The role of retinoic acid receptors in neurite outgrowth from different populations of embryonic mouse dorsal root ganglia

2000 ◽  
Vol 113 (14) ◽  
pp. 2567-2574
Author(s):  
J. Corcoran ◽  
B. Shroot ◽  
J. Pizzey ◽  
M. Maden
Keyword(s):  
Retinoic Acid ◽  
Neurite Outgrowth ◽  
Dorsal Root ◽  
Retinoic Acid Receptors ◽  
Embryonic Mouse ◽  
Different Populations ◽  
Alpha Beta ◽  
Beta 2 ◽  
X Receptors

Dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons can be categorised into at least three types, based upon their neurotrophin requirement for survival. We have analysed the expression of the retinoic acid receptors (RARs) and the retinoid X receptors (RXRs) in NGF, NT-3 and BDNF dependent neurons isolated from embryonic day (E)13.5 mouse DRG. We show that each population of neurons expressed each of the three RXRs, (alpha), (beta) and (gamma); however, whilst the NGF and NT-3 dependent neurons expressed each of the RARs (alpha), (beta) and (gamma), the BDNF dependent neurons only expressed RAR(alpha) and (beta). When retinoic acid was added to each of the neuronal classes only the NGF and NT-3 dependent neurons responded by extending neurites, and this response involved the upregulation of RAR(beta)(2). This specificity was confirmed by the use of receptor-selective agonists as only a RAR(beta)-selective compound stimulated neurite outgrowth. These results suggest a role for RA acting via RAR(beta)(2) in the outgrowth of neurites.

scholarly journals Multiple retinoid-responsive receptors in a single cell: families of retinoid "X" receptors and retinoic acid receptors in the Xenopus egg.

1992 ◽  
Vol 89 (6) ◽  
pp. 2321-2325 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Blumberg ◽  
D. J. Mangelsdorf ◽  
J. A. Dyck ◽  
D. A. Bittner ◽  
R. M. Evans ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Retinoic Acid ◽  
Single Cell ◽  
Retinoic Acid Receptors ◽  
Retinoid X Receptors ◽  
Xenopus Egg ◽  
X Receptors

Role of PKA in the anti-Thy-1 antibody-induced neurite outgrowth of dorsal root ganglionic neurons

2007 ◽  
Vol 101 (3) ◽  
pp. 566-575 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chien-Hsing Chen ◽  
Yi-Jen Chen ◽  
Chung-Jiuan Jeng ◽  
Shih-Hung Yang ◽  
Po-Yuan Tung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neurite Outgrowth ◽  
Dorsal Root

The Role of Retinoic Acid Receptors in Myeloid Differentiation

2003 ◽  
pp. 149-161
Author(s):  
Steven J. Collins ◽  
Barton S. Johnson ◽  
Louise E. Purton
Keyword(s):  
Retinoic Acid ◽  
Retinoic Acid Receptors ◽  
Myeloid Differentiation

scholarly journals The role of retinoic acid in embryonic and post-embryonic development

2000 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Malcolm Maden
Keyword(s):  
Retinoic Acid ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Embryonic Development ◽  
Cell Regeneration ◽  
Spinal Cord Regeneration ◽  
Experimental Paradigm ◽  
Hair Cell Regeneration ◽  
X Receptors ◽  
Lung Regeneration

Retinoic acid (RA) is the bioactive metabolite of vitamin A (retinol) which acts on cells to establish or change the pattern of gene activity. Retinol is converted to RA by the action of two types of enzyme, retinol dehydrogenases and retinal dehydrogenases. In the nucleus RA acts as a ligand to activate two families of transcription factors, the RA receptors (RAR) and the retinoid X receptors (RXR) which heterodimerize and bind to the upstream sequences of RA-responsive genes. Thus, in addition to the well-established experimental paradigm of depriving animals of vitamin A to determine the role of RA in embryonic and post-embryonic development, molecular biology has provided us with two additional methodologies: knockout the enzymes or the RAR and RXR in the mouse embryo. The distribution of the enzymes and receptors, and recent experiments to determine the endogenous distribution of RA in the embryo are described here, as well as the effects on the embryo of knocking out the enzymes and receptors. In addition, recent studies using the classical vitamin A-deprivation technique are described, as they have provided novel insights into the regions of the embryo which crucially require RA, and the gene pathways involved in their development. Finally, the post-embryonic or regenerating systems in which RA plays a part are described, i.e. the regenerating limb, lung regeneration, hair cell regeneration in the ear and spinal cord regeneration in the adult.

Retinoic acid receptors and retinoid X receptors in the mature retina: Subtype determination and cellular distribution

1999 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 338-347 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacques J.M. Janssen ◽  
Eleonoor D. Kuhlmann ◽  
Anke H.M. van Vugt ◽  
Huub J. Winkens ◽  
Bert P.M. Janssen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Retinoic Acid ◽  
Retinoic Acid Receptors ◽  
Cellular Distribution ◽  
Retinoid X Receptors ◽  
X Receptors
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