scholarly journals Large-for-Gestational-Age May Be Associated With Lower Fetal Insulin Sensitivity and β-Cell Function Linked to Leptin

2018 ◽  
Vol 103 (10) ◽  
pp. 3837-3844 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Dong ◽  
Zhong-Cheng Luo ◽  
Anne Monique Nuyt ◽  
Francois Audibert ◽  
Shu-Qin Wei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Cord Blood ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Large For Gestational Age ◽  
Β Cell ◽  
Cord Plasma ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Β Cell Function

AbstractContextFetal overgrowth is associated with increased risk for type 2 diabetes in adulthood. It is unclear whether there are alterations in insulin sensitivity and β-cell function in early life.ObjectiveTo determine whether large-for-gestational-age (LGA) (birth weight > 90th percentile), an indicator of fetal overgrowth, is associated with altered fetal insulin sensitivity and β-cell function.Study Design, Population, and OutcomesIn the Design, Development, and Discover birth cohort in Canada, we studied 106 pairs of LGA and optimal-for-gestational-age (OGA; birth weight, 25th to 75th percentiles) infants matched by maternal ethnicity, smoking status, and gestational age. Cord plasma glucose-to-insulin ratio was used as an indicator of fetal insulin sensitivity, and proinsulin-to-insulin ratio was used as an indicator of β-cell function. Cord plasma leptin and high-molecular-weight (HMW) adiponectin concentrations were measured.ResultsComparisons of infants who were born LGA vs OGA, adjusted for maternal and newborn characteristics, showed that cord blood insulin, proinsulin, and leptin concentrations were significantly higher, whereas HWM adiponectin concentrations were similar. Glucose-to-insulin ratios were significantly lower (15.4 ± 28.1 vs 22.0 ± 24.9; P = 0.004), and proinsulin-to-insulin ratios significantly higher (0.73 ± 0.82 vs 0.60 ± 0.78; P = 0.005) in LGA vs OGA newborns, indicating lower insulin sensitivity and β-cell function in LGA newborns. These significant differences were almost unchanged after further adjustment for cord blood adiponectin levels but disappeared upon additional adjustment for cord blood leptin levels.ConclusionsThis study demonstrates that LGA may be associated with decreases in both fetal insulin sensitivity and β-cell function. The alterations appear to be linked to elevated leptin levels.

Cord blood insulin, IGF-I, IGF-II, leptin, adiponectin and ghrelin, and their associations with insulin sensitivity, β-cell function and adiposity in infancy

2018 ◽  
Vol 35 (10) ◽  
pp. 1412-1419 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. L. Zhang ◽  
Q. Du ◽  
A. Djemli ◽  
P. Julien ◽  
W. D. Fraser ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Cord Blood ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Β Cell ◽  
Blood Insulin ◽  
Igf I ◽  
Β Cell Function

The effects of aging on male mouse pancreatic β-cell function involve multiple events in the regulation of secretion: influence of insulin sensitivity

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva Tudurí ◽  
Sergi Soriano ◽  
Lucía Almagro ◽  
Anabel García-Heredia ◽  
Alex Rafacho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Secretion ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Aged Mouse ◽  
Β Cells ◽  
Β Cell ◽  
Peripheral Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Β Cell Function ◽  
Effects Of Aging

Abstract Aging is associated with a decline in peripheral insulin sensitivity and an increased risk of impaired glucose tolerance and type 2 diabetes. During conditions of reduced insulin sensitivity, pancreatic β-cells undergo adaptive responses to increase insulin secretion and maintain euglycemia. However, the existence and nature of β-cell adaptations and/or alterations during aging are still a matter of debate. In this study, we investigated the effects of aging on β-cell function from control (3-month-old) and aged (20-month-old) mice. Aged animals were further categorized in two groups: high insulin sensitive (aged-HIS) and low insulin sensitive (aged-LIS). Aged-LIS mice were hyperinsulinemic, glucose intolerant and displayed impaired glucose-stimulated insulin and C-peptide secretion, whereas aged-HIS animals showed characteristics in glucose homeostasis similar to controls. In isolated β-cells, we observed that glucose-induced inhibition of KATP channel activity was reduced with aging, particularly in the aged-LIS group. Glucose-induced islet NAD(P)H production was decreased in aged mice, suggesting impaired mitochondrial function. In contrast, voltage-gated Ca 2+ currents were higher in aged-LIS β-cells, and pancreatic islets of both aged groups displayed increased glucose-induced Ca 2+ signaling and augmented insulin secretion compared with controls. Morphological analysis of pancreas sections also revealed augmented β-cell mass with aging, especially in the aged-LIS group, as well as ultrastructural β-cell changes. Altogether, these findings indicate that aged mouse β-cells compensate for the aging-induced alterations in the stimulus-secretion coupling, particularly by adjusting their Ca 2+ influx to ensure insulin secretion. These results also suggest that decreased peripheral insulin sensitivity exacerbates the effects of aging on β-cells.

Elevated insulin sensitivity and β-cell function during pregnancy in mothers of growth-restricted newborns

2011 ◽  
Vol 301 (1) ◽  
pp. E25-E30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Grazia Dalfrà ◽  
Giovanni Pacini ◽  
Elena Parretti ◽  
Eugenio Ragazzi ◽  
Giorgio Mello ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Fetal Growth ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Disposition Index ◽  
Insulinogenic Index ◽  
Β Cell ◽  
Β Cell Function

The “Barker hypothesis” suggests that low birth weight might predict future risk of developing obesity, cardiovascular disease, and type 2 diabetes. Identification of the causes of fetal growth restriction (FGR) is critical for preventive and management strategies. Some studies indicate that maternal carbohydrate metabolism might be involved in FGR development. We aimed to evaluate, in a large number of normotensive pregnant women with normal glucose tolerance, the effect of insulin sensitivity and β-cell function on unexplained fetal growth. A total of 1,814 Caucasian pregnant women with normal prepregnancy body mass index were tested with a 75-g, 2-h glucose load (24–28 gestation wk). Insulin sensitivity was evaluated with fasting (QUICKI) and dynamic index (OGIS) and β-cell function with a modified insulinogenic index as ΔAUCinsulin/ΔAUCglucose and disposition index. FGR was a birth weight below the 5th percentile for gestational age. FGR developed in 99 (5.5%) pregnant women that showed significantly higher QUICKI, OGIS, insulinogenic, and disposition index with respect to women with normal-weight babies ( P < 0.0001). By using multiple regression analysis in the FRG group, QUICKI and OGIS appeared as significant independent variables ( P < 0.0001 and P < 0.0366, respectively). We conclude that elevated insulin sensitivity seems to be one of the factors involved in determining unexplained fetal growth retardation; its assessment, even only in the fasting state, could be useful to guide any possible monitoring and therapeutic strategies to reduce fetal complications.

Liver Fat Reduction After Gastric Banding and Associations with Changes in Insulin Sensitivity and β‐Cell Function

Obesity ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anny H. Xiang ◽  
Mayra P. Martinez ◽  
Enrique Trigo ◽  
Kristina M. Utzschneider ◽  
Melanie Cree‐Green ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Gastric Banding ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Liver Fat ◽  
Β Cell ◽  
Fat Reduction ◽  
Β Cell Function

β‐cell function, incretin response, and insulin sensitivity of glucose and fat metabolism in obese youth: Relationship to OGTT‐time‐to‐glucose‐peak

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-27
Author(s):  
Joon Young Kim ◽  
Hala Tfayli ◽  
Fida Bacha ◽  
SoJung Lee ◽  
Sara F. Michaliszyn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Fat Metabolism ◽  
Β Cell ◽  
Obese Youth ◽  
Β Cell Function

scholarly journals Adiponectin, Insulin Sensitivity, β-Cell Function, and Racial/Ethnic Disparity in Treatment Failure Rates in TODAY

Diabetes Care ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silva Arslanian ◽  
Laure El ghormli ◽  
Fida Bacha ◽  
Sonia Caprio ◽  
Robin Goland ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Treatment Failure ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Ethnic Disparity ◽  
Failure Rates ◽  
Β Cell ◽  
Β Cell Function ◽  
Racial Ethnic

scholarly journals Leptin Levels, β-Cell Function, and Insulin Sensitivity in Families with Congenital and Acquired Generalized Lipoatropic Diabetes1

1998 ◽  
Vol 83 (2) ◽  
pp. 503-508
Author(s):  
Victor C. Pardini ◽  
Ivana M. N. Victória ◽  
Selma M. V. Rocha ◽  
Danielle G. Andrade ◽  
Aline M. Rocha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Temporal Relationship ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Homeostasis Model Assessment ◽  
Β Cell ◽  
Insulin Levels ◽  
Β Cell Function ◽  
Plasma Leptin ◽  
Specific Insulin

Lipoatropic diabetes (LD) designates a group of syndromes characterized by diabetes mellitus with marked insulin resistance and either a localized or generalized absence of adipose tissue. In this study, we evaluated plasma leptin levels in subjects with congenital generalized lipoatropic diabetes (CGLD, n = 11) or acquired generalized lipoatropic diabetes (AGLD, n = 11), and assessed correlations between leptin levels and estimations of insulin secretion and insulin sensitivity using homeostasis model assessment (HOMA). Leptin levels were 0.86 ± 0.32, 1.76 ± 0.78, and 6.9 ± 4.4 ng/mL in subjects with CGLD, AGLD, and controls (n = 19), respectively (ANOVA P &lt; 0.0001). Specific insulin levels were 154 ± 172, 177 ± 137 and 43 ± 22 pmol/L, respectively (P &lt; 0.0001). Insulin sensitivity was significantly decreased in both groups with LD (P&lt; 0.0001), whereas HOMA β-cell function was not significantly different when compared with controls. Leptin levels were significantly correlated with body mass index, insulin levels, and HOMA β-cell function, and inversely correlated with insulin sensitivity in control subjects but not in subjects with generalized LD. In conclusion, decreased leptin levels were observed in subjects with generalized LD, with a trend towards lower levels in the acquired than in the congenital form (P = 0.06). The temporal relationship between the decrease in leptin levels and the development of lipoatrophy should be investigated in at-risk young relatives of subjects with the acquired forms to assess the usefulness of leptin levels as a marker of lipoatrophy.

scholarly journals Distinctive postprandial modulation of β cell function and insulin sensitivity by dietary fats: monounsaturated compared with saturated fatty acids

2008 ◽  
Vol 88 (3) ◽  
pp. 638-644 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergio López ◽  
Beatriz Bermúdez ◽  
Yolanda M Pacheco ◽  
José Villar ◽  
Rocío Abia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Dietary Fats ◽  
Β Cell ◽  
Β Cell Function
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