Implementing cognitive services in community pharmacy: a review of facilitators used in practice change

Pharmaceutical care models and practices differ in various countries. Reimbursement for cognitive services, for example, varies across countries in Europe, Asia, and the Americas. Practice-based research has blossomed in many countries, with different emphases and challenges. This international series will describe the organization of community pharmacy within the healthcare system and report the status of practice-based research. Each paper will focus on one country. The series will conclude with a summary by the series editors describing the key themes across the papers, outlining milestones yet to be achieved, and proposing a research agenda for community pharmacy practice.

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PHP109 Practice Change in Italian Community Pharmacy: An Analysis of Managerial Implication

Value in Health ◽

10.1016/j.jval.2012.08.651 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 15 (7) ◽

pp. A308

Author(s):

E. Vagnoni ◽

M. Heidari

Keyword(s):

Community Pharmacy ◽

Practice Change ◽

Managerial Implication ◽

Italian Community

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Evaluation of a Community Pharmacy Reimbursement Model for Cognitive Services-

Journal of Pharmaceutical Finance Economics & Policy ◽

10.1300/j371v13n01_06 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

pp. 69-95 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Harold Lopatka

Keyword(s):

Community Pharmacy ◽

Cognitive Services

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Evaluating knowledge, skills, and practice change after an accredited evidence-based medicine course for community pharmacy preceptors

Currents in Pharmacy Teaching and Learning ◽

10.1016/j.cptl.2019.04.008 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (8) ◽

pp. 802-809

Author(s):

Bridget Paravattil ◽

Sara Shabana ◽

Daniel Rainkie ◽

Kyle J. Wilby

Keyword(s):

Community Pharmacy ◽

Evidence Based Medicine ◽

Practice Change ◽

Evidence Based ◽

Based Medicine

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Providing Patient Care in Community Pharmacies in Australia

Annals of Pharmacotherapy ◽

10.1345/aph.1g165 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 39 (11) ◽

pp. 1911-1917 ◽

Cited By ~ 35

Author(s):

Shalom I Benrimoj ◽

Alison S Roberts

Keyword(s):

Community Pharmacy ◽

Management Strategy ◽

Drug Information ◽

Pharmacy Practice ◽

Practice Change ◽

Community Pharmacies ◽

Significant Shift ◽

Data Synthesis ◽

Primary Health ◽

Provision Of Services

OBJECTIVE To describe Australia's community pharmacy network in the context of the health system and outline the provision of services. DATA SYNTHESIS The 5000 community pharmacies form a key component of the healthcare system for Australians, for whom health expenditures represent 9% of the Gross Domestic Product. A typical community pharmacy dispenses 880 prescriptions per week. Pharmacists are key partners in the Government's National Medicines Policy and contribute to its objectives through the provision of cognitive pharmaceutical services (CPS). The Third Community Pharmacy Agreement included funding for CPS including medication review and the provision of written drug information. Funding is also provided for a quality assurance platform with which the majority of pharmacies are accredited. Fifteen million dollars (Australian) have been allocated to research in community pharmacy, which has focused on achieving quality use of medicines (QUM), as well as developing new CPS and facilitating change. Elements of the Agreements have taken into account QUM principles and are now significant drivers of practice change. Although accounting for 10% of remuneration for community pharmacy, the provision of CPS represents a significant shift in focus to view pharmacy as a service provider. Delivery of CPS through the community pharmacy network provides sustainability for primary health care due to improvement in quality presumably associated with a reduction in healthcare costs. CONCLUSIONS Australian pharmacy practice is moving strongly in the direction of CPS provision; however, change does not occur easily. The development of a change management strategy is underway to improve the uptake of professional and business opportunities in community pharmacy.

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