Reversible brain atrophy following liver transplantation for biliary atresia in childhood

2020 ◽  
pp. 10.1212/CPJ.0000000000000991
Author(s):  
Aikaterini Fitsiori ◽  
Valérie McLin ◽  
Seema Toso ◽  
Maria-Isabel Vargas
Keyword(s):  
Liver Transplantation ◽  
Anorexia Nervosa ◽  
Biliary Atresia ◽  
Brain Atrophy ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Rare Case ◽  
Brain Volume ◽  
The Other ◽  
Volume Loss ◽  
Brain Volume Loss

A great deal of the brain's ultimate structure and capacity is shaped early in life, before the age of 3 years.1The influence of optimal nutrition during early life on brain development has been demonstrated by numerous studies.1–3 On the other hand, brain volume loss is accepted to be progressive with age and may be permanent. However, reversible brain atrophy has been demonstrated in adults with anorexia nervosa4 and reported in children suffering from kwashiorkor.5,6 We would like to report on a rare case of reversible brain atrophy in a child following correction of malabsorption.

scholarly journals The reduction of astrocytes and brain volume loss in anorexia nervosa—the impact of starvation and refeeding in a rodent model

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda Frintrop ◽  
Stefanie Trinh ◽  
Johanna Liesbrock ◽  
Christina Leunissen ◽  
Julia Kempermann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anorexia Nervosa ◽  
Brain Volume ◽  
Rodent Model ◽  
Volume Loss ◽  
Brain Volume Loss ◽  
The Impact

Clinical impact of early brain atrophy in clinically isolated syndromes

2013 ◽  
Vol 19 (14) ◽  
pp. 1878-1886 ◽  
Author(s):  
F Pérez-Miralles ◽  
J Sastre-Garriga ◽  
M Tintoré ◽  
G Arrambide ◽  
C Nos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Atrophy ◽  
Grey Matter ◽  
Brain Volume ◽  
First Year ◽  
Grey Matter Volume ◽  
Volume Loss ◽  
Mcdonald Criteria ◽  
Brain Volume Loss ◽  
Clinical Onset ◽  
The Impact

Background: The impact of global and tissue-specific brain atrophy on conversion to multiple sclerosis (MS) after a clinically isolated syndrome (CIS) is not fully gauged. Objectives: We aimed to determine the magnitude and clinical relevance of brain volume dynamics in the first year after a CIS. Methods: We assessed 176 patients with CIS within 3 months of onset, clinically and by conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans, at baseline and 1 year after clinical onset. We determined the percentage of brain volume change (PBVC) and the brain parenchymal (BPF), grey matter (GMF) and white matter (WMF) fractions. Results: The mean follow-up time was 53 months (SD = 16.8): 76 patients (43%) experienced a second attack, 32 (18%) fulfilled MRI-only 2005 McDonald criteria and 68 (39%) remained as CIS. Statistically significant decreases in the volume measures tested were observed in patients with a second attack, for BPF and PBVC; in both MS groups for GMF; whereas in all groups, the WMF was unchanged. Patients with a second attack had larger PBVC decreases (− 0.65% versus + 0.059%; p < 0.001). PBVC decreases below − 0.817% independently predicted shorter times to a second attack. Conclusions: Global brain and grey matter volume loss occurred within the first year after a CIS; brain volume loss predicted conversion to MS.

scholarly journals The aging human brain: A causal analysis of the effect of sex and age on brain volume

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaime Gómez-Ramírez ◽  
Miguel A. Fernández-Blázquez ◽  
Javier González-Rosa
Keyword(s):  
Old Age ◽  
Brain Atrophy ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Brain Volume ◽  
Causal Analysis ◽  
Intracranial Volume ◽  
Volume Loss ◽  
Brain Volume Loss ◽  
Mri Scans ◽  
The Brain

AbstractThe goal of this work is to study how brain volume loss at old age is affected by factors such as age, APOE gene, sex, and school level. The study of brain volume loss at old age relative to young age requires at least in principle two MRI scans performed at both young and old age. There is, however, a way to address the problem by having only one MRI scan at old age. We compute the total brain loss of elderly subjects as the ratio between the estimated brain volume and the estimated total intracranial volume. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans of 890 healthy subjects aged 69 to 85 were assessed. The causal analysis of factors affecting brain atrophy was performed using Probabilistic Bayesian Modeling and the mathematics of Causal Inference. We find that healthy subjects get into their seventies with an average brain volume loss of 30% from their maximum brain volume at a young age. Both age and sex are causally related to brain atrophy, with women getting to elderly age with 1% larger brain volume relative to intracranial volume than men. How the brain ages and what are the reasons for sex differences in adult lifespan are causal questions that need to be addressed with causal inference and empirical data. The graphical causal modeling presented here can be instrumental in understanding a puzzling scientific inquiry-the biological age of the brain.

Brain Volume Loss During the First Year of Interferon-Beta Treatment in Multiple Sclerosis: Baseline Inflammation and Regional Brain Volume Dynamics

2016 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 532-538 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela Vidal-Jordana ◽  
Jaume Sastre-Garriga ◽  
Francisco Pérez-Miralles ◽  
Deborah Pareto ◽  
Jordi Rio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Interferon Beta ◽  
Brain Volume ◽  
First Year ◽  
Volume Loss ◽  
Brain Volume Loss ◽  
Regional Brain ◽  
Regional Brain Volume

scholarly journals Learning ability correlates with brain atrophy and disability progression in RRMS

2018 ◽  
Vol 90 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Pia Sormani ◽  
Nicola De Stefano ◽  
Gavin Giovannoni ◽  
Dawn Langdon ◽  
Daniela Piani-Meier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Brain Volume ◽  
Practice Effect ◽  
Wilcoxon Test ◽  
Learning Ability ◽  
Lesion Volume ◽  
Volume Loss ◽  
Disability Progression ◽  
Brain Volume Loss ◽  
Quartile Group

ObjectiveTo assess the prognostic value of practice effect on Paced Auditory Serial Addition Test (PASAT) in multiple sclerosis.MethodsWe compared screening (day −14) and baseline (day 0) PASAT scores of 1009 patients from the FTY720 Research Evaluating Effects of Daily Oral therapy in Multiple Sclerosis (FREEDOMS) trial. We grouped patients into high and low learners if their PASAT score change was above or below the median change in their screening PASAT quartile group. We used Wilcoxon test to compare baseline disease characteristics between high and low learners, and multiple regression models to assess the respective impact of learning ability, baseline normalised brain volume and treatment on brain volume loss and 6-month confirmed disability progression over 2 years.ResultsThe mean PASAT score at screening was 45.38, increasing on average by 3.18 from day −14 to day 0. High learners were younger (p=0.003), had lower Expanded Disability Status Scale score (p=0.031), higher brain volume (p<0.001) and lower T2 lesion volume (p=0.009) at baseline. Learning status was not significantly associated with disability progression (HR=0.953, p=0.779), when adjusting for baseline normalised brain volume, screening PASAT score and treatment arm. However, the effect of fingolimod on disability progression was more pronounced in high learners (HR=0.396, p<0.001) than in low learners (HR=0.798, p=0.351; p for interaction=0.05). Brain volume loss at month 24 tended to be higher in low learners (0.17%, p=0.058), after adjusting for the same covariates.ConclusionsShort-term practice effects on PASAT are related to brain volume, disease severity and age and have clinically meaningful prognostic implications. High learners benefited more from fingolimod treatment.

Does Brain Volume Loss Predict Cognitive and Narrative Discourse Performance Following Traumatic Brain Injury?

2014 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen Lê ◽  
Carl Coelho ◽  
Jennifer Mozeiko ◽  
Frank Krueger ◽  
Jordan Grafman
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Brain Volume ◽  
Brain Lesion ◽  
Cognitive Status ◽  
Narrative Discourse ◽  
Volume Loss ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Cognitive Measures ◽  
Immediate Memory ◽  
Brain Volume Loss

Purpose In this study, the authors investigated the relationship between brain volume loss and performance on cognitive measures, including working memory, immediate memory, executive functions, and intelligence, and a narrative discourse production task. An underlying goal was to examine the prognostic potential of a brain lesion metric for discourse outcomes. It was hypothesized that brain volume loss would correlate with and predict cognitive and narrative discourse measures and have prognostic value for discourse outcomes. Method One hundred sixty-seven individuals with penetrating head injury participated. Correlational and regression analyses were performed for the percentages of total brain and hemispheric volume loss and scores on 4 cognitive measures (WMS–III Working Memory and Immediate Memory primary indexes, D-KEFS Sorting Test, and WAIS–III Full Scale IQ) and 7 narrative discourse measures (T-units, grammatical complexity, cohesion, local and global coherence, story completeness, and story grammar). Results The volumetric measures had significant small-to-moderate correlations with all cognitive measures but only one significant correlation with the discourse measures. Findings from regression analyses were analogous but revealed several models that approached significance. Conclusion Findings suggest that an overall measure of brain damage may be more predictive of general cognitive status than of narrative discourse ability. Atrophy measures in specific brain regions may be more informative.

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