Environmental Factors Impacting Bioactive Metabolite Accumulation in Brazilian Medicinal Plants

Bioactive metabolites in Codonopsis pilosula are of particular interest as an immunostimulant. Methyl jasmonate (MeJA) plays an important role in the elicitation of metabolite biosynthesis. Here, we explored the response of metabolites to MeJA elicitation in C. pilosula adventitious roots and multiple shoots. The results showed that the biomass, polysaccharide, and lobetyolin content of adventitious roots exhibited the highest increases with 100 µmol·L−1 MeJA at the 16th day of subculture, whereas the atractylenolide III (a terpenoid) content increased extremely with 50 µmol·L−1 MeJA treatment at the 7th day of subculture. In addition, the biomass and lobetyolin content significantly increased at the 4th day after treatment. Similarly, the polysaccharide and lobetyolin content increased in multiple shoots. Further identification of different metabolites responding to MeJA by 1H-NMR showed an extremely significant increase of the lobetyolinin level, which coincided with lobetyolin. Accordingly, the precursor, fatty acids, showed a highly significant decrease in their levels. Furthermore, a significant increase in β-d-fructose-butanol glycoside was detected, which was accompanied by a decrease in the sucrose level. Accordingly, the enzyme genes responsible for terpenoid and carbohydrate biosynthesis, CpUGPase, and CpPMK, were up regulated. In conclusion, MeJA promoted culture growth and accelerated bioactive metabolite accumulation by regulating the expression of the metabolite biosynthesis related genes, CpUGPase and CpPMK in C. pilosula.

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Crocetin: A Systematic Review

Frontiers in Pharmacology ◽

10.3389/fphar.2021.745683 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Zi-Liang Guo ◽

Mao-Xing Li ◽

Xiao-Lin Li ◽

Peng Wang ◽

Wei-Gang Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Medicinal Plants ◽

Total Synthesis ◽

Drug Safety ◽

Ripe Fruit ◽

Bioactive Metabolite ◽

Naturally Occurring ◽

Hydrolysis Of ◽

Application Prospects ◽

Memory Enhancing

Crocetin is an aglycone of crocin naturally occurring in saffron and produced in biological systems by hydrolysis of crocin as a bioactive metabolite. It is known to exist in several medicinal plants, the desiccative ripe fruit of the cape jasmine belonging to the Rubiaceae family, and stigmas of the saffron plant of the Iridaceae family. According to modern pharmacological investigations, crocetin possesses cardioprotective, hepatoprotective, neuroprotective, antidepressant, antiviral, anticancer, atherosclerotic, antidiabetic, and memory-enhancing properties. Although poor bioavailability hinders therapeutic applications, derivatization and formulation preparation technologies have broadened the application prospects for crocetin. To promote the research and development of crocetin, we summarized the distribution, preparation and production, total synthesis and derivatization technology, pharmacological activity, pharmacokinetics, drug safety, drug formulations, and preparation of crocetin.

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National Inventory of Medicinal Plants Used to Treat Sheep and Goats Diseasesin Benin (West Africa): Effect of Socioeconomic and Environmental Factors

10.21203/rs.3.rs-22950/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Esaïe TCHETAN ◽

Pascal Abiodoun OLOUNLADE ◽

Thierry Dehouegnon HOUEHANOU ◽

Erick Virgile Bertrand AZANDO ◽

Josette Afiavi KANEHO ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Medicinal Plants ◽

Environmental Factors ◽

Traditional Knowledge ◽

Small Ruminants ◽

Scientific Work ◽

Herd Size ◽

Medicinal Species ◽

Sheep And Goats ◽

Agroecological Zones ◽

Agroecological Zone

Abstract Background: Small ruminant health problems still represent a major constraint in Benin. Thus, to treat goats and sheep diseases, breeders use medicinal plants. However, little scientific work has been done on the traditional knowledge of these plants.The specific objectives of the current study were (i) to document the traditional knowledge regarding the disease groups treated and the medicinalplants used in the health and zootechnical management of small ruminants in Benin and (ii) to assess the effect of sex, ethnicity, agroecological zone and herd sizeassociatedwith them. Methods: To achieve these objectives, an ethnoveterinary survey was conducted in different agroecological zones from September 2018 to February 2019. A semi-structured questionnaire was administered to 506 breeders and farmers and took into account the identity of the respondents, the plants used to treat the ailmentsfor improving the productivity of sheep and goats, the parts used and the method of preparation of the recipes. The data were analyzed through the calculation the Relative Frequency of Citation (RFC), Fidelity Level (FL), and Consensus Factor of the Informant (CFI). Descriptive statistics and multivariate analyses were applied to our data using the software R and Minitab. The symptoms recordedfrom the respondents were categorized into 10 disorder groups using the second version of the International Classification of Primary Care (ICPC). Results: Ten (10) categories of disorders were treated by the people surveyed. These are mainly disorders of the digestive system (D) (49.34%) and disorders related to pregnancy and parturition (W) (20.15%). A total of 101 species medicinal plantsbelonging to 42 families and 90 genera were recorded. The most represented families are Leguminosae (21.57%) and Euphorbiaceae (6.86%). The most cited speciesare Zanthoxylumzanthoxyloides (Lam.) Watermann, Khayasenegalensis (Desr.) A. Juss, Strigahermonthica (DeliIe) Benth. and Adansoniadigitata L. Sex, ethnicity, agroecological zone and herd size are the socioeconomic and environmental factors that influence the level of ethnoveterinary knowledge. Conclusions: Results showedthe high diversity of medicinal species used to treat small ruminant’sdiseasesin Benin. Chemical and biological analyzes are needed to test the effectiveness of the main inventoried plants. Keywords : Ethnoveterinary, sheep, goats, Benin.

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