Mapping the mouse X chromosome: possible symmetry in the location of a family of sequences on the mouse X and Y chromosomes

Development ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 101 (Supplement) ◽  
pp. 107-116
Author(s):  
Philip Avner ◽  
Colin Bishop ◽  
Laurence Amar ◽  
Jacques Cambrou ◽  
Didier Hatat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Y Chromosome ◽  
X Chromosome ◽  
Somatic Cell Hybrid ◽  
The Other ◽  
Interspecific Crosses ◽  
Somatic Cell Hybrid Panel ◽  
Mus Spretus ◽  
Y Chromosomes

Major advances in our knowledge of the genetic organization of the mouse X chromosome have been obtained by the use of interspecific crosses involving Mus spretus-derived strains. This system has been used to study sequences detected by three probes 80Y/B, 302Y/B and 371Y/B isolated from a mouse Y-chromosome library which have been shown to recognize both male–female common and male–female differential sequences. These patterns are due to the presence of a family of cross-reacting sequences on the mouse X and Y chromosomes. Detailed genetic analysis of the localization of the X-chromosomespecific sequences using both a somatic cell hybrid panel and an interspecific mouse cross has revealed the presence of at least three discrete clusters of loci (X–Y)A, (X–Y)B and (X–Y)C. Two of these clusters, (X–Y)B and (X–Y)C, lie distally on the mouse X chromosome, the other cluster (X–Y)A being situated close to the centromere. In situ hybridization shows a striking symmetry in the localization of the major sequences on both the X and Y chromosomes detected by these probes, hybridization being preferentially localized to a subcentromeric and subtelomeric region on each chromosome. This striking localization symmetry between the X and Y chromosome sequences is discussed in terms of the extensive pairing of the X–Y chromosomes noted during meiosis.

scholarly journals Epistatic Control of Non-Mendelian Inheritance in Mouse Interspecific Crosses

Genetics ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 143 (4) ◽  
pp. 1739-1752 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xavier Montagutelli ◽  
Rowena Turner ◽  
Joseph H Nadeau
Keyword(s):  
X Chromosome ◽  
Genetic Basis ◽  
Mendelian Inheritance ◽  
The Other ◽  
Interspecific Crosses ◽  
Chromosome 2 ◽  
Mus Spretus ◽  
F1 Hybrid ◽  
Strong Deviation ◽  
Marker Loci

Abstract Strong deviation of allele frequencies from Mendelian inheritance favoring Mus spretus-derived alleles has been described previously for X-linked loci in four mouse interspecific crosses. We reanalyzed data for three of these crosses focusing on the location of the gene(s) controlling deviation on the X chromosome and the genetic basis for incomplete deviation. At least two loci control deviation on the X chromosome, one near Xist (the candidate gene controlling X inactivation) and the other more centromerically located. In all three crosses, strong epistasis was found between loci near Xist and marker loci on the central portion of chromosome 2. The mechanism for this deviation from Mendelian expectations is not yet known but it is probably based on lethality of embryos carrying particular combinations of alleles rather than true segregation distortion during oogenesis in F1 hybrid females.

Regional Localization of 32 NotI-HindIII Fragments from a Human Chromosome 13 Library by a Somatic Cell Hybrid Panel and in Situ Hybridization

Genomics ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 355-360 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dorothy Warburton ◽  
Ming-Tsung Yu ◽  
Umadevi Tantravahi ◽  
Carolyn Lee ◽  
Eftihia Cayanis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Human Chromosome ◽  
Somatic Cell ◽  
Cell Hybrid ◽  
Somatic Cell Hybrid ◽  
Somatic Cell Hybrid Panel ◽  
Regional Localization ◽  
Chromosome 13

268 IDENTIFICATION OF X- AND Y-BEARING SPERMATOZOA IN SORTED BUFFALO (BUBALUS BUBALIS) SEMEN BY FLUORESCENCE IN SITU HYBRIDIZATION

2009 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 231
Author(s):  
M. Zhang ◽  
X. J. Zhuang ◽  
Y. Q. Lu ◽  
C. H. Hu ◽  
S. S. Lu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flow Cytometry ◽  
In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Y Chromosome ◽  
X Chromosome ◽  
Chromosome Painting ◽  
Fish Method ◽  
Painting Probes ◽  
Flow Cytometry Sorting

Flow cytometry sorting technology has been successfully used to sort the X- and Y-chromosome bearing sperm. Previous studies showed that fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) method was a simple and reliable procedure for assessing the effectiveness of separation of X- and Y-sperm in the swine (Kawarasaki T et al. 1998 Theriogenology 50, 625–635) and the bovine (Rens W et al. 2001 Reproduction 121, 541–546). Reports of sex-preselection by flow-cytometry sorting of the X- and Y-sperm were also seen in the buffalo (Presicce GA et al. 2005 Reprod. Dom. Anim. 40, 73–75; Lu YQ et al. 2006 Anim. Reprod. Sci. 100, 192–196). There was, however, no report to date for using the FISH method to assess the purity of the sorted buffalo sperm. The objective of the present study was to verify the purity of flow cytometrically-sorted buffalo X- and Y-sperm by FISH using bovine X- and Y- chromosome painting probes prepared by microdissection. The X- and Y- chromosomes of bovidea were microdissected respectively from the metaphase spreads of Holstein blood cells with a glass needle controlled by a micromanipulator and amplified by degenerate oligo-nucleotide primer-PCR (DOP-PCR) (Mariela N et al. 2005 Genet. Mol. Res. 4, 675–683). The DOP-PCR products of X- and Y- chromosome were labeled with CY3-dUTP and Biotin-11-dUTP, respectively. The buffalo X- or Y-sperm DNA from unsorted semen and sorted semen were hybridized to the labeled probes, respectively. The results showed that the hybridized signals were clearly visible in the metaphase karyotype of bovine and buffalo semen samples. About 47.7% (594/1246) and 48.9% (683/1396) of the unsorted buffalo sperm emitted strong fluorescent signals when assessed by Y- and X-chromosome painting probes, respectively, which was conformed to the sex ratio in normal buffalo sperm (50%:50%). About 86.1% (1529/1776) hybridization signals of the sperm in the sorted X-semen assessed by X-chromosome painting probes were detected, while 82.2% (2232/2716) of the Y-sorted buffalo sperm emitted strong fluorescent signals when assessed by Y-chromosome painting probe. The results of the flow cytometer re-analysis revealed that the proportions of X- and Y-bearing sperm in the sorted semen were 89.6% and 86.7%, respectively. There were no apparent differences between the two assessment methods of sperm separation by flow cytometry re-analysis and by FISH with the X-Y paint probe. In conclusion, bovine X- and Y-chromosome painting probes prepared using microisolation method could be used to verify the purity of the sorted sperm in the buffalo. This study was supported by the Guangxi Department of Science and Technology (0626001-3-1) and National Key Technology R&D Program, The People’s Republic of China (2006BAD04A18). The authors (M. Zhang, X.J. Zhuang, and Y.Q. Lu) contributed equally to this work.

scholarly journals How did the guppy Y chromosome evolve?

PLoS Genetics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (8) ◽  
pp. e1009704
Author(s):  
Deborah Charlesworth ◽  
Roberta Bergero ◽  
Chay Graham ◽  
Jim Gardner ◽  
Karen Keegan
Keyword(s):  
Natural Selection ◽  
Y Chromosome ◽  
X Chromosome ◽  
Sex Chromosome ◽  
Genetic Recombination ◽  
The Other ◽  
Y Chromosomes ◽  
Suppressed Recombination ◽  
Close Relatives ◽  
Male Coloration

The sex chromosome pairs of many species do not undergo genetic recombination, unlike the autosomes. It has been proposed that the suppressed recombination results from natural selection favouring close linkage between sex-determining genes and mutations on this chromosome with advantages in one sex, but disadvantages in the other (these are called sexually antagonistic mutations). No example of such selection leading to suppressed recombination has been described, but populations of the guppy display sexually antagonistic mutations (affecting male coloration), and would be expected to evolve suppressed recombination. In extant close relatives of the guppy, the Y chromosomes have suppressed recombination, and have lost all the genes present on the X (this is called genetic degeneration). However, the guppy Y occasionally recombines with its X, despite carrying sexually antagonistic mutations. We describe evidence that a new Y evolved recently in the guppy, from an X chromosome like that in these relatives, replacing the old, degenerated Y, and explaining why the guppy pair still recombine. The male coloration factors probably arose after the new Y evolved, and have already evolved expression that is confined to males, a different way to avoid the conflict between the sexes.

scholarly journals Memoirs: Marsupial Spermatogenesis

1923 ◽  
Vol s2-67 (266) ◽  
pp. 203-218
Author(s):  
A. W. GREENWOOD
Keyword(s):  
Y Chromosome ◽  
X Chromosome ◽  
Meiotic Division ◽  
Sex Chromosome ◽  
The Other ◽  
Pachytene Stage ◽  
Late Pachytene ◽  
Early Pachytene ◽  
Y Chromosomes ◽  
And Function

In the three animals studied the total number of chromosomes in the male is as follows : Phascolarctus 16 (14 autosomes + XY). Sarcophilus 14 (12 autosomes + XY). Dasyurus 14 (12 autosomes + XY). In the female the number of chromosomes is as follows : Phascolarctus 16 (14 autosomes + XX). Sarcophilus 14 (12 autosomes + XX). In all animals dealt with in this paper the Y-chromosome is very minute in size compared with the other chromosomes; also the X-chromosome is much smaller than any of the autosomes. Chromomeres are conspicuous during syndesis, early pachytene, and early diplotene stages. The early pachytene stage is followed by a late pachytene stage in which the threads become diffuse and lose their capacity for taking up the stain. Except in the early meiotic prophase the sex chromosome remains compact and deeply stained and does not thread out like the autosomes. In all the above animals the first meiotic division is reductional, separating the X- and the Y-chromosomes, and the second division is equational, in each cell the sex chromosome dividing. The spermatozoa are therefore of two kinds, one containing an X-chromosome and the other containing a Y-chromosome. No further reduction in the number of chromosomes takes place during the second meiotic division. The Y-chromosome could not be identified during the meiotic phase until the metaphase of the first meiotic division. At this stage in Phascolarctus the sex chromosomes are separate and do not form a bivalent. The archoplasm seems to exert some influence on the chromatin threads at synizesis and during the early pachytene stage. In the former case the contraction takes place to that side of the nucleus at which the archoplasmic mass is situated; in the latter the chromosomes are in the form of thick loops with the ends of the chromosomes pointing towards the archoplasmic mass. In Phascolarctus the Sertoli cells are very large and possess peculiar rod-like bodies, the origin and function of which was not arrived at. The result of experiments seem to show that the rods are not affected by the action of digestive fluids.

scholarly journals Fundamentally different repetitive element composition of sex chromosomes in Rumex acetosa

2020 ◽  
Vol 127 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-47
Author(s):  
Wojciech Jesionek ◽  
Markéta Bodláková ◽  
Zdeněk Kubát ◽  
Radim Čegan ◽  
Boris Vyskot ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization ◽  
X Chromosome ◽  
Sex Chromosomes ◽  
Tandem Repeats ◽  
Sex Chromosome ◽  
Rumex Acetosa ◽  
Dioecious Species ◽  
Y Chromosomes

Abstract Background and Aims Dioecious species with well-established sex chromosomes are rare in the plant kingdom. Most sex chromosomes increase in size but no comprehensive analysis of the kind of sequences that drive this expansion has been presented. Here we analyse sex chromosome structure in common sorrel (Rumex acetosa), a dioecious plant with XY1Y2 sex determination, and we provide the first chromosome-specific repeatome analysis for a plant species possessing sex chromosomes. Methods We flow-sorted and separately sequenced sex chromosomes and autosomes in R. acetosa using the two-dimensional fluorescence in situ hybridization in suspension (FISHIS) method and Illumina sequencing. We identified and quantified individual repeats using RepeatExplorer, Tandem Repeat Finder and the Tandem Repeats Analysis Program. We employed fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) to analyse the chromosomal localization of satellites and transposons. Key Results We identified a number of novel satellites, which have, in a fashion similar to previously known satellites, significantly expanded on the Y chromosome but not as much on the X or on autosomes. Additionally, the size increase of Y chromosomes is caused by non-long terminal repeat (LTR) and LTR retrotransposons, while only the latter contribute to the enlargement of the X chromosome. However, the X chromosome is populated by different LTR retrotransposon lineages than those on Y chromosomes. Conclusions The X and Y chromosomes have significantly diverged in terms of repeat composition. The lack of recombination probably contributed to the expansion of diverse satellites and microsatellites and faster fixation of newly inserted transposable elements (TEs) on the Y chromosomes. In addition, the X and Y chromosomes, despite similar total counts of TEs, differ significantly in the representation of individual TE lineages, which indicates that transposons proliferate preferentially in either the paternal or the maternal lineage.

Ordering of Y-specific sequences by deletion mapping and analysis of X–Y interchange males and females

Development ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 101 (Supplement) ◽  
pp. 41-50
Author(s):  
M. A. Ferguson-Smith ◽  
N. A. Affara ◽  
R. E. Magenis
Keyword(s):  
Flow Cytometry ◽  
In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Y Chromosome ◽  
X Chromosome ◽  
Male Meiosis ◽  
Deletion Mapping ◽  
Restriction Fragments ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Specific Sequences

We have used DNA from 23 patients with Y-chromosome aberrations and 25 patients with presumptive X–Y interchange to map 39 Yp restriction fragments and 37 Yq restriction fragments. In the majority of patients the results are consistent with a standard contiguous order of sequences along the Y chromosome. In 6 of 26 patients (23 %) with Yp aberrations and 2 of 17 (12 %) with Yq aberrations, exceptions to the consensus order have been observed. These can be accommodated by postulating the presence of inversion polymorphisms. Such variation may occur more commonly on the nonpairing part of the Y chromosome that in other chromosomes owing to the absence of homologous synapsis and recombination in male meiosis. The Y sequence most frequently present in X–Y interchange males was that recognized by GMGY3. 18 of 19 X–Y interchange males had this sequence suggesting that it is the nearest in the series to the TDF locus, and indicating that the latter maps to the distal end of Yp. Several techniques, including in situ hybridization and DNA measurement by flow cytometry, have been used to demonstrate that in X–Y interchange males there is transfer of Y sequences to the distal end of the X chromosome; no mechanism other than X–Y interchange has been demonstrated.

scholarly journals Localization of the properdin factor complement locus Pfc to band A3 on the mouse X chromosome

1990 ◽  
Vol 56 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 153-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. P. Evans ◽  
M. D. Burtenshaw ◽  
S. H. Laval ◽  
D. Goundis ◽  
K. B. M. Reid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
X Chromosome ◽  
Mus Musculus ◽  
Robertsonian Translocation ◽  
Chromosomal Segment ◽  
Interspecific Crosses ◽  
Mus Spretus ◽  
X Linkage ◽  
Plasma Glycoprotein

SummaryThe locus for properdin (properdin factor complement, Pfc), a plasma glycoprotein, has been mapped to band A3 of the mouse X chromosome by in situ hybridization to metaphase spreads containing an X;2 Robertsonian translocation. The X-linkage of the locus has also been confirmed by analysis of Mus musculus x Mus spretus interspecific crosses. The XA3 localization for Pfc places it in the chromosomal segment conserved between man and mouse which is known to contain at least six other homologous loci (Cybb, Otc, Syn-1 Maoa, Araf, Timp).

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