scholarly journals Activation of the cerebral cortex after administration or unpleasant smells in newborn infants in intensive care unit: A functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy preliminary study

1999 ◽  
Vol 45 (6) ◽  
pp. 905-905
Author(s):  
Marco Bartocci ◽  
Giovanni Serra ◽  
Carmelina Ruggiero ◽  
Kristin Leifsdottir ◽  
Jan Winberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Cerebral Cortex ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Near Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Newborn Infants ◽  
Functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Preliminary Study

scholarly journals Comparison of Brain Activation Patterns during Olfactory Stimuli between Recovered COVID-19 Patients and Healthy Controls: A Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS) Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 968
Author(s):  
Roger C. Ho ◽  
Vijay K. Sharma ◽  
Benjamin Y. Q. Tan ◽  
Alison Y. Y. Ng ◽  
Yit-Shiang Lui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Near Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Activation Patterns ◽  
Identification Test ◽  
Olfactory Stimuli ◽  
Preliminary Study

Impaired sense of smell occurs in a fraction of patients with COVID-19 infection, but its effect on cerebral activity is unknown. Thus, this case report investigated the effect of COVID-19 infection on frontotemporal cortex activity during olfactory stimuli. In this preliminary study, patients who recovered from COVID-19 infection (n = 6) and healthy controls who never contracted COVID-19 (n = 6) were recruited. Relative changes in frontotemporal cortex oxy-hemoglobin during olfactory stimuli was acquired using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). The area under curve (AUC) of oxy-hemoglobin for the time interval 5 s before and 15 s after olfactory stimuli was derived. In addition, olfactory function was assessed using the Sniffin’ Sticks 12-identification test (SIT-12). Patients had lower SIT-12 scores than healthy controls (p = 0.026), but there were no differences in oxy-hemoglobin AUC between healthy controls and patients (p > 0.05). This suggests that past COVID-19 infection may not affect frontotemporal cortex function, and these preliminary results need to be verified in larger samples.

Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS) for Assessing Cerebral Cortex Function During Human Behavior in Natural/Social Situations: A Concise Review

2016 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valentina Quaresima ◽  
Marco Ferrari
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Cortex ◽  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Human Behavior ◽  
Near Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Multiple Sources ◽  
Social Situations ◽  
Functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy

Upon adequate stimulation, real-time maps of cortical hemodynamic responses can be obtained by functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS), which noninvasively measures changes in oxygenated and deoxygenated hemoglobin after positioning multiple sources and detectors over the human scalp. This review is aimed at giving a concise and simple overview of the basic principles of fNIRS including features, strengths, advantages, limitations, and utility for evaluating human behavior. The transportable/wireless commercially available fNIRS systems have a time resolution of 1 to 10 Hz, a depth sensitivity of about 1.5 cm, and a spatial resolution up to 1 cm. fNIRS has been found suitable for many applications on human beings, either adults or infants/children, in the field of social sciences, neuroimaging basic research, and medicine. Some examples of present and future prospects of fNIRS for assessing cerebral cortex function during human behavior in different situations (in natural and social situations) will be provided. Moreover, the most recent fNIRS studies for investigating interpersonal interactions by adopting the hyperscanning approach, which consists of the measurement of brain activity simultaneously on two or more people, will be reported.

scholarly journals Study on driver’s braking intention identification based on functional near-infrared spectroscopy

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 107-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lei Zhu ◽  
Shuguang Li ◽  
Yaohua Li ◽  
Min Wang ◽  
Yanyu Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Cortex ◽  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Near Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Driving Simulator ◽  
Intelligent System ◽  
Functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Cooperative Driving ◽  
Intention Recognition

PurposeCooperative driving refers to a notion that intelligent system sharing controlling with human driver and completing driving task together. One of the key technologies is that the intelligent system can identify the driver’s driving intention in real time to implement consistent driving decisions. The purpose of this study is to establish a driver intention prediction model.Design/methodology/approachThe authors used the NIRx device to measure the cerebral cortex activities for identifying the driver’s braking intention. The experiment was carried out in a virtual reality environment. During the experiment, the driving simulator recorded the driving data and the functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) device recorded the changes in hemoglobin concentration in the cerebral cortex. After the experiment, the driver’s braking intention identification model was established through the principal component analysis and back propagation neural network.FindingsThe research results showed that the accuracy of the model established in this paper was 80.39 per cent. And, the model could identify the driver’s braking intent prior to his braking operation.Research limitations/implicationsThe limitation of this study was that the experimental environment was ideal and did not consider the surrounding traffic. At the same time, other actions of the driver were not taken into account when establishing the braking intention recognition model. Besides, the verification results obtained in this paper could only reflect the results of a few drivers’ identification of braking intention.Practical implicationsThis study can be used as a reference for future research on driving intention through fNIRS, and it also has a positive effect on the research of brain-controlled driving. At the same time, it has developed new frontiers for intention recognition of cooperative driving.Social implicationsThis study explores new directions for future brain-controlled driving and wheelchairs.Originality/valueThe driver’s driving intention was predicted through the fNIRS device for the first time.

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