Developmental regulation of GLUT-1 (erythroid/Hep G2) and GLUT-4 (muscle/fat) glucose transporter expression in rat heart, skeletal muscle, and brown adipose tissue.

Starvation (48 h) decreased the concentration of mRNA of the insulin-responsive glucose transporter isoform (GLUT 4) in interscapular brown adipose tissue (IBAT) (56%) and tibialis anterior (10%). Despite dramatic [7-fold (tibialis anterior) and 40-fold (IBAT)] increases in glucose utilization after 2 and 4 h of chow re-feeding, no significant changes in GLUT 4 mRNA concentration were observed in these tissues over this re-feeding period. The results exclude changes in GLUT 4 mRNA concentration in mediating the responses of glucose transport in these tissues to acute re-feeding after prolonged starvation.

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Cold exposure increases glucose utilization and glucose transporter expression in brown adipose tissue

Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications ◽

10.1016/0006-291x(92)91736-a ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 185 (3) ◽

pp. 1078-1082 ◽

Cited By ~ 32

Author(s):

Hideki Nikami ◽

Yasutake Shimizu ◽

Daiji Endoh ◽

Hideki Yano ◽

Masayuki Saito

Keyword(s):

Adipose Tissue ◽

Brown Adipose Tissue ◽

Cold Exposure ◽

Glucose Transporter ◽

Glucose Utilization ◽

Brown Adipose ◽

Transporter Expression

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Effect of diabetes and fasting on GLUT-4 (muscle/fat) glucose-transporter expression in insulin-sensitive tissues. Heterogeneous response in heart, red and white muscle

Biochemical Journal ◽

10.1042/bj2820765 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 282 (3) ◽

pp. 765-772 ◽

Cited By ~ 95

Author(s):

M Camps ◽

A Castelló ◽

P Muñoz ◽

M Monfar ◽

X Testar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Skeletal Muscle ◽

Adipose Tissue ◽

Brown Adipose Tissue ◽

White Adipose Tissue ◽

White Muscle ◽

Glucose Transporter ◽

Mrna Levels ◽

Glut 4 ◽

Brown Adipose ◽

Red Muscle

1. GLUT-4 glucose-transporter protein and mRNA levels were assessed in heart, red muscle and white muscle, as well as in brown and white adipose tissue from 7-day streptozotocin-induced diabetic and 48 h-fasted rats. 2. In agreement with previous data, white adipose tissue showed a substantial decrease in GLUT-4 mRNA and protein levels in response to both diabetes and fasting. Similarly, GLUT-4 mRNA and protein markedly decreased in brown adipose tissue in both insulinopenic conditions. 3. Under control conditions, the level of expression of GLUT-4 protein content differed substantially in heart, red and white skeletal muscle. Thus GLUT-4 protein was maximal in heart, and red muscle had a greater GLUT-4 content compared with white muscle. In spite of the large differences in GLUT-4 protein content, GLUT-4 mRNA levels were equivalent in heart and red skeletal muscle. 4. In heart, GLUT-4 mRNA decreased to a greater extent than GLUT-4 protein in response to diabetes and fasting. In contrast, red muscle showed a greater decrease in GLUT-4 protein than in mRNA in response to diabetes or fasting, and in fact no decrease in GLUT-4 mRNA content was detectable in fasting. On the other hand, preparations of white skeletal muscle showed a substantial increase in GLUT-4 mRNA under both insulinopenic conditions, and that was concomitant to either a modest decrease in GLUT-4 protein in diabetes or to no change in fasting. 5. These results indicate that (a) the effects of diabetes and fasting are almost identical and lead to changes in GLUT-4 expression that are tissue-specific, (b) white adipose tissue, brown adipose tissue and heart respond similarly to insulin deficiency by decreasing GLUT-4 mRNA to a larger extent than GLUT-4 protein, and (c) red and white skeletal muscle respond to insulinopenic conditions in a heterogeneous manner which is characterized by enhanced GLUT-4 mRNA/protein ratios.

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Development and regulation of glucose transporter and hexokinase expression in rat

AJP Endocrinology and Metabolism ◽

10.1152/ajpendo.1994.266.4.e548 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 266 (4) ◽

pp. E548-E559 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

C. Postic ◽

A. Leturque ◽

R. L. Printz ◽

P. Maulard ◽

M. Loizeau ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Adipose Tissue ◽

Insulin Sensitivity ◽

Brown Adipose Tissue ◽

Glucose Transporter ◽

Fetal Liver ◽

Rat Tissues ◽

Fetal Life ◽

Glut 1 ◽

Glut 4 ◽

Brown Adipose

The ontogenesis of the glucose transporters GLUT-1, GLUT-2, and GLUT-4 and the hexokinases HK-I, HK-II, and HK-IV (glucokinase) was studied in rat tissues. In brown adipose tissue, high levels of GLUT-4 and HK-II were observed during fetal life; both decreased at birth and then increased throughout development. At birth, cold exposure increased GLUT-4 and HK-II expression in brown adipose tissue, whereas fasting decreased it. GLUT-1 and HK-I were present in fetal muscle, but GLUT-4 and HK-II were absent. The coordinate appearance of GLUT-4 and HK-II in skeletal muscle was concomitant with the acquisition of insulin sensitivity after weaning. In the heart, the glucose transporter isoform switched from GLUT-1 to GLUT-4 during the suckling period. The coordinate expression of GLUT-4 and HK-II in heart was observed after weaning. GLUT-2, detected in fetal liver, increased throughout development. GLUT-1 and HK-I were detectable in fetal liver, whereas glucokinase appeared after weaning. Consumption of a high-carbohydrate diet after weaning increased GLUT-4 and HK-II in muscle and GLUT-2 in liver, whereas consumption of a high-fat diet prevented these changes. These results showed that 1) GLUT-1 and HK-I are abundant in most fetal rat tissues, 2) GLUT-4 and HK-II expression is associated with the appearance of tissue insulin sensitivity, and 3) GLUT-2 is expressed early in liver, before the appearance of glucokinase.

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Insulin receptor gene expression in skeletal muscle and brown adipose tissue

Biochemical Society Transactions ◽

10.1042/bst0181263 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 18 (6) ◽

pp. 1263-1263 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

RACHEL M. KNOTT ◽

JOHN E. HESKETH ◽

PAUL TRAYHURN

Keyword(s):

Gene Expression ◽

Skeletal Muscle ◽

Adipose Tissue ◽

Brown Adipose Tissue ◽

Insulin Receptor ◽

Receptor Gene ◽

Insulin Receptor Gene ◽

Brown Adipose ◽

Insulin Receptor Gene Expression ◽

Receptor Gene Expression

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Changes in uncoupling protein and GLUT4 glucose transporter expressions in interscapular brown adipose tissue of diabetic rats: relative roles of hyperglycaemia and hypoinsulinaemia

Biochemical Journal ◽

10.1042/bj2910109 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 291 (1) ◽

pp. 109-113 ◽

Cited By ~ 23

Author(s):

R Burcelin ◽

J Kande ◽

D Ricquier ◽

J Girard

Keyword(s):

Adipose Tissue ◽

Brown Adipose Tissue ◽

Time Course ◽

Glucose Transporter ◽

Uncoupling Protein ◽

Mrna Level ◽

Diabetic Rats ◽

Plasma Insulin Concentration ◽

Interscapular Brown Adipose Tissue ◽

Brown Adipose

We have studied the time course and relative effects of hypoinsulinaemia and hyperglycaemia on concentrations of uncoupling protein (UCP) and glucose transporter (GLUT4) and their mRNAs in brown adipose tissue (BAT) during the early phase of diabetes induced by streptozotocin. Two days after intravenous injection of streptozotocin, plasma insulin concentration was at its lowest and glycaemia was higher than 22 mmol/l. After 3 days, a 60% decrease in BAT UCP mRNA concentration and a 36% decrease in UCP was observed. Concomitantly, there was an 80% decrease in GLUT4 mRNA and a 44% decrease in GLUT4 levels. When hyperglycaemia was prevented by infusing phlorizin into diabetic rats, BAT UCP mRNA and protein levels were further decreased (respectively 90% and 60% lower than in control rats). In contrast, the marked decreases in GLUT4 mRNA and protein concentrations in BAT were similar in hyperglycaemic and normoglycaemic diabetic rats. Infusion of physiological amounts of insulin restored normoglycaemia in diabetic rats, and BAT UCP and GLUT4 mRNA and protein concentrations were maintained at the level of control rats. When insulin infusion was stopped, a 75% decrease in BAT UCP mRNA level and a 75% decrease in GLUT4 mRNA level were observed after 24 h, but UCP and GLUT4 concentrations did not decrease. This study shows that insulin plays an important role in the regulation of UCP and GLUT4 mRNA and protein concentrations in BAT. Hyperglycaemia partially prevents the rapid decrease in concentration of UCP and its mRNA observed in insulinopenic diabetes whereas it did not affect the decrease in GLUT4 mRNA and protein concentration. It is suggested that UCP is produced by a glucose-dependent gene.

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Inhibition by Oxytetracycline of the Development of the Enhanced Response to Noradrenaline in Cold-Acclimated Rats: A New Approach to the Study of Nonshivering Thermogenesis

Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology ◽

10.1139/y71-070 ◽

1971 ◽

Vol 49 (6) ◽

pp. 545-553 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Jean Himms–Hagen

Keyword(s):

Skeletal Muscle ◽

Adipose Tissue ◽

Brown Adipose Tissue ◽

Cytochrome Oxidase ◽

Oxidase Activity ◽

Metabolic Response ◽

Inner Membrane ◽

Cytochrome Oxidase Activity ◽

Mitochondrial Inner Membrane ◽

Brown Adipose

The aim of these experiments was to depress the increased metabolic activity of the brown adipose tissue in the intact rat during acclimation to cold in order to elucidate further the possible thermogenic and endocrine functions of this tissue. The antibiotic oxytetracycline was administered twice daily for 2 weeks to rats living at 4 °C in an attempt to inhibit the proliferation of mitochondria and of mitochondrial inner membrane known to occur in the brown adipose tissue in response to cold; control rats received saline during the same period. Total cytochrome oxidase activity served as an index of the amount of mitochondrial inner membrane in brown adipose tissue, liver, and skeletal muscle. The development of an enhanced calorigenic response to intravenously infused noradrenaline served as an index of the extent of acclimation to cold.Treatment with oxytetracycline inhibited both the cold-induced increase in cytochrome oxidase activity in brown adipose tissue and the cold-induced development of an enhanced calorigenic response to noradrenaline in the intact rats; a direct correlation was noted between the amount of cytochrome oxidase in brown adipose tissue and the size of the metabolic response to noradrenaline of the intact animals. However, the amount of oxygen that could be consumed by the total cytochrome oxidase in the brown adipose tissue was itself too small to account for the increase in oxygen consumption by the rat. Treatment of the rats with oxytetracycline did not alter the cold-induced growth of brown adipose tissue (as judged by the increase in wet weight and the increase in total protein); it also did not alter the cytochrome oxidase activities of liver or skeletal muscle. The effect of oxytetracycline seems, therefore, to be fairly specific for the mitochondria of the most rapidly dividing tissue, the brown adipose tissue. The conclusion is drawn that a protein synthesized in the mitochondria of the brown adipose tissue in response to cold is essential for adaptation to cold.

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