scholarly journals Population-Based Epidemiology Study of Paraneoplastic Neurologic Syndromes

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. e1124
Author(s):  
Shailee Shah ◽  
Eoin P. Flanagan ◽  
Pritikanta Paul ◽  
Carin Y. Smith ◽  
Sandra C. Bryant ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
The United States ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Years Of Life Lost ◽  
Disability Adjusted Life Years ◽  
Epidemiology Study ◽  
Disability Adjusted Life ◽  
Life Years ◽  
Years Lived With Disability ◽  
Paraneoplastic Neurologic Syndromes

ObjectivesPopulation-based epidemiologic data for paraneoplastic neurologic syndromes (PNSs) in the United States are lacking. Our objective was to evaluate the incidence, prevalence, and associated morbidity of PNS.MethodsWe performed a population-based epidemiology study in Olmsted County, Minnesota, with patients identified between January 1, 1987, and December 31, 2018, using the medical records linkage system of the Rochester Epidemiology Project (REP) who met the definite/probable 2021 PNS criteria and 2004 PNS criteria. Patients with dermatomyositis and myasthenia gravis with underlying tumors were included. Age- and sex-specific population counts were obtained from REP resources for January 1, 2014 (prevalence denominator) and annually for 1987–2018 (incidence denominator). Morbidity was estimated using disability-adjusted life years (DALYs; years lived with disability [YLD] plus years of life lost [YLL]).ResultsThere were 28 patients with PNS identified (50% female) residing in Olmsted County, Minnesota, with median age at diagnosis of 54.5 (IQR 46.5–69.0) years. All patients had a cancer diagnosis, and 18 (64%) patients were neural autoantibody positive including antineuronal nuclear autoantibody type 1 (ANNA-1/anti-Hu; n = 1), ANNA-2/anti-Ri (n = 1), muscle-type acetylcholine receptor (AChR; n = 6), Purkinje cell cytoplasmic antibody type 1 (PCA-1/anti-Yo; n = 1), kelch-like protein 11 (KLH11; n = 3), collapsin response mediator protein 5 (CRMP-5/anti-CV2; n = 2), α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionic acid receptor (n = 1), neurofilament light chain (n = 1), leucine zipper 4 (LUZP4; n = 1), and unclassified neural antibodies (n = 1). PNS incidence was 0.6/100,000 person-years and increased over time from 0.4/100,000 person-years (1987–2002) to 0.8/100,000 person-years (2003–2018) (p = 0.06). Prevalence was 5.4/100,000 people. The median follow-up period after PNS diagnosis was 3.1 years (IQR, 1.1–9.9 years). Total disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) for 28 patients with PNS were 472.7 years, based on total years of life lost (YLL) for patients dying between 1987 and 2018 (n = 15) of 445.3 years plus years lived with disability (YLD) 27.4 years.DiscussionPNSs are rare neurologic disorders but are associated with severe morbidity and mortality. The estimated number of prevalent PNS cases in the United States is 17,099, and predicted DALY for all US PNS cases is 292,393 years. Their apparent increasing rate of detection is attributable to increasing physician awareness and availability of serologic testing.

scholarly journals Estimating Disability-Adjusted Life Years (DALYs) in Community Cases of Norovirus in England

Viruses ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 184
Author(s):  
John P Harris ◽  
Miren Iturriza-Gomara ◽  
Sarah J O’Brien
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Diseases ◽  
Years Of Life Lost ◽  
Disability Adjusted Life Years ◽  
Healthy Life ◽  
England And Wales ◽  
Infected People ◽  
Disability Adjusted Life ◽  
Life Years ◽  
Years Lived With Disability

Disability adjusted life years (DALYs) have been used since the 1990s. It is a composite measure of years of life lost with years lived with disability. Essentially, one DALY is the equivalent of a year of healthy life lost if a person had not experienced disease. Norovirus is the most common cause of gastrointestinal diseases worldwide. Norovirus activity varies from one season to the next for reasons not fully explained. Infection with norovirus is generally not severe, and is normally characterized as mild and self-limiting with no long-term sequelae. In this study, we model a range of estimates of DALYs for community cases of norovirus in England and Wales. We estimated a range of DALYs for norovirus to account for mixing of the severity of disease and the range of length of illness experienced by infected people. Our estimates were between 1159 and 4283 DALYs per year, or 0.3–1.2 years of healthy life lost per thousand cases of norovirus. These estimates provide evidence that norovirus leads to a considerable level of ill health in England and Wales. This information will be helpful should candidate norovirus vaccines become available in the future.

scholarly journals The burden of atherosclerosis in Portugal

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
João Costa ◽  
Joana Alarcão ◽  
Francisco Araujo ◽  
Raquel Ascenção ◽  
Daniel Caldeira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Burden Of Disease ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Premature Death ◽  
Mortality Data ◽  
Years Of Life Lost ◽  
Disability Adjusted Life Years ◽  
Mainland Portugal ◽  
Disability Adjusted Life ◽  
Life Years ◽  
Years Lived With Disability

Abstract Aims This article sought to estimate the burden of disease attributable to atherosclerosis in mainland Portugal in 2016. Methods and results The burden of atherosclerosis was measured in disability-adjusted life years following the latest 2010 Global Burden of Disease (GBD) methodology. Disability-adjusted life years were estimated as the sum of years of life lost (YLL) with years lived with disability (YLD). The following clinical manifestations of atherosclerosis were included: ischaemic heart disease (IHD) (including acute myocardial infarction, stable angina, and ischaemic heart failure), ischaemic cerebrovascular disease (ICVD), and peripheral arterial disease (PAD). Years of life lost were estimated based on all-cause mortality data for the Portuguese population and mortality due to IHD, ICVD, and PAD for the year 2016 sourced from national statistics. Standard life expectancy was sourced from the GBD study. Years lived with disability corresponded to the product of the number of prevalent cases by an average disability weight for all possible combinations of disease. Prevalence data for the different clinical manifestations of atherosclerosis were sourced from epidemiological studies. Disability weights were sourced from the published literature. In 2016, 15 123 deaths were attributable to atherosclerosis, which corresponded to 14.3% of overall mortality in mainland Portugal. Disability-adjusted life years totalled 260 943, 75% due to premature death (196 438 YLL) and 25% due to disability (64 505 YLD). Conclusion Atherosclerosis entails a high disease burden to society. A large part of this burden would be avoidable if evidence-based effective and cost-effective interventions targeting known risk factors, from prevention to treatment, were implemented.

scholarly journals Diabetes burden in Brazil: fraction attributable to overweight, obesity, and excess weight

2015 ◽  
Vol 49 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Luísa Sorio Flor ◽  
Monica Rodrigues Campos ◽  
Andreia Ferreira de Oliveira ◽  
Joyce Mendes de Andrade Schramm
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Excess Weight ◽  
Individual Risk ◽  
Years Of Life Lost ◽  
Disability Adjusted Life Years ◽  
Disability Adjusted Life ◽  
Life Years ◽  
Years Lived With Disability

OBJECTIVE To estimate the burden of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its percentage attributable to overweight and obesity in Brazil.METHODS The burden of diabetes mellitus was described in terms of disability-adjusted life years, which is the sum of two components: years of life lost and years lived with disability. To calculate the fraction of diabetes mellitus attributable to overweight, obesity, and excess weight, we used the prevalence of these risk factors according to sex and age groups (> 20 years) obtained from the 2008 Pesquisa Dimensões Sociais das Desigualdades (Social Dimensions of Inequality Survey) and the relative risks derived from the international literature.RESULTS Diabetes mellitus accounted for 5.4% of Brazilian disability-adjusted life years in 2008, with the largest fraction attributed to the morbidity component (years lived with disability). Women exhibited higher values for disability-adjusted life years. In Brazil, 49.2%, 58.3%, and 70.6% of diabetes mellitus in women was attributable to overweight, obesity, and excess weight, respectively. Among men, these percentages were 40.5%, 45.4%, and 60.3%, respectively. Differences were observed with respect to Brazilian regions and age groups.CONCLUSIONS A large fraction of diabetes mellitus was attributable to preventable individual risk factors and, in about six years, the contribution of these factors significant increased, particularly among men. Policies aimed at promoting healthy lifestyle habits, such as a balanced diet and physical activity, can have a significant impact on reducing the burden of diabetes mellitus in Brazil.

scholarly journals Carga de doença no Brasil: um olhar sobre o álcool e a cirrose não viral

2015 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 491-501 ◽  
Author(s):  
Flávia Batista Portugal ◽  
Mônica Rodrigues Campos ◽  
Juliana Ribeiro de Carvalho ◽  
Luisa Sório Flor ◽  
Joyce Mendes de Andrade Schramm ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Years Of Life Lost ◽  
Disability Adjusted Life Years ◽  
Disability Adjusted Life ◽  
Life Years ◽  
Years Lived With Disability

O uso/dependência de álcool é importante fator de risco para o desenvolvimento da cirrose. O objetivo deste artigo é descrever e analisar o DALY (Disability Adjusted Life Years), o YLL (Years of Life Lost) e o YLD (Years Lived with Disability) de uso/dependência de álcool e da cirrose de etiologia não viral no Brasil, em 2008. O DALY foi calculado pela soma do YLL e do YLD. Para o YLL, foi utilizada a média dos óbitos de 2007-2009 no país. Através da revisão de dados epidemiológicos e do uso da ferramenta DisMod, a prevalência de cada um dos agravos foi modelada, gerando dados de incidência para o cálculo do YLD. O álcool e a cirrose foram responsáveis, respectivamente, por 3% e 1% do DALY total. Considerando-se as dez primeiras causas de DALY para homens, o uso/ dependência de álcool ocupou a segunda, terceira e sexta posições nas idades de 15-29, 30-44 e 45-59 anos, respectivamente. A cirrose ocupou a oitava posição no grupo de 30-44 anos; a quinta, no de 45-59 e a oitava, no de 60-69. A distribuição dos agravos por faixa etária sugere que intervenções direcionadas ao uso/dependência de álcool terão efeitos na carga de cirrose alcoólica no país.

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