Microtubules and mitotic cycle phase modulate spatiotemporal distributions of F-actin and myosin II in Drosophila syncytial blastoderm embryos

Development ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 127 (9) ◽  
pp. 1767-1787 ◽  
Author(s):  
V.E. Foe ◽  
C.M. Field ◽  
G.M. Odell
Keyword(s):  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Myosin Ii ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Time Lapse ◽  
Laser Scanning Confocal Microscopy ◽  
Cycle Phase ◽  
Filamentous Actin ◽  
Mitotic Apparatus ◽  
Scanning Confocal Microscopy ◽  
Drug Treatments

We studied cyclic reorganizations of filamentous actin, myosin II and microtubules in syncytial Drosophila blastoderms using drug treatments, time-lapse movies and laser scanning confocal microscopy of fixed stained embryos (including multiprobe three-dimensional reconstructions). Our observations imply interactions between microtubules and the actomyosin cytoskeleton. They provide evidence that filamentous actin and cytoplasmic myosin II are transported along microtubules towards microtubule plus ends, with actin and myosin exhibiting different affinities for the cell's cortex. Our studies further reveal that cell cycle phase modulates the amounts of both polymerized actin and myosin II associated with the cortex. We analogize pseudocleavage furrow formation in the Drosophila blastoderm with how the mitotic apparatus positions the cleavage furrow for standard cytokinesis, and relate our findings to polar relaxation/global contraction mechanisms for furrow formation.

F-actin domains in the syncytial blastoderm of the dipteran Ceratitis capitata

1993 ◽  
Vol 104 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-104
Author(s):  
G. Callaini ◽  
R. Dallai ◽  
M.G. Riparbelli
Keyword(s):  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Ceratitis Capitata ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Laser Scanning Confocal Microscopy ◽  
Spatial Proximity ◽  
Lateral Migration ◽  
Mitotic Apparatus ◽  
Rhodamine Phalloidin ◽  
Scanning Confocal Microscopy ◽  
Filament Bundles

Laser scanning confocal microscopy on rhodamine-phalloidin-treated syncytial embryos of the dipteran Ceratitis capitata allowed us to recognize four different kinds of actin filament distribution in close spatial proximity. One domain is represented by microfilaments localized in the plasma membrane within the microprojections and membrane infoldings. At a slightly lower focal level, rhodamine-phalloidin labelling is concentrated in small irregular aggregates, which are localized around the dividing nuclei. Our results indicate that the organization of the actin aggregates follows that of the microtubules of the mitotic apparatus and suggest that the dynamic reorganization of these structures during mitosis may be microtubule-dependent. A three-dimensional network of thin actin filaments fills the whole periplasm and links the spindles together. A fourth actin domain is localized at the poles of the spindles in correspondence with the centrosomal region. The complex network of cortical filament bundles described in the present study may represent the ultrastructural basis of the tension leading to segregation of daughter nuclei at late telophase and to their lateral migration along the embryo surface.

Laser Scanning Confocal Microscopy and Three-Dimesnsional Reconstruction of the Mitotic Spindles of Unequally Dividing Embryonic Cells

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 166-167
Author(s):  
J. Holy ◽  
G. Schatten
Keyword(s):  
Confocal Microscopy ◽  
Mitotic Spindle ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Laser Scanning Confocal Microscopy ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
Embryonic Cells ◽  
Mitotic Spindles ◽  
Cleavage Division ◽  
Scanning Confocal Microscopy

One of the classic limitations of light microscopy has been the fact that three dimensional biological events could only be visualized in two dimensions. Recently, this shortcoming has been overcome by combining the technologies of laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM) and computer processing of microscopical data by volume rendering methods. We have employed these techniques to examine morphogenetic events characterizing early development of sea urchin embryos. Specifically, the fourth cleavage division was examined because it is at this point that the first morphological signs of cell differentiation appear, manifested in the production of macromeres and micromeres by unequally dividing vegetal blastomeres.The mitotic spindle within vegetal blastomeres undergoing unequal cleavage are highly polarized and develop specialized, flattened asters toward the micromere pole. In order to reconstruct the three-dimensional features of these spindles, both isolated spindles and intact, extracted embryos were fluorescently labeled with antibodies directed against either centrosomes or tubulin.

Automated 3-D cell population analysis in thick tissue sections using laser-scanning confocal-microscopy data

1993 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 562-563
Author(s):  
Hakan Ancin
Keyword(s):  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Population Analysis ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Large Data ◽  
Laser Scanning Confocal Microscopy ◽  
Tissue Slices ◽  
Scanning Confocal Microscopy ◽  
Tissue Sections ◽  
Spatially Adaptive ◽  
Microscopy Data

This paper presents methods for performing detailed quantitative automated three dimensional (3-D) analysis of cell populations in thick tissue sections while preserving the relative 3-D locations of cells. Specifically, the method disambiguates overlapping clusters of cells, and accurately measures the volume, 3-D location, and shape parameters for each cell. Finally, the entire population of cells is analyzed to detect patterns and groupings with respect to various combinations of cell properties. All of the above is accomplished with zero subjective bias.In this method, a laser-scanning confocal light microscope (LSCM) is used to collect optical sections through the entire thickness (100 - 500μm) of fluorescently-labelled tissue slices. The acquired stack of optical slices is first subjected to axial deblurring using the expectation maximization (EM) algorithm. The resulting isotropic 3-D image is segmented using a spatially-adaptive Poisson based image segmentation algorithm with region-dependent smoothing parameters. Extracting the voxels that were labelled as "foreground" into an active voxel data structure results in a large data reduction.

Three-Dimensional Laser-Scanning Confocal Microscopy of In Situ Hybridization in the Skin

1994 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen E. Mahoney ◽  
Stephen W. Paddock ◽  
Louis C. Smith ◽  
Dorothy E. Lewis ◽  
Madeleine Duvic
Keyword(s):  
In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Confocal Microscopy ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Laser Scanning Confocal Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Confocal Microscopy

scholarly journals Three-Dimensional Nano-Morphology of Carbon Nanotube/Epoxy Filled Poly(methyl methacrylate) Microcapsules

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 1387 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Galip Icduygu ◽  
Meltem Asilturk ◽  
M. Akif Yalcinkaya ◽  
Youssef K. Hamidi ◽  
M. Cengiz Altan
Keyword(s):  
Confocal Microscopy ◽  
Methyl Methacrylate ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Laser Scanning Confocal Microscopy ◽  
Poly Methyl Methacrylate ◽  
Scanning Confocal Microscopy ◽  
Electron Microscopy Analysis ◽  
Microscopy Analysis ◽  
Average Size

The three-dimensional nano-morphology of poly(methyl methacrylate; PMMA) microcapsules filled with carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and epoxy resin were investigated by various microscopy methods, including a novel, laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM) method. Initially, PMMA microcapsules containing various amounts of CNTs were synthesized by a solvent evaporation method. Scanning electron microscopy analysis showed that pore-free, smooth-surface microcapsules formed with various types of core-shell morphologies. The average size of CNT/epoxy/PMMA microcapsules was shown to decrease from ~52 μm to ~15 μm when mixing speed during synthesis increased from 300 rpm to 1000 rpm. In general, the presence of CNTs resulted in slightly larger microcapsules and higher variations in size. Moreover, three-dimensional scans obtained from confocal microscopy revealed that higher CNT content increased the occurrence and size of CNT aggregates inside the microcapsules. Entrapped submicron air bubbles were also observed inside most microcapsules, particularly within those with higher CNT content.

Some possibilities of representing microcirculation in human spleen

Biologia ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 64 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulína Gálfiová ◽  
Ivan Varga ◽  
Martin Kopáni ◽  
Peter Michalka ◽  
Jana Michalková ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Laser Scanning Confocal Microscopy ◽  
The Other ◽  
Corrosion Casts ◽  
Histochemical Analysis ◽  
Human Spleen ◽  
Scanning Confocal Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron

AbstractThe representation of microcirculation can be approached in several ways. One of the possibilities is to represent the endothelium (endothelial or sinus lining cells) and their basement membrane on the basis of detecting the known components and the expression of the surface antigenes by the methods of immuno-, enzyme- or lectino-histochemical analysis, or by staining or impregnation histological methods. The other possibility is the examination of samples by transmission and scanning electron microscopy. For three-dimensional demonstration corrosion casts techniques or laser scanning confocal microscopy can be used. In this paper we describe the survey of immuno-, enzyme- and lectino-histochemical characteristics of selected components of microcirculation and our own results of its demonstration in human spleen.

scholarly journals Anastral meiotic spindle morphogenesis: role of the non-claret disjunctional kinesin-like protein.

1996 ◽  
Vol 134 (2) ◽  
pp. 455-464 ◽  
Author(s):  
H J Matthies ◽  
H B McDonald ◽  
L S Goldstein ◽  
W E Theurkauf
Keyword(s):  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Spindle Assembly ◽  
Time Lapse ◽  
Laser Scanning Confocal Microscopy ◽  
Meiotic Spindle ◽  
Bipolar Spindle ◽  
Scanning Confocal Microscopy ◽  
Spindle Poles ◽  
Assembly Kinetics

We have used time-lapse laser scanning confocal microscopy to directly examine microtubule reorganization during meiotic spindle assembly in living Drosophila oocytes. These studies indicate that the bipolarity of the meiosis I spindle is not the result of a duplication and separation of centrosomal microtubule organizing centers (MTOCs). Instead, microtubules first associate with a tight chromatin mass, and then bundle to form a bipolar spindle that lacks asters. Analysis of mutant oocytes indicates that the Non-Claret Disjunctional (NCD) kinesin-like protein is required for normal spindle assembly kinetics and stabilization of the spindle during metaphase arrest. Immunolocalization analyses demonstrate that NCD is associated with spindle microtubules, and that the centrosomal components gamma-tubulin, CP-190, and CP-60 are not concentrated at the meiotic spindle poles. Based on these observations, we propose that microtubule bundling by the NCD kinesin-like protein promotes assembly of a stable bipolar spindle in the absence of typical MTOCs.

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