THE ROLE OF THE POLICE IN THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE CONCEPT OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

Police is an organization whose activities significantly contribute to sustainable development goals implementation. The nature and subject of its activity are related to maintaining relations with the society with which it is in constant interaction. At the same time, an important issue, as in the case of other public organizations, is the social responsibility of the police. Its dimensions determine the creation of an atmosphere conducive to social participation next to the police in national security. In the effective implementation of a model of social responsibility of the police, it is necessary to emphasize the importance of internal factors (the police) and external factors (the police and its stakeholders) influencing the results of this process. For the police, being a responsible organization does not mean only fulfilling all formal and legal requirements. To be perceived as a trustworthy organization, it must think and act in terms of the future, see and consider various implications, take into account human dignity, observe fair rules of operation, respond quickly to the comments and suggestions of stakeholders.

SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT - MANAGERS' AWARENESS, INFLUENCE ON FUNCTIONING SMALL AND MEDIUM-SIZED ENTERPRISES IN POLAND

The negative impact of economic development led to the emergence of a new concept, which has been termed sustainable development. It has significantly influenced the way of thinking about relations occurring in the social, economic, and environmental areas. There are many definitions of this concept in literature. Effective implementation of the principles of this concept requires understanding and building environmental awareness. Implementation of the concept at the enterprise level requires managers to have a certain amount of knowledge and skills and at the same time the ability to perceive and look at the issue of sustainable development from the perspective of benefits. The paper presents the results of a study conducted in 2021 among 216 managers of small and medium-sized enterprises in Poland. The research aimed to assess the awareness of the idea of sustainability among the management staff of small and medium-sized enterprises in Poland and its impact on their functioning. The results of the research were compared to the results of research conducted by the author in 2008. The research has shown a significant increase in the awareness of the idea of sustainable development. This applies both to the everyday behaviors of respondents and declared actions carried out in enterprises they manage. The main factor motivating the surveyed companies to undertake pro-environmental actions is the conviction that it is necessary to care for the environment and not to avoid paying fines and fees. The respondents see specific benefits from such activities.

Telework in a Land of Overwork: It’s Not That Simple or Is It?

The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted labor markets around the world. Workers and corporations scrambled to adjust their workstyles to a new normal, by avoiding the commute and working remotely from their homes or elsewhere. Japan is a country that stood out for its inability to adjust to the remote work environment. Comparative statistics show that Japan reported the lowest number of people engaged in remote work among the OECD countries, as well as the lowest percentage of corporations that offered remote work policies. In this article, I investigate why telework in Japan is difficult. The lack of telework in Japan may seem paradoxical, given the country’s reputation for being technologically advanced. I argue that it is not the technological infrastructure that is lacking in the Japanese workplace, but distinct features of work embedded in Japanese culture and its collectivist roots that prevent the effective implementation of telework. I rely on recently published data from various sources, and apply key sociological theories such as implicit contracts, gift exchange, dramaturgy, and impression management to substantiate my main arguments. The paper concludes by drawing on implications for the future of work in Japan.

Preparing Business Education Teachers for Effective Implementation of Student-Centred Learning Strategies in the E- World

This paper highlights preparing business education teachers for effective implementation of student-centred learning strategies in the e- world. The paper defines terminologies such as Student-centred learning, e-learning and the need for linking ICT to education policies. It examines the world links program with student-centered teaching and learning web sites as well as discusses main characteristics of student-centered strategies and its popular types. It further discusses learning situations in the field of business education, teacher's role in student-centred strategies with implication of using student-centred strategies in Nigeria business education programme and analysis of threats to student-centred strategies. The paper concludes by making recommendation on the way forward among which Teacher should encourage student interaction in utilizing e-libraries or e-world at large in class participations. Institutions should encourage teachers in using student-centre strategies by sending them to seminal, conference/ workshop that base on this purpose. And institution should make available internet service 24/7 with power supply in the schools and staff quarters.

Medicines and vaccines supply chains challenges in Nigeria: a scoping review

Background Medicines and vaccines supply chains represent critical systems for realising one of the major targets of the United Nations’ third Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)—access to safe, effective, quality, and affordable essential medicines and vaccines, for all. However, evidence suggests the system is confronted with several challenges in many low-medium income countries, including Nigeria. This scoping review aims to summarize the available evidence on the challenges of medicines and vaccines supply chain system in Nigeria. Results We searched relevant databases including Scopus and Web of Science for studies published between January 2005 and August 2020 on the challenges associated with medicines and vaccines supply chain systems in Nigeria. Our findings implicate several factors including difficulty with medicines or vaccines selection, procurement, distribution, and inventory management. Others included poor storage infrastructure, financial constraints, insecurity, transportation challenges, inadequate human resources, weak, or poorly implemented policies. These challenges mostly resulted in stock-outs of essential medicines which notably got worsened during the current COVID-19 pandemic. Conclusion Our study is a wake-up call on the need to prioritise the critical sector of the supply chain systems for medicines and vaccines in Nigeria. Effective implementation of existing policies, improved security, strengthening of the health system through adequate budgetary allocations, and provision of infrastructure including regular availability of electricity are keys to surmounting the challenges and improving access to medicines or vaccines in Nigeria.

Entrepreneurship and Innovation in the Polish Industry

Entrepreneurship is a process in which goals or tasks are set at one’s own initiative, whereby no efforts are spared to ensure their efficient and effective implementation. The concept of entrepreneurship is associated with innovation as entailing ongoing research and the introduction of rational changes and novel ideas. The aim of the research is to determine the regression interdependencies between the number of enterprises (entrepreneurship) and process and product innovation expenditure (innovators' activity) and the number of inventions (inventors' activity), and in the second regression model: also the number of enterprises (entrepreneurship) and process and product innovative expenditure (innovators' activity) and the number of patents (inventors' activities) generated within the Polish industry in the years 2015-2017. The hypothesis is that patents (inventors' activities) get reinforced with process and product innovation expenditures (innovators’ activities) employed in the process of growth of the number of enterprises (entrepreneurship) in industry, as well as the overall efficiency of expenditures and technologies (patents) in the Polish industry over the course of the researched years. Conducted studies have confirmed the above hypothesis. In addition, the research carried out has shown that patents (inventors 'activities) have supplemented the share (elasticity) of process and product innovation (innovators' activities) by 10% in the increase in the number of enterprises (entrepreneurship) as observed in industry. This share is transferred from the supply element to that of demand.

Assessing Disruptive Innovation From the Perspectives of New Entrants and Incumbent Firms

Disruptive innovation (DI) is evolving as a strategically significant innovation type in this current dynamic, volatile, and global competitive business environment. The theory of DI is critical in comprehending entrant-incumbent relationships and elucidating how their interplay affects the nature of the market. The fundamental aim of this study is to assess disruptive innovation from the perspectives of new entrants and incumbents using the empirical reviews approach. The chapter contends that disruption is a phenomenon whose forces are always at work, and incumbents can elude it by putting in place the prerequisite measures and having the right caliber of human resources to pre-empt and avert genuine potential disruptive threats. The study demonstrates the steps taken by upstarts to displace leading firms and the responses that can be provided by the latter against disruption. It extends its scope to significance of DI, reasons for failure of incumbents in DI battle, and barriers to effective implementation of disruptive innovation.

Stimulating Creativity and Innovation Through Apt Educational Policy

The gap between expected and actual skillsets to drive workforce creativity and developing innovative products and services in recent times suggests the need for a thorough review of educational policy. The required level of creativity and innovation could be stimulated through educational policy review and effective implementation of action plans to meet expectations in the fourth industrial revolution. A literature review approach was adopted to examine the issues in current education system, as well as the emerging trends within the system to promote creative learning. The findings show that discipline-specific instructional strategies propelled by technological innovations (educational virtual reality games) are essential in stimulating creativity and innovation. Gamification in learning pedagogies not only promotes important academic learning but also builds the skills required for success in the 21st century.

Article 16: The Right to Protection of Privacy

This chapter provides a brief overview of article 16 of the UN Convention on the rights of the child and of its legislative history as outlined in the Travaux Préparatoires. It outlines the principle threats to children’s privacy today and summarizes the substantive content of Article 16, particularly in relation to the General Principles of child rights in Articles 2, 3, 6, and 12, as well as the nexus between the right to privacy and several other rights of children under the Convention as well as other international human rights instruments. It then puts forward four main attributes of the child’s right to privacy as aspects of the right which State Parties should monitor as a means of measuring the effective implementation of Article 16. The essential attributes of Article 16 and the child’s right to privacy are State protection against: (1) interference with privacy; (2) interference with family, home or correspondence; (3) unlawful attacks upon honour and reputation; and (4) protection of the law against unlawful interference or attacks.