Black and White Workers

1988 ◽  
pp. 85-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
George Reid Andrews
Keyword(s):  
Black And White ◽  
White Workers

scholarly journals Quantifying the contribution of occupational segregation to racial disparities in health: A gap-closing perspective

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian Lundberg
Keyword(s):  
Racial Disparities ◽  
Occupational Segregation ◽  
Structural Racism ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Causal Assumptions ◽  
Micro Level ◽  
White Workers ◽  
Racial Disparities In Health ◽  
Population Disparity ◽  
Gap Closing

Racism causes racial disparities in health, and structural racism has many components. Focusing on one of those components, this paper addresses occupational segregation. I document high onset of work-limiting disabilities in occupations where many workers identify as non-Hispanic Black or as Hispanic. I then pivot to a causal question. Suppose we took a sample from the population and reassigned their occupations to be a function of education alone. To what degree would health disparities narrow for that sample? Using observational data, I estimate that the disparity between non-Hispanic Black and white workers would narrow by one-third. This estimate is credible because of adjustment for lagged measures of demographics, human capital, and health carried out under transparent causal assumptions. The result contributes to understanding about inequality and health by quantifying the contribution of occupational segregation to a disparity: if we took a sample and reassigned occupations, the disparity would narrow but would not disappear. The paper contributes to methodology by illustrating an approach to macro-level claims (how segregation affects a population disparity) that draws on explicitly causal micro-level analyses (potential outcomes for individuals) for which data are abundant.

Political Parties and Labor-Market Outcomes: Evidence from US States

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 198-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louis-Philippe Beland
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Political Parties ◽  
Labor Market Outcomes ◽  
Regression Discontinuity Design ◽  
Market Outcomes ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Earnings Gap ◽  
Causal Impact ◽  
White Workers

This paper estimates the causal impact of the party allegiance (Republican or Democratic) of US governors on labor-market outcomes. I match gubernatorial elections with March Current Population Survey (CPS) data for income years 1977 to 2008. Using a regression discontinuity design, I find that Democratic governors cause an increase in the annual hours worked by blacks relative to whites, which leads to a reduction in the racial earnings gap between black and white workers. The results are consistent and robust to using a wide range of models, controls, and specifications. (JEL D72, J15, J22, J31, R23)

scholarly journals The Earnings Gap between Black and White Workers in Canada: Evidence from the 2006 Census

2011 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 324-348 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gervan Fearon ◽  
Steven Wald
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Occupational Segregation ◽  
Wage Discrimination ◽  
Occupational Attainment ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Black Workers ◽  
Decomposition Approach ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Earnings Gap ◽  
White Workers

This paper investigates the earnings gap between Black and White workers in the Canadian economy using 2006 Canadian Census data. Several studies have examined visible minority earnings in Canada (e.g., Hou and Coulombe, 2010; Pendakur and Pendakur, 2011; Yap and Konrad, 2009). Recent research consistently finds that Black workers face one of the largest earnings gaps amongst ethnic groups in Canada (Pendakur and Pendakur, 2002, 2007; Hou and Coulombe, 2010). Nonetheless, the literature lacks an investigation of the combined impact of wage discrimination and occupational segregation on the earnings gap faced by Black workers in the Canadian labour market. Howland and Sakellariou (1993) as well as Hou and Coulombe (2010) highlighted the importance of occupational attainment differences in labour market outcomes. Consequently, this research suggests the need for occupational attainment to be incorporated into models investigating earnings gaps. We address the gap in the literature by utilizing the decomposition method developed by Brown, Moon and Zoloth (1980). This BMZ method extends the traditional earnings decomposition methods advanced by Blinder (1973) and Oaxaca (1973) by also identifying the role played by occupational differences. Specifically, the BMZ method estimates the portion of the earnings gap attributable to differences in productive endowments and to unexplained factors (i.e., the traditional decomposition approach) as well as extending the traditional approach by providing a calculation of the portion of the earnings gap explained by occupational attainment differences. The study finds that approximately one-fifth of the Black-White earnings gap (equaling $2,600) can be attributed to productivity-related endowment differences. Furthermore, the remaining four-fifths of the earnings gap (equaling $9,800) is attributable at the upper-bound level to occupational segregation and wage discrimination. In aggregate, the estimates of occupational segregation and wage discrimination translate into annual earnings losses of approximately $1.5 billion for full-time full-year Black workers in the Canadian workforce.

scholarly journals Religious Workers' Density and the Racial Earnings Gap

2016 ◽  
Vol 106 (5) ◽  
pp. 355-359
Author(s):  
Fernando Lozano ◽  
Jessica Shiwen Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Black Workers ◽  
Market Outcomes ◽  
Childhood Exposure ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Earnings Gap ◽  
Percent Increase ◽  
Hispanic Workers ◽  
Sources Of Variation ◽  
White Workers ◽  
The Relationship

We explore differences between Black and White Non-Hispanic workers in the relationship between childhood exposure to religious workers and a worker's labor market outcomes thirty years later. We identify this relationship by exploiting two sources of variation: we use changes in the number of religious workers within states, and we use states' differences by following workers who moved to a different state. Our results suggest that a one percent increase in the number of clergy increases the earnings of Black workers by a range from 0.027 to 0.082 percent relative to the increase in the earnings of White workers.

Down on the Killing Floor: Black and White Workers in Chicago's Packinghouses, 1904-54.

1998 ◽  
Vol 85 (3) ◽  
pp. 1123
Author(s):  
Thomas J. Jablonsky ◽  
Rick Halpern
Keyword(s):  
Black And White ◽  
White Workers
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