Pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide, growth hormone (GH)- releasing peptide and GH-releasing hormone stimulate GH release through distinct pituitary receptors

Endocrinology ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 130 (2) ◽  
pp. 939-944 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. I. Goth
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Adenylate Cyclase ◽  
Releasing Hormone ◽  
Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase ◽  
Pituitary Receptors

scholarly journals Molecular evolution of the growth hormone-releasing hormone/pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide gene family. Functional implication in the regulation of growth hormone secretion

2000 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Montero ◽  
L Yon ◽  
S Kikuyama ◽  
S Dufour ◽  
H Vaudry
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Molecular Evolution ◽  
Adenylate Cyclase ◽  
Gene Family ◽  
Hormone Secretion ◽  
Growth Hormone Secretion ◽  
Growth Hormone Releasing Hormone ◽  
Releasing Hormone ◽  
Gh Secretion ◽  
Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase

Growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) and pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) belong to the same superfamily of regulatory neuropeptides and have both been characterized on the basis of their hypophysiotropic activities. This review describes the molecular evolution of the GHRH/PACAP gene family from urochordates to mammals and presents the hypothesis that the respective roles of GHRH and PACAP in the control of GH secretion are totally inverted in phylogenetically distant groups of vertebrates. In mammals, GHRH and PACAP originate from distinct precursors whereas, in all submammalian taxa investigated so far, including birds, amphibians and fish, a single precursor encompasses a GHRH-like peptide and PACAP. In mammals, GHRH-containing neurons are confined to the infundibular and dorsomedial nuclei of the hypothalamus while PACAP-producing neurons are widely distributed in hypothalamic and extrahypothalamic areas. In fish, both GHRH- and PACAP-immunoreactive neurons are restricted to the diencephalon and directly innervate the adenohypophysis. In mammals and birds, GHRH plays a predominant role in the control of GH secretion. In amphibians, both GHRH and PACAP are potent stimulators of GH release. In fish, PACAP strongly activates GH release whereas GHRH has little or no effect on GH secretion. The GHRH/PACAP family of peptides thus provides a unique model in which to investigate the structural and functional facets of evolution.

Growth hormone-releasing hormone and pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide in the reproductive system

2002 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 428-435 ◽  
Author(s):  
Costanzo Moretti ◽  
Cecilia Mencacci ◽  
Giovanni Vanni Frajese ◽  
Marco Cerilli ◽  
Gaetano Frajese
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Adenylate Cyclase ◽  
Reproductive System ◽  
Growth Hormone Releasing Hormone ◽  
Releasing Hormone ◽  
Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase

Changes in brain mRNA levels of gonadotropin-releasing hormone, pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide, and somatostatin during ovulatory luteinizing hormone and growth hormone surges in goldfish

2008 ◽  
Vol 295 (6) ◽  
pp. R1815-R1821 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis Fabián Canosa ◽  
Norm Stacey ◽  
Richard Ector Peter
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Adenylate Cyclase ◽  
Feedback Mechanism ◽  
Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Spawning Behavior ◽  
Releasing Hormone ◽  
Gh Secretion ◽  
Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase

In goldfish, circulating LH and growth hormone (GH) levels surge at the time of ovulation. In the present study, changes in gene expression of salmon gonadotropin-releasing hormone (sGnRH), chicken GnRH-II (cGnRH-II), somatostatin (SS) and pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide (PACAP) were analyzed during temperature- and spawning substrate-induced ovulation in goldfish. The results demonstrated that increases in PACAP gene expression during ovulation are best correlated with the GH secretion profile. These results suggest that PACAP, instead of GnRH, is involved in the control of GH secretion during ovulation. Increases of two of the SS transcripts during ovulation are interpreted as the activation of a negative feedback mechanism triggered by high GH levels. The results showed a differential regulation of sGnRH and cGnRH-II gene expression during ovulation, suggesting that sGnRH controls LH secretion, whereas cGnRH-II correlates best with spawning behavior. This conclusion is further supported by the finding that nonovulated fish induced to perform spawning behavior by prostaglandin F2α treatment increased cGnRH-II expression in both forebrain and midbrain, but decreased sGnRH expression in the forebrain.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document