽  
Drug Products ◽  
Post Market ◽  
United States Food ◽  
States Food

AbstractRecent reports of metformin drug products contaminated with unacceptable levels of the probable human carcinogen N-Nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) prompted a national sampling of post-market metformin drug products. To most broadly sample the market and minimize supply chain bias, metformin medication samples were crowdsourced directly from individuals across many states in the United States. 128 samples were received, and liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry tests for a panel of nitrosamines revealed significant levels of NDMA that trend with labeling company. 42% of all medication samples contained detectable levels of NDMA and, when scaled to maximum daily tablet dose, 36% of all medication samples contained NDMA levels exceeding the FDA daily acceptable intake limit. The highest NDMA detection from the tested samples was 1565 ng per tablet, which, when commonly taken four times a day, is 65 times the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) acceptable daily intake limit. Results underscore the need for immediate product recalls of tainted medications and an overall investigation of metformin manufacturing practices.

Microbiological Safety of Dried Spices

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 409-427 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua B. Gurtler ◽  
Susanne E. Keller
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Foodborne Pathogens ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
The United States ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Product Recalls ◽  
Foodborne Outbreaks ◽  
Imported Food ◽  
Multiple Product ◽  
Pathogen Populations

Spices in the desiccated state provide an environment that allows the survival of many foodborne pathogens. Currently, the incidence of pathogen-positive spices imported into the United States is 1.9 times higher than for any other imported food. Correspondingly, imported spices have been associated with numerous foodborne outbreaks and multiple product recalls. Despite the association with recalls and outbreaks, the actual pathogen populations in spices, when found, are frequently extremely small. In addition to pathogenic bacterial species, toxigenic molds have been frequently recovered from spices, and aflatoxins have been found in as many as 58% of the spices sampled. The presence of toxigenic molds is especially problematic to the immunocompromised or those on immunosuppressive therapy and has been linked to gut aspergillosis. Numerous detection methods, including both traditional and advanced DNA regimes, are being tested to optimize recovery of pathogens from spices. Further, a number of new inactivation intervention methods to decontaminate spices are examined and discussed.

Blood product recalls in the United States

Transfusion ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 54 (9) ◽  
pp. 2276-2282 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey McCullough ◽  
Erinn Riley ◽  
Bruce Lindgren ◽  
Shelly Pulkrabek ◽  
Ralph Hall ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Blood Product ◽  
The United States ◽  
Product Recalls

The potential benefits of employee equity funds in the United States

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lenore Palladino
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Corporate Governance ◽  
Wealth Inequality ◽  
Original Data ◽  
The United States ◽  
Shareholder Wealth ◽  
Employee Voice ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Equity Funds ◽  
Employee Equity

PurposeThe mainstream framework for corporate governance is that all corporate activity should be directed towards shareholder wealth maximization. This article posits that public policy should move away from shareholder primacy and instead recognize employees as key contributors to corporate value-creation. One way to implement this approach is to require the creation of Employee Equity Funds (EEFs) at large corporations, which would pay employees dividends alongside external shareholders and establish a collective employee voice in corporate governance. EEFs may reduce economic inequality while improving firm performance and macroeconomic stability. This article provides an original estimate of average employee dividends, illustrating the potential of employee equity funds.Design/methodology/approachAnalysis of employee dividends for Employee Equity Funds at large U.S. corporations, using publicly available corporate finance data.FindingsBased on historic dividend payments and employee counts in public 10-K filings, I find that, if EEFs held 20% of outstanding equity, the average employee dividend across this sample would be $2,622 per year, while the median is $1,760. This indicates that employee dividends can be a small but meaningful form of redressing wealth inequality for the low-wage workforce, though it should emphatically not be seen as a replacement for fair wages.Originality/valueOriginal data analysis of a proposed policy reform to increase the benefits of employee equity in the United States.

Legal Capital

2019 ◽  
pp. 723-812
Author(s):  
Carsten Gerner-Beuerle ◽  
Michael Schillig
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
The United States ◽  
Shareholder Wealth ◽  
Legal Capital ◽  
Legal Systems ◽  
The Core ◽  
Preferential Access

This chapter discusses the doctrine of legal capital. In the second half of the nineteenth century, legal systems developed the doctrine of ‘legal capital’ to ensure the corporate creditors’ preferential access to the corporation’s assets, and in order to prevent shirking and inter-shareholder wealth transfers. The core of the concept of ‘legal capital’ is that an amount of capital is fixed in the company’s articles of association. This amount can be changed only by formal reduction or increase in capital. The basic starting points for the development of the doctrine of legal capital were remarkably similar on both sides of the Atlantic. However, early in the twentieth century developments in the United States and Europe parted ways.

scholarly journals Changes in Utilization of Generic Angiotensin Receptor Blockers Following Product Recalls in the United States

JAMA ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 323 (1) ◽  
pp. 87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rishi J. Desai ◽  
Ameet Sarpatwari ◽  
Nileesa Gautam ◽  
Joyce Lii ◽  
Michael A. Fischer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Angiotensin Receptor Blockers ◽  
The United States ◽  
Product Recalls ◽  
Angiotensin Receptor ◽  
Receptor Blockers
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