Endoscopic Third Ventriculostomy in Pediatric Patients: The Canadian Experience

Neurosurgery ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 60 (5) ◽  
pp. 881-886 ◽  
Author(s):  
James M. Drake
Keyword(s):  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Endoscopic Third Ventriculostomy ◽  
Cox Model ◽  
Pediatric Neurosurgery ◽  
Third Ventriculostomy ◽  
Time To Failure ◽  
Success Rates ◽  
Accurate Analysis ◽  
Young Infants ◽  
Small Series

Abstract OBJECTIVE Reports from relatively small series of pediatric patients predominantly from single centers have hampered accurate analysis of outcome from endoscopic third ventriculostomy. We combined patients from nine pediatric neurosurgery centers across Canada to obtain a better estimate of outcome and identify factors affecting success of the procedure. METHODS Databases were recoded for uniformity. Failure of the procedure was defined as any subsequent operation or death resulting from hydrocephalus. Time to failure was analyzed by Kaplan-Meier estimate and Cox proportional hazard analysis. RESULTS During a 15-year period (1989–2004), 368 patients underwent the procedure. The average age was 6.5 years, and 57% were male. Aqueduct stenosis and tumors were the most common etiology, comprising 34 and 29%, respectively. Twenty-two percent of the patients had been previously shunted. The 1- and 5-year success rates were 65 and 52%, respectively. Factors included in the Cox model were age, sex, etiology of hydrocephalus, previous surgery, center volume, and surgeon volume. By multivariate analysis, only age had a significant effect on outcome, with younger patients failing at higher rates, particularly neonates and infants. CONCLUSION Based on data from multiple Canadian centers, age seems to be the primary determinant of outcome in endoscopic third ventriculostomy in pediatric patients. Failure rates are particularly high in neonates and young infants; thus, the role of this procedure in this age group should be carefully considered.

scholarly journals Endoscopic third ventriculostomy and repeat endoscopic third ventriculostomy in pediatric patients: the Dutch experience

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 314-323 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerben E. Breimer ◽  
Ruben Dammers ◽  
Peter A. Woerdeman ◽  
Dennis R. Buis ◽  
Hans Delye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Endoscopic Third Ventriculostomy ◽  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
External Ventricular Drain ◽  
Treatment Success ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Hazard Ratio ◽  
Third Ventriculostomy ◽  
Success Rates ◽  
C Statistic

OBJECTIVEAfter endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV), some patients develop recurrent symptoms of hydrocephalus. The optimal treatment for these patients is not clear: repeat ETV (re-ETV) or CSF shunting. The goals of the study were to assess the effectiveness of re-ETV relative to initial ETV in pediatric patients and validate the ETV success score (ETVSS) for re-ETV.METHODSRetrospective data of 624 ETV and 93 re-ETV procedures were collected from 6 neurosurgical centers in the Netherlands (1998–2015). Multivariable Cox proportional hazards modeling was used to provide an adjusted estimate of the hazard ratio for re-ETV failure relative to ETV failure. The correlation coefficient between ETVSS and the chance of re-ETV success was calculated using Kendall’s tau coefficient. Model discrimination was quantified using the c-statistic. The effects of intraoperative findings and management on re-ETV success were also analyzed.RESULTSThe hazard ratio for re-ETV failure relative to ETV failure was 1.23 (95% CI 0.90–1.69; p = 0.20). At 6 months, the success rates for both ETV and re-ETV were 68%. ETVSS was significantly related to the chances of re-ETV success (τ = 0.37; 95% bias corrected and accelerated CI 0.21–0.52; p < 0.001). The c-statistic was 0.74 (95% CI 0.64–0.85). The presence of prepontine arachnoid membranes and use of an external ventricular drain (EVD) were negatively associated with treatment success, with ORs of 4.0 (95% CI 1.5–10.5) and 9.7 (95% CI 3.4–27.8), respectively.CONCLUSIONSRe-ETV seems to be as safe and effective as initial ETV. ETVSS adequately predicts the chance of successful re-ETV. The presence of prepontine arachnoid membranes and the use of EVD negatively influence the chance of success.

Preoperative third ventricular bowing as a predictor of endoscopic third ventriculostomy success

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 182-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian J. Dlouhy ◽  
Ana W. Capuano ◽  
Karthik Madhavan ◽  
James C. Torner ◽  
Jeremy D. W. Greenlee
Keyword(s):  
Endoscopic Third Ventriculostomy ◽  
Third Ventriculostomy ◽  
Lamina Terminalis ◽  
Time To Failure ◽  
Success Rates ◽  
Patient Age ◽  
The Third ◽  
Predominant Component ◽  
Patient Âgé ◽  
History Of

Object Patients with hydrocephalus often present with both intraventricular obstructive and communicating components, and determination of the predominant component is difficult. Other investigators have observed that third ventricular floor deformation, or “bowing” of the third ventricular floor, is a good indicator of intraventricular obstructive hydrocephalus, resulting in higher success rates with endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV). However, additional third ventricular bowing assessment and statistical evidence demonstrating a difference in ETV outcome with third ventricular bowing is needed. The authors hypothesized that patients with preoperative bowing of the third ventricle would exhibit greater long-term success rates after ETV and that lack of bowing would result in increased failure rates after ETV. Methods The authors determined success and failure for 59 ETVs performed in 56 patients, and recorded patient age, time to failure, and preoperative third ventricular anatomy, as well as history of infection, intraventricular hemorrhage, and previous shunt. Third ventricular anatomy was assessed on MR imaging for bowing, which was classified as any of the following: depression of the third ventricular floor, enlargement of the supraoptic recess, anterior curvature of the lamina terminalis, dilation of the proximal aqueduct to a greater extent than the distal aqueduct, and blunting or posterior bowing of the suprapineal recess. Univariate and multivariate analyses of ETV failure and the time to failure were performed using logistic regression and the Cox proportional hazards model, respectively. Results After adjusting for patient age and history of infection, there was a significant association between lack of anterior third ventricular preoperative bowing (either lamina terminalis, supraoptic recess, or third ventricular floor) and ETV failure (adjusted HR 2.79, 95% CI 1.08–7.20). Of the patients with bowing, 70.5% experienced success with ETV, as did 33.3% of the patients without bowing. Among the individual structures, absence of bowing in the anterior aspect of the third ventricular floor was significantly associated with censored time to ETV failure (multivariate HR 2.59, 95% CI 1.01–6.66; final model including age and history of infection). Conclusions The presence of preoperative third ventricular bowing is predictive of ETV success, with nearly a 3-fold likelihood of success compared with patients treated with ETV in the absence of such bowing. Although bowing is predictive, 33% of patients without bowing were also treated successfully with ETV.

A lesson in history: the evolution of endoscopic third ventriculostomy

2012 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. E11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul J. Schmitt ◽  
John A. Jane
Keyword(s):  
Patient Selection ◽  
Endoscopic Third Ventriculostomy ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
New Technique ◽  
Third Ventriculostomy ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Success Rates ◽  
Effective Implementation ◽  
Remarkable Improvement ◽  
History Of

The history of endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV) demonstrates the importance of studying neurosurgery's history. A story that began with numerous technological advancements started to fizzle as neurosurgeons were stymied by problems encountered during the infancy of the technology they were still developing. The new technique, although sound in theory, failed to deliver a realistic solution for managing hydrocephalus; it lost the battle to the valved shunt. Over the last 15–20 years, a clearer understanding of pathophysiological mechanisms underlying various forms of hydrocephalus, along with effective implementation of evidence-based practice, has allowed for optimization of patient selection and a remarkable improvement in ETV success rates. Neurosurgeons would be wise to take the lessons learned in modernizing the ETV procedure and reassure themselves that these lessons do not apply to other methods that are tempting to dismiss as antiquated or archaic.

scholarly journals Endoscopic Third Ventriculostomy in Previously Shunted Children

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva Brichtova ◽  
Martin Chlachula ◽  
Tomas Hrbac ◽  
Radim Lipina
Keyword(s):  
Success Rate ◽  
Fourth Ventricle ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Endoscopic Third Ventriculostomy ◽  
Obstructive Hydrocephalus ◽  
Surgical Revision ◽  
Clinical State ◽  
Third Ventriculostomy ◽  
Safe Procedure ◽  
Shunt Implantation

Endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV) is a routine and safe procedure for therapy of obstructive hydrocephalus. The aim of our study is to evaluate ETV success rate in therapy of obstructive hydrocephalus in pediatric patients formerly treated by ventriculoperitoneal (V-P) shunt implantation. From 2001 till 2011, ETV was performed in 42 patients with former V-P drainage implantation. In all patients, the obstruction in aqueduct or outflow parts of the fourth ventricle was proved by MRI. During the surgery, V-P shunt was clipped and ETV was performed. In case of favourable clinical state and MRI functional stoma, the V-P shunt has been removed 3 months after ETV. These patients with V-P shunt possible removing were evaluated as successful. In our group of 42 patients we were successful in 29 patients (69%). There were two serious complications (4.7%)—one patient died 2.5 years and one patient died 1 year after surgery in consequence of delayed ETV failure. ETV is the method of choice in obstructive hydrocephalus even in patients with former V-P shunt implantation. In case of acute or scheduled V-P shunt surgical revision, MRI is feasible, and if ventricular system obstruction is diagnosed, the hydrocephalus may be solved endoscopically.

scholarly journals Effectiveness and success rates of endoscopic third ventriculostomy in patients under 2 years old

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 67-71
Author(s):  
Murat Ertaş ◽  
Derya Karaoğlu Gündoğdu ◽  
Mert Şahinoğlu ◽  
Ender Köktekir ◽  
Hakan Karabağlı
Keyword(s):  
Endoscopic Third Ventriculostomy ◽  
Obstructive Hydrocephalus ◽  
Treatment Method ◽  
Physiological Solution ◽  
Third Ventriculostomy ◽  
Success Rates ◽  
Repeat Surgery ◽  
Technical Developments ◽  
Shunt Dysfunction ◽  
Time Of Operation

Objective: Endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV) stands out as an important option in the treatment of hydrocephalus without shunts. Endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV) has become more popular due to recent technical developments in endoscopic systems. But the urge of the physician, to provide a shuntfree survival for his patients, leads to performing the procedure in a unsuitable group of patients. Compared with shunt surgery, ETV presents a more physiological solution for the treatment of hydrocephalus. ETV is accepted as the first-line treatment method in many centers in appropriate cases in the treatment of obstructive hydrocephalus. The aim of this study is to examine the results of patients under the age of two underwent endoscopic third ventriculostomy. Methods: 79 patients who underwent ETV between 2011 and 2020 in our clinic and who were under 2 years of age at the time of operation were retrospectively analyzed. Results: 45 of 79 patients were male babies and 34 were female babies. The average age of the patients is 7 months (1 day - 22 months). In 39 (49.3%) patients, there was no need for repeat surgery in their follow-up after ETV. ETV procedure was repeated in 5 (6.3%) patients, and ventriluloperitoneal shunt (VPS) surgery was performed in 2 (2.5%) patients. In 13 patients, ventriculoperitoneal shunt was applied from the anterior and presented with shunt dysfunction. VPS surgery was not performed again after ETV in 3 (23%) of 13 patients after ETV. Conclusions: ETV can also be applied to patients younger than two years of age, and this treatment can give patients the chance to live a life independent of shunt.

Endoscopic Transventricular Transaqueductal Magendie and Luschka Foraminoplasty for Hydrocephalus

Neurosurgery ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 74 (4) ◽  
pp. 426-436 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaime Torres-Corzo ◽  
Juan Sánchez-Rodríguez ◽  
Dominic Cervantes ◽  
Roberto Rodríguez-Della Vecchia ◽  
Fernando Muruato-Araiza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Endoscopic Third Ventriculostomy ◽  
Outlet Obstruction ◽  
Third Ventriculostomy ◽  
Alternative Technique ◽  
Vp Shunt ◽  
Long Term Follow Up ◽  
Secondary Causes

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Routinely, hydrocephalus related to fourth ventricular outlet obstruction (FVOO) has been managed with ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunting or endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV). Few reports on Magendie foraminoplasty exist, and Luschka foraminoplasty has not been described. OBJECTIVE: To present an alternative technique in the management of FVOO via an endoscopic transventricular transaqueductal Magendie and Luschka foraminoplasty and to discuss the indications, technique, findings, and outcomes. METHODS: Between 1994 and 2011, all patients who underwent endoscopic Magendie and Luschka foraminoplasty were analyzed. RESULTS: A total of 33 Magendie (28) and/or Luschka (5) foraminoplasties were performed in 30 patients. Twenty-three were adult and 7 were pediatric patients. The etiology of the FVOO was divided into primary etiologies (congenital membrane in 5 and atresia in 2) and secondary causes (neurocysticercosis in 14 patients, bacterial meningitis in 9). Fifteen (50%) had previously failed procedures. Intraoperative findings that led to Magendie/Luschka foraminoplasty were ETV not feasible to perform, nonpatent basal subarachnoid space, or primary FVOO. Minor postoperative complications were seen in 3 patients. Only 26 patients had long-term follow-up; 17 (65.3%) of these had clinical improvement and did not require further procedures. Nine (34.7%) did not improve. Eight required another procedure (7 shunts, and 1 endoscopic procedure). One patient died. CONCLUSION: Flexible neuroendoscopic transventricular transforaminal Magendie and Luschka foraminoplasty is feasible and safe. These procedures may prove to be viable alternatives to standard ETV and VP shunt in appropriate patients. Adequate intraoperative assessment of ETV success is necessary to identify patients who will benefit.

Endoscopic third ventriculostomy in the treatment of childhood hydrocephalus: validation of a success score that predicts long-term outcome

2011 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 489-493 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew J. Durnford ◽  
Fenella J. Kirkham ◽  
Nijaguna Mathad ◽  
Owen C. E. Sparrow
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Decision Making ◽  
Endoscopic Third Ventriculostomy ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Third Ventriculostomy ◽  
Success Rates ◽  
Term Outcome ◽  
Long Term Outcome ◽  
High Chance

Object The goal of this study was to externally validate the proposed Endoscopic Third Ventriculostomy Success Score (ETVSS), which predicts successful treatment for hydrocephalus on the basis of a child's individual characteristics. Methods The authors retrospectively identified 181 cases of consecutive endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV) performed in children at a single neurosurgery center in the United Kingdom. They compared actual success at both 6 and 36 months, with mean predicted probabilities for low, moderate, and high chance of success strata based on the ETVSS. Long-term success was calculated using Kaplan-Meier methods and comparisons were made by means of unpaired t-tests. Results Overall, 166 primary ETVs were performed; ETV success was 72.9% at 6 and 64.5% at 36 months. At long-term follow-up, the mean predicted probability of success was significantly higher in those with a successful ETV (99 patients) than in those with a failed ETV (67 patients) (p = 0.001). The ETVSS accurately predicted outcome at 36 months; the low, medium, and high chance of success strata had mean predicted probabilities of success of 82%, 63%, and 36%, and actual success of 76%, 66%, and 42%, respectively. The overall complication rate was 6%. Conclusions The ETVSS closely predicted the overall long-term success rates in high-, moderate-, and low-risk groups. The results of this study suggest that the ETVSS will aid clinical decision making in predicting outcome of ETV.

scholarly journals Efficacy and Safety of Endoscopic Third Ventriculostomy in Obstructive Hydrocephalus

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 21-24
Author(s):  
Sachidanad Gautam ◽  
Sumit Kamble
Keyword(s):  
Success Rate ◽  
Endoscopic Third Ventriculostomy ◽  
Obstructive Hydrocephalus ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Third Ventriculostomy ◽  
Safe Procedure ◽  
Success Rates ◽  
Replacement Procedure ◽  
Ventricular Hemorrhage

Endoscopic third ventriculostomy is the procedure of choice to treat obstructive hydrocephalus now a days. Published case series of endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV) for childhood hydrocephalus have reported widely varying success rates. The purpose of this study is to determine the success rate and complications of ETV for treating obstructive hydrocephalus.Patients with obstructive hydrocephalus and already shunted patients for obstructive hydrocephalus presented with blocked shunt were included in the study. The exclusion criteria consisted ofrecurrent tumor or intra ventricular hemorrhage. Endoscopic third ventriculostomy was performed. Patients were followed up for one year and Clinical and Radiological improvement, complications and mortality was noted. This study was conducted in Neurosurgery Department, Govt. Medical College, Kota between 2015-2016.There were 56 patients including 36 males and 20females. Success rate in the form of clinical and/ or radiological improvement was seen in 88.8% 0f patients. Complications were seen in 6 patients including ETV failure and ventricular hemorrhage. There was no mortality during follow up period of 1 year.ETV is cost effective and safe procedure in patients with obstructive hydrocephalus with good outcome. It may be used as replacement procedure of ventriculo-peritoneal shunt as initial line of management in selected patients based on ETV score. Nepal Journal of Neuroscience, Vol. 14, No. 2,  2017 Page: 21-24

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