scholarly journals Actin and non-muscle myosin II facilitate apical exocytosis of tear proteins in rabbit lacrimal acinar epithelial cells

2005 ◽  
Vol 118 (20) ◽  
pp. 4797-4812 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. V. Jerdeva
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Myosin Ii ◽  
Tear Proteins ◽  
Muscle Myosin

scholarly journals 1P205 Live imaging of Non-muscle myosin II in epithelial cells

2005 ◽  
Vol 45 (supplement) ◽  
pp. S83
Author(s):  
T. Watanabe ◽  
H. Hosoya ◽  
S. Yonemura
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Myosin Ii ◽  
Live Imaging ◽  
Muscle Myosin

scholarly journals Gonococcal invasion into epithelial cells depends on both cell polarity and ezrin

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (12) ◽  
pp. e1009592
Author(s):  
Qian Yu ◽  
Liang-Chun Wang ◽  
Sofia Di Benigno ◽  
Daniel C. Stein ◽  
Wenxia Song
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cell ◽  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Cell Polarity ◽  
Immunofluorescence Microscopy ◽  
Myosin Ii ◽  
Epithelial Cell Line ◽  
Cervical Tissue ◽  
Polarized Epithelial Cells ◽  
Cervical Epithelial Cells ◽  
Muscle Myosin

Neisseria gonorrhoeae (GC) establishes infection in women from the cervix, lined with heterogeneous epithelial cells from non-polarized stratified at the ectocervix to polarized columnar at the endocervix. We have previously shown that GC differentially colonize and transmigrate across the ecto and endocervical epithelia. However, whether and how GC invade into heterogeneous cervical epithelial cells is unknown. This study examined GC entry of epithelial cells with various properties, using human cervical tissue explant and non-polarized/polarized epithelial cell line models. While adhering to non-polarized and polarized epithelial cells at similar levels, GC invaded into non-polarized more efficiently than polarized epithelial cells. The enhanced GC invasion in non-polarized epithelial cells was associated with increased ezrin phosphorylation, F-actin and ezrin recruitment to GC adherent sites, and the elongation of GC-associated microvilli. Inhibition of ezrin phosphorylation inhibited F-actin and ezrin recruitment and microvilli elongation, leading to a reduction in GC invasion. The reduced GC invasion in polarized epithelial cells was associated with non-muscle myosin II-mediated F-actin disassembly and microvilli denudation at GC adherence sites. Surprisingly, intraepithelial GC were only detected inside epithelial cells shedding from the cervix by immunofluorescence microscopy, but not significantly in the ectocervical and the endocervical regions. We observed similar ezrin and F-actin recruitment in exfoliated cervical epithelial cells but not in those that remained in the ectocervical epithelium, as the luminal layer of ectocervical epithelial cells expressed ten-fold lower levels of ezrin than those beneath. However, GC inoculation induced F-actin reduction and myosin recruitment in the endocervix, similar to what was seen in polarized epithelial cells. Collectively, our results suggest that while GC invade non-polarized epithelial cells through ezrin-driven microvilli elongation, the apical polarization of ezrin and F-actin inhibits GC entry into polarized epithelial cells.

scholarly journals Stochastic contraction of myosin minifilaments drives evolution of microridge protrusion patterns in epithelial cells

2021 ◽  
pp. mbc.E21-05-0258
Author(s):  
Aaron P. van Loon ◽  
Ivan S. Erofeev ◽  
Andrew B. Goryachev ◽  
Alvaro Sagasti
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Myosin Ii ◽  
High Resolution Imaging ◽  
Cell Surfaces ◽  
Initial Development ◽  
Zebrafish Larvae ◽  
Resolution Imaging ◽  
Muscle Myosin

Actin-based protrusions vary in morphology, stability, and arrangement on cell surfaces. Microridges are laterally-elongated protrusions on mucosal epithelial cells, where they form evenly spaced, maze-like patterns that dynamically remodel by fission and fusion. To characterize how microridges form their highly ordered, subcellular patterns and investigate the mechanisms driving fission and fusion, we imaged microridges in the maturing skin of zebrafish larvae. After their initial development, microridge spacing and alignment became increasingly well ordered. Imaging F-actin and Non-Muscle Myosin II (NMII) revealed that microridge fission and fusion were associated with local NMII activity in the apical cortex. Inhibiting NMII blocked fission and fusion rearrangements, reduced microridge density, and altered microridge spacing. High-resolution imaging allowed us to image individual NMII minifilaments in the apical cortex of cells in live animals, revealing that minifilaments are tethered to protrusions and often connect adjacent microridges. NMII minifilaments connecting the ends of two microridges fused them together, whereas minifilaments oriented perpendicular to microridges severed them or pulled them closer together. These findings demonstrate that as cells mature, cortical NMII activity orchestrates a remodeling process that creates an increasingly orderly microridge arrangement. [Media: see text] [Media: see text] [Media: see text] [Media: see text] [Media: see text] [Media: see text] [Media: see text]

scholarly journals Gonococcal invasion into epithelial cells depends on both cell polarity and ezrin

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qian Yu ◽  
Liang-Chun Wang ◽  
Daniel C. Stein ◽  
Wenxia Song
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Immunofluorescence Microscopy ◽  
Myosin Ii ◽  
Epithelial Cell Line ◽  
Apical Surface ◽  
Cervical Tissue ◽  
Symptomatic Infection ◽  
Polarized Epithelial Cells ◽  
Cervical Epithelial Cells ◽  
Muscle Myosin

AbstractNeisseria gonorrhoeae (GC) establishes symptomatic infection in women from the cervix, lined with heterogeneous epithelial cells from non-polarized stratified at the ectocervix to polarized columnar at the endocervix. We have previously shown that GC differentially colonize and transmigrate across the ecto and endocervical epithelia. However, whether and how GC invade into heterogeneous cervical epithelial cells is unknown. This study examined GC entry of epithelial cells with various properties, using human cervical tissue explant and non-polarized/polarized epithelial cell line models. While adhering to non-polarized and polarized epithelial cells at similar levels, GC invaded into non-polarized more efficiently than polarized epithelial cells. The enhanced GC invasion in non-polarized epithelial cells was associated with increased ezrin phosphorylation, F-actin and ezrin recruitment to GC adherent sites, and the elongation of GC-associated microvilli. Inhibition of ezrin phosphorylation inhibited F-actin and ezrin recruitment and microvilli elongation, leading to a reduction in GC invasion. The reduced GC invasion in polarized epithelial cells was associated with non-muscle myosin II-mediated F-actin disassembly and microvilli ablation at GC adherence sites. Surprisingly, intraepithelial GC were only detected inside epithelial cells shed from the cervix, but neither in the ectocervix nor the endocervix, by immunofluorescence microscopy. We observed similar ezrin and F-actin recruitment in exfoliated cervical epithelial cells but not in those that remained in the ectocervical epithelium, as the luminal layer of ectocervical epithelial cells expressed ten-fold lower levels of ezrin than those beneath. However, GC inoculation induced F-actin reduction and myosin recruitment in the endocervix, similar to what was seen in polarized epithelial cells. Thus, polarized expression of ezrin at the apical surface of epithelial cells inhibits GC invasion, while non-polarized expression of ezrin promotes GC invasion by driving actin accumulation and microvilli elongation.

Continuum model of epithelial morphogenesis during Caenorhabditis elegans embryonic elongation

2009 ◽  
Vol 367 (1902) ◽  
pp. 3379-3400 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Ciarletta ◽  
M. Ben Amar ◽  
M. Labouesse
Keyword(s):  
Caenorhabditis Elegans ◽  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Molecular Motor ◽  
Biomechanical Model ◽  
Epithelial Morphogenesis ◽  
Embryonic Cells ◽  
Microtubule Network ◽  
Theoretical Predictions ◽  
Elongation Process ◽  
Muscle Myosin

The purpose of this work is to provide a biomechanical model to investigate the interplay between cellular structures and the mechanical force distribution during the elongation process of Caenorhabditis elegans embryos. Epithelial morphogenesis drives the elongation process of an ovoid embryo to become a worm-shaped embryo about four times longer and three times thinner. The overall anatomy of the embryo is modelled in the continuum mechanics framework from the structural organization of the subcellular filaments within epithelial cells. The constitutive relationships consider embryonic cells as homogeneous materials with an active behaviour, determined by the non-muscle myosin II molecular motor, and a passive viscoelastic response, related to the directional properties of the filament network inside cells. The axisymmetric elastic solution at equilibrium is derived by means of the incompressibility conditions, the continuity conditions for the overall embryo deformation and the balance principles for the embryonic cells. A particular analytical solution is proposed from a simplified geometry, demonstrating the mechanical role of the microtubule network within epithelial cells in redistributing the stress from a differential contraction of circumferentially oriented actin filaments. The theoretical predictions of the biomechanical model are discussed within the biological scenario proposed through genetic analysis and pharmacological experiments.

scholarly journals Non-muscle myosin II drives vesicle loss during human reticulocyte maturation

Haematologica ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 103 (12) ◽  
pp. 1997-2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pedro L. Moura ◽  
Bethan R. Hawley ◽  
Tosti J. Mankelow ◽  
Rebecca E. Griffiths ◽  
Johannes G.G. Dobbe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Myosin Ii ◽  
Reticulocyte Maturation ◽  
Muscle Myosin

scholarly journals Non-muscle myosin II in kidney morphogenesis

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 384-384
Author(s):  
Katharine H. Wrighton
Keyword(s):  
Myosin Ii ◽  
Kidney Morphogenesis ◽  
Muscle Myosin

scholarly journals Fibroblast Migration in 3D is Controlled by Haptotaxis in a Non-muscle Myosin II-Dependent Manner

2015 ◽  
Vol 43 (12) ◽  
pp. 3025-3039 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Moreno-Arotzena ◽  
C. Borau ◽  
N. Movilla ◽  
M. Vicente-Manzanares ◽  
J. M. García-Aznar
Keyword(s):  
Myosin Ii ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Fibroblast Migration ◽  
Muscle Myosin
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