Identification and analysis ofDYAD: a gene required for meiotic chromosome organisation and female meiotic progression inArabidopsis

Development ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 129 (16) ◽  
pp. 3935-3943 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bhavna Agashe ◽  
Chellapilla Krishna Prasad ◽  
Imran Siddiqi
Keyword(s):  
Meiotic Chromosome ◽  
Metaphase Plate ◽  
Specific Marker ◽  
Female Meiosis ◽  
Meiotic Progression ◽  
Putative Protein ◽  
Chromosome Synapsis ◽  
Bivalent Formation ◽  
Chromosome Organisation ◽  
Novel Protein

The dyad mutant of Arabidopsis was previously identified as being defective in female meiosis. We report here the analysis of the DYAD gene. In ovules and anthers DYAD RNA is detected specifically in female and male meiocytes respectively, in premeiotic interphase/meiotic prophase. Analysis of chromosome spreads in female meiocytes showed that in the mutant, chromosomes did not undergo synapsis and formed ten univalents instead of five bivalents. Unlike mutations in AtDMC1 and AtSPO11 which also affect bivalent formation as the univalent chromosomes segregate randomly, the dyad univalents formed an ordered metaphase plate and underwent an equational division. This suggests a requirement for DYAD for chromosome synapsis and centromere configuration in female meiosis. The dyad mutant showed increased and persistent expression of a meiosis-specific marker, pAtDMC1::GUS during female meiosis, indicative of defective meiotic progression. The sequence of the putative protein encoded by DYAD did not reveal strong similarity to other proteins. DYAD is therefore likely to encode a novel protein required for meiotic chromosome organisation and female meiotic progression.

scholarly journals Principles of meiotic chromosome assembly revealed in S. cerevisiae

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie A. Schalbetter ◽  
Geoffrey Fudenberg ◽  
Jonathan Baxter ◽  
Katherine S. Pollard ◽  
Matthew J. Neale
Keyword(s):  
Genomic Sequence ◽  
Meiotic Chromosome ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Heterogeneous Population ◽  
Interaction Patterns ◽  
Chromosome Synapsis ◽  
Barrier Formation ◽  
Evolutionarily Conserved ◽  
Chromosome Organisation

Abstract During meiotic prophase, chromosomes organise into a series of chromatin loops emanating from a proteinaceous axis, but the mechanisms of assembly remain unclear. Here we use Saccharomyces cerevisiae to explore how this elaborate three-dimensional chromosome organisation is linked to genomic sequence. As cells enter meiosis, we observe that strong cohesin-dependent grid-like Hi-C interaction patterns emerge, reminiscent of mammalian interphase organisation, but with distinct regulation. Meiotic patterns agree with simulations of loop extrusion with growth limited by barriers, in which a heterogeneous population of expanding loops develop along the chromosome. Importantly, CTCF, the factor that imposes similar features in mammalian interphase, is absent in S. cerevisiae, suggesting alternative mechanisms of barrier formation. While grid-like interactions emerge independently of meiotic chromosome synapsis, synapsis itself generates additional compaction that matures differentially according to telomere proximity and chromosome size. Collectively, our results elucidate fundamental principles of chromosome assembly and demonstrate the essential role of cohesin within this evolutionarily conserved process.

scholarly journals Principles of Meiotic Chromosome Assembly

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie A. Schalbetter ◽  
Geoffrey Fudenberg ◽  
Jonathan Baxter ◽  
Katherine S. Pollard ◽  
Matthew J. Neale
Keyword(s):  
Essential Role ◽  
Genomic Sequence ◽  
Meiotic Chromosome ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Interaction Patterns ◽  
Chromosome Synapsis ◽  
Convergent Transcription ◽  
Evolutionarily Conserved ◽  
Chromosome Organisation

AbstractDuring meiotic prophase, chromosomes organise into a series of chromatin loops emanating from a proteinaceous axis, but the mechanisms of assembly remain unclear. Here we elucidate how this elaborate three-dimensional chromosome organisation is underpinned by genomic sequence in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Entering meiosis, strong cohesin-dependent grid-like Hi-C interaction patterns emerge, reminiscent of mammalian interphase organisation, but with distinct regulation. Meiotic patterns agree with simulations of loop extrusion limited by barriers, yet are patterned by convergent transcription rather than binding of the mammalian interphase factor, CTCF, which is absent in S. cerevisiae—thereby both challenging and extending current paradigms of local chromosome organisation. While grid-like interactions emerge independently of meiotic chromosome synapsis, synapsis itself generates additional compaction that matures differentially according to telomere proximity and chromosome size. Collectively, our results elucidate fundamental principles of chromosome assembly and demonstrate the essential role of cohesin within this evolutionarily conserved process.

An mre11 Mutant of Coprinus cinereus Has Defects in Meiotic Chromosome Pairing, Condensation and Synapsis

Genetics ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 154 (3) ◽  
pp. 1125-1139
Author(s):  
Erin E Gerecke ◽  
Miriam E Zolan
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Irradiation ◽  
Stop Codon ◽  
Meiotic Chromosome ◽  
Chromatin Condensation ◽  
Coprinus Cinereus ◽  
Meiotic Progression ◽  
Homolog Pairing ◽  
Enhanced Sensitivity ◽  
Chromosome Synapsis ◽  
Single Base Pair

Abstract The rad11 gene of the basidiomycete Coprinus cinereus is required for the completion of meiosis and for survival after gamma irradiation. We have cloned the rad11 gene and shown that it is a homolog of MRE11, a gene required for meiosis and DNA repair in numerous organisms. The expression of C. cinereus mre11 is induced during prophase I of meiosis and following gamma irradiation. The gene encodes a predicted polypeptide of 731 amino acids, and the mre11-1 (rad11-1) mutation is a single base pair change that results in a stop codon after amino acid 315. The mre11-1 mutant shows enhanced sensitivity to ionizing radiation, but no enhanced sensitivity to UV radiation. It shows a delay in fruitbody formation and a reduction in the number of mushrooms formed per dikaryon. The mre11-1 mutant also has several meiotic defects. Pachytene chromatin condensation is disrupted, and although some meiotic cells appear to achieve metaphase I condensation, no further meiotic progression is observed. The mre11-1 mutant also fails to undergo proper chromosome synapsis; neither axial elements nor mature synaptonemal complexes are complete. Finally, meiotic homolog pairing is reduced in the mre11-1 mutant. Thus, in C. cinereus, Mre11 is required for meiotic DNA metabolism.

ATM and RPA in meiotic chromosome synapsis and recombination

1997 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 457-461 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annemieke W. Plug ◽  
Antoine H.F.M Peters ◽  
Yang Xu ◽  
Kathleen S. Keegan ◽  
Merl F. Hoekstra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Meiotic Chromosome ◽  
Chromosome Synapsis

scholarly journals X Chromosome Control of Meiotic Chromosome Synapsis in Mouse Inter-Subspecific Hybrids

PLoS Genetics ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. e1004088 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tanmoy Bhattacharyya ◽  
Radka Reifova ◽  
Sona Gregorova ◽  
Petr Simecek ◽  
Vaclav Gergelits ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
X Chromosome ◽  
Meiotic Chromosome ◽  
Chromosome Synapsis

Cytogenetic analyses of intergeneric hybrids between barley and nine species of Elymus

Genome ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 51 (11) ◽  
pp. 897-904 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.-S. Kim ◽  
G. Fedak ◽  
F. Han ◽  
W. Cao
Keyword(s):  
Wild Species ◽  
Meiotic Chromosome ◽  
Abiotic Stress Tolerance ◽  
Chromosome Analysis ◽  
Intergeneric Hybrids ◽  
Biotic And Abiotic Stress ◽  
Crop Species ◽  
Barley Cultivars ◽  
Bivalent Formation ◽  
Gish Analysis

Wild species in the Triticeae tribe are very valuable resources for agronomic improvement in cereal crop species. Intergeneric hybrids were produced between several barley cultivars and perennial species in the genera Elymus , Thinopyrum , and Pseudoroegneria . Caryopsis formation and subsequent plantlet regeneration from embryo culture were variable depending on the hybrid combinations. Chromosome numbers and hybrid identity were confirmed by GISH analysis on the somatic cells of the hybrids. While the hybrids showed very robust vegetative growth and exceeded the parental spikes in size, their floral morphologies resembled that of the wild species. Meiotic chromosome analysis revealed that the bivalent formation frequency per cell ranged from 0.06 in Hordeum vulgare ‘Betzes’ × Elymus curvatus to 3.0 in Elymus humidus  × H. vulgare ‘Manley’. By GISH analysis on the meiocytes of the hybrid E. humidus × ‘Manley’, the frequency of autosyndetic bivalents exceeded the allosyndetic bivalent formation, which gave an insight into the genome constitution of E. humidus as an autoallohexploid species. Regardless of the low allosyndetic chromosome pairing between barley and E. humidus, this combination may be useful for further input, since E. humidus is known to carry many valuable genes for biotic and abiotic stress tolerance.

scholarly journals Oligopaint DNA FISH as a tool for investigating meiotic chromosome dynamics in the silkworm, Bombyx mori

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leah F Rosin ◽  
Jose Gil ◽  
Ines Anna Drinnenberg ◽  
Elissa P Lei
Keyword(s):  
Bombyx Mori ◽  
Meiotic Chromosome ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Classical Model ◽  
Spindle Pole ◽  
Meiotic Pairing ◽  
Homolog Pairing ◽  
Bivalent Formation ◽  
High Flexibility ◽  
Silkworm Bombyx Mori

Accurate chromosome segregation during meiosis is essential for reproductive success. Yet, many fundamental aspects of meiosis remain unclear, including the mechanisms regulating homolog pairing across species. This gap is partially due to our inability to visualize individual chromosomes during meiosis. Here, we employ Oligopaint FISH to investigate homolog pairing and compaction of meiotic chromosomes in a classical model system, the silkworm Bombyx mori. Our Oligopaint design combines multiplexed barcoding with secondary oligo labeling for high flexibility and low cost. These studies illustrate that Oligopaints are highly specific in whole-mount gonads and on meiotic chromosome spreads. We show that meiotic pairing is robust in both males and female meiosis. Additionally, we show that meiotic bivalent formation in B. mori males is highly similar to bivalent formation in C. elegans, with both of these pathways ultimately resulting in the pairing of chromosome ends with non-paired ends facing the spindle pole and microtubule recruitment independent of the centromere-specifying factor CENP-A.

scholarly journals A pseudo-meiotic centrosomal function of TEX12 in cancer

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Sandhu ◽  
LJ Salmon ◽  
JE Hunter ◽  
CL Wilson ◽  
ND Perkins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cellular Proliferation ◽  
Meiotic Chromosome ◽  
Cancer Therapeutics ◽  
Structural Protein ◽  
Multiple Cancer ◽  
Aberrant Expression ◽  
Homologous Chromosomes ◽  
Chromosome Synapsis ◽  
Cancer Models ◽  
The Many

AbstractCell division by meiosis involves an extraordinary chromosome choreography including pairing, synapsis and crossing over between homologous chromosomes1, 2. The many meiosis-specific genes involved in these processes also constitute a latent toolbox of chromosome remodelling and recombination factors that may be exploited through aberrant expression in cancer3, 4. Here, we report that TEX12, a structural protein involved in meiotic chromosome synapsis5–7, is aberrantly expressed in human cancers, with high TEX12 levels correlating with poor prognosis. We find that TEX12 knock-down causes proliferative failure in multiple cancer cell lines, and confirm its role in the early stages of oncogenesis through murine cancer models. Remarkably, somatically expressed TEX12 localises to centrosomes, leading to altered centrosome number and structure, features associated with cancer development. Further, we identify TEX12 in meiotic centrin-rich bodies, likely precursors of the mitotic centrosome, suggesting that this may represent an additional cellular function of TEX12 in meiosis that has been previously overlooked. Thus, we propose that an otherwise meiotic function of TEX12 in centrosome duplication is responsible for promoting oncogenesis and cellular proliferation in cancer, which may be targeted for novel cancer therapeutics and diagnostics.

Meiotic chromosome synapsis in a haploid yeast

Chromosoma ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 100 (4) ◽  
pp. 221-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
Josef Loidl ◽  
Knud Nairz ◽  
Franz Klein
Keyword(s):  
Meiotic Chromosome ◽  
Chromosome Synapsis

scholarly journals A molecular model for the role of SYCP3 in meiotic chromosome organisation

eLife ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johanna Liinamaria Syrjänen ◽  
Luca Pellegrini ◽  
Owen Richard Davies
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Model ◽  
Meiotic Chromosome ◽  
Lateral Element ◽  
Homologous Chromosomes ◽  
Meiotic Chromosomes ◽  
Double Stranded Dna ◽  
Evolutionarily Conserved ◽  
20 Nm ◽  
Chromosome Organisation

The synaptonemal complex (SC) is an evolutionarily-conserved protein assembly that holds together homologous chromosomes during prophase of the first meiotic division. Whilst essential for meiosis and fertility, the molecular structure of the SC has proved resistant to elucidation. The SC protein SYCP3 has a crucial but poorly understood role in establishing the architecture of the meiotic chromosome. Here we show that human SYCP3 forms a highly-elongated helical tetramer of 20 nm length. N-terminal sequences extending from each end of the rod-like structure bind double-stranded DNA, enabling SYCP3 to link distant sites along the sister chromatid. We further find that SYCP3 self-assembles into regular filamentous structures that resemble the known morphology of the SC lateral element. Together, our data form the basis for a model in which SYCP3 binding and assembly on meiotic chromosomes leads to their organisation into compact structures compatible with recombination and crossover formation.

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