An Estimate of the Impact of Drug Testing on the Deterrence of Drug Use

Although there seems to be a consensus that “drugs are in every prison,” and that “prison drug use is widespread,” little is really known about the prevalence and patterns of drug use in prison. What appears in the academic and research literature is at best anecdotal, suggesting only that drug use and trafficking exist in correctional settings, and that the control of drugs by inmates is in part related to prison violence. Similarly, press reports descriptive of drug use in prison typically focus on trafficking networks and the complicity of prison personnel, rather than on prevalence and patterns of use. Within this context, this article addresses the nature of drug use in prison, based on systematic interviewing and drug testing in the Delaware correctional system. Some conclusions and implications are offered relative to the impact of prison drug use on corrections-based therapeutic initiatives.

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A Technique for Estimating the Impact of Improvements in Drug Testing Sensitivity on Detection and Deterrence of Illicit Drug Use by Navy Personnel.

10.21236/ada325578 ◽

1997 ◽

Author(s):

Jules I. Borack

Keyword(s):

Drug Use ◽

Drug Testing ◽

Illicit Drug ◽

Illicit Drug Use ◽

Navy Personnel ◽

The Impact

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Experts Gather in Virginia to Discuss Random Drug Testing as an Effective, Confidential and Non-Punitive Way to Reduce Drug Use: Students With an Average Grade of "D" or Below More than Four Times More Likely to Have Used Marijuana in the Past Year

PsycEXTRA Dataset ◽

10.1037/e505132006-001 ◽

2006 ◽

Keyword(s):

Drug Use ◽

Drug Testing ◽

The Past ◽

Random Drug Testing ◽

Average Grade

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The Impact of Alcohol and Drug Use on HIV Medication Adherence

PsycEXTRA Dataset ◽

10.1037/e590842010-004 ◽

2002 ◽

Author(s):

Elana Rosof ◽

Alexandra H. Kutnick

Keyword(s):

Medication Adherence ◽

Drug Use ◽

Alcohol And Drug Use ◽

Hiv Medication ◽

The Impact

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The impact of mandatory drug testing in prisons

PsycEXTRA Dataset ◽

10.1037/e635232007-001 ◽

2005 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Nicola Singleton ◽

Elizabeth Pendry ◽

Tracy Simpson ◽

Eileen Goddard ◽

Michael Farrell ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Drug Testing ◽

The Impact

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Does parental permissiveness toward cigarette smoking and alcohol use influence illicit drug use among adolescents? A longitudinal study in seven European countries

Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology ◽

10.1007/s00127-021-02118-5 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Emina Mehanović ◽

Federica Vigna-Taglianti ◽

Fabrizio Faggiano ◽

Maria Rosaria Galanti ◽

Barbara Zunino ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Alcohol Use ◽

Drug Use ◽

Cigarette Smoking ◽

Longitudinal Data ◽

Illicit Drug ◽

Large Population ◽

Illicit Drug Use ◽

European Countries ◽

The Impact

Abstract Purpose Adolescents’ perceptions of parental norms may influence their substance use. The relationship between parental norms toward cigarette and alcohol use, and the use of illicit substances among their adolescent children is not sufficiently investigated. The purpose of this study was to analyze this relationship, including gender differences, using longitudinal data from a large population-based study. Methods The present study analyzed longitudinal data from 3171 12- to 14-year-old students in 7 European countries allocated to the control arm of the European Drug Addiction Prevention trial. The impact of parental permissiveness toward cigarettes and alcohol use reported by the students at baseline on illicit drug use at 6-month follow-up was analyzed through multilevel logistic regression models, stratified by gender. Whether adolescents’ own use of cigarette and alcohol mediated the association between parental norms and illicit drug use was tested through mediation models. Results Parental permissive norms toward cigarette smoking and alcohol use at baseline predicted adolescents’ illicit drug use at follow-up. The association was stronger among boys than among girls and was mediated by adolescents’ own cigarette and alcohol use. Conclusion Perceived parental permissiveness toward the use of legal drugs predicted adolescents’ use of illicit drugs, especially among boys. Parents should be made aware of the importance of norm setting, and supported in conveying clear messages of disapproval of all substances.

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Exploring the use of cannabis as a substitute for prescription drugs in a convenience sample

Harm Reduction Journal ◽

10.1186/s12954-021-00520-5 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Sinikka L. Kvamme ◽

Michael M. Pedersen ◽

Kristine Rømer Thomsen ◽

Birgitte Thylstrup

Keyword(s):

Side Effects ◽

Drug Use ◽

Prescription Drug ◽

Prescription Drugs ◽

Online Survey ◽

Convenience Sample ◽

Patient Organizations ◽

Public Media ◽

Prescription Drug Use ◽

The Impact

Abstract Background The use of cannabis as medicine (CaM) both prescribed and non-prescribed has increased markedly in the last decade, mirrored in a global shift in cannabis policy towards a more permissive stance. There is some evidence that cannabis functions as a substitute for prescription drugs, particularly opioids; however, more knowledge is needed on the motives of substitution users, their patterns of use, and perceived effects of substitution use. Aims To explore who substitutes prescription drugs with cannabis, the type of prescription drugs substituted and the type of cannabis used, and the impact that substitution with cannabis has on prescription drug use as well as the motives for substitution in terms of experienced effects and side effects. Methods A self-selected convenience sample was recruited through social media, public media, and patient organizations to take part in an anonymous online survey. Inclusion criteria were 18 years or older and use of cannabis (prescribed or non-prescribed) with a medical purpose. Results The final sample included 2.841 respondents of which the majority (91%) used non-prescribed cannabis, and more than half (54.6%) had used CaM with the purpose of replacing a prescribed drug. Compared to non-substitution users, substitution users were more likely to be women and to use CaM in the treatment of chronic pain and other somatic conditions. Pain medication (67.2%), antidepressants (24.5%), and arthritis medication (20.7%) were the most common types of drugs replaced with CaM. Among substitution users, 38.1% reported termination of prescription drug use, and 45.9% a substantial decrease in prescription drug use. The most frequent type of cannabis used as a substitute was CBD-oil (65.2%), followed by ‘hash, pot or skunk’ (36.6%). More than half (65.8%) found CaM much more effective compared to prescription drugs, and 85.5% that the side effects associated with prescription drug use were much worse compared to use of CaM. Conclusion CaM is frequently used as a substitute for prescription drugs, particularly opioids. More research is needed on the long-term consequences of use of CaM, including the impact from low and high THC cannabis products on specific somatic and mental health conditions.

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Representations of Psychoactive Drugs’ Use in Mass Culture and Their Impact on Audiences

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18116000 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (11) ◽

pp. 6000

Author(s):

Marek A. Motyka ◽

Ahmed Al-Imam

Keyword(s):

Young People ◽

Drug Use ◽

Mass Culture ◽

Film Music ◽

Psychoactive Drugs ◽

Frequent Contact ◽

Preventive Actions ◽

The Impact ◽

Staying At Home

Drug use has been increasing worldwide over recent decades. Apart from the determinants of drug initiation established in numerous studies, the authors wish to draw attention to other equally important factors, which may contribute to augmenting this phenomenon. The article aims to draw attention to the content of mass culture, especially representations of drug use in mass media, which may influence the liberalization of attitudes towards drugs and their use. The role of mass culture and its impact on the audience is discussed. It presents an overview of drug representations in the content of mass culture, e.g., in film, music, literature, and the occurrence of drug references in everyday products, e.g., food, clothes, and cosmetics. Attention was drawn to liberal attitudes of celebrities and their admissions to drug use, particularly to the impact of the presented positions on the attitudes of the audience, especially young people for whom musicians, actors, and celebrities are regarded as authorities. Indications for further preventive actions were also presented. Attention was drawn to the need to take appropriate action due to the time of the COVID-19 pandemic when many people staying at home (due to lockdown or quarantine) have the possibility of much more frequent contact with mass culture content, which may distort the image of drugs.

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