Identification of the most abundant secreted proteins from the salivary glands of the sand fly Lutzomyia longipalpis, vector of Leishmania chagasi

The phlebotomine sand fly Lutzomyia longipalpis has been incriminated as a vector of American visceral leishmaniasis, caused by Leishmania chagasi. However, some evidence has been accumulated suggesting that it may exist in nature not as a single but as a species complex. Our goal was to compare four laboratory reference populations of L. longipalpis from distinct geographic regions at the molecular level by RAPD-PCR. We screened genomic DNA for polymorphic sites by PCR amplification with decamer single primers of arbitrary nucleotide sequences. One primer distinguished one population (Marajó Island, Pará State, Brazil) from the other three (Lapinha Cave, Minas Gerais State, Brazil; Melgar, Tolima Department, Colombia and Liberia, Guanacaste Province, Costa Rica). The population-specific and the conserved RAPD-PCR amplified fragments were cloned and shown to differ only in number of internal repeats.

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Description of six autochthonous cases of canine visceral leishmaniasis diagnosed in Pedregulho (São Paulo, Brazil)

Revista Brasileira de Parasitologia Veterinária ◽

10.1590/s1984-29612015025 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 24 (2) ◽

pp. 216-219

Author(s):

Cássia Regina de Abreu ◽

Ana Cláudia Parpinelli ◽

Romeika Reis de Lima ◽

Luis Gustavo Gosuen Gonçalves Dias ◽

Lucas de Freitas Pereira ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽

Clinical Signs ◽

Sao Paulo ◽

Sand Fly ◽

Lutzomyia Longipalpis ◽

Canine Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽

São Paulo ◽

Leishmania Chagasi ◽

The City ◽

Degrees Of Severity

Visceral leishmaniasis is an infectious disease of chronic, emerging and zoonotic nature that presents various degrees of severity. In Brazil, this illness is caused by Leishmania infantum (Leishmania chagasi), which is transmitted by the bite of the sand fly Lutzomyia longipalpis, and dogs are its main reservoir. Given the increasing spread of this disease across Brazil, the aim of this study was to report on six cases of canine visceral leishmaniasis, diagnosed in June 2013, in the city of Pedregulho, State of São Paulo, considered to be a non-endemic area and free of phlebotomine sand flies. The diagnosis was based on clinical signs of the patients and additional tests (serological and parasitological). It was concluded that the diagnosis of leishmaniasis is complex because the clinical signs are similar to other systemic diseases, thus justifying the importance of parasitological test of bone marrow, considered "gold standard", in the confirmation of the disease. In addition, the area was not, until now, considered risk place, despite notification.

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Leishmania chagasi: lipophosphoglycan characterization and binding to the midgut of the sand fly vector Lutzomyia longipalpis

Molecular and Biochemical Parasitology ◽

10.1016/s0166-6851(02)00033-6 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 121 (2) ◽

pp. 213-224 ◽

Cited By ~ 70

Author(s):

Rodrigo P.P. Soares ◽

Maria E. Macedo ◽

Catherine Ropert ◽

Nelder F. Gontijo ◽

Igor C. Almeida ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sand Fly ◽

Lutzomyia Longipalpis ◽

Leishmania Chagasi

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Lutzomyia longipalpis (Diptera: Psychodidae: Phlebotominae): a review

Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências ◽

10.1590/s0001-37652003000300005 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 75 (3) ◽

pp. 301-330 ◽

Cited By ~ 53

Author(s):

Rodrigo P. P. Soares ◽

Salvatore J. Turco

Keyword(s):

Latin America ◽

Rural Areas ◽

New World ◽

Control Measures ◽

Sand Fly ◽

Lutzomyia Longipalpis ◽

Sand Flies ◽

Recent Past ◽

Leishmania Chagasi ◽

Large Cities

Lutzomyia longipalpis is the most important vector of AmericanVisceral Leishmaniasis (AVL) due to Leishmania chagasi in the New World. Despite its importance, AVL, a disease primarily of rural areas, has increased its prevalence and became urbanized in some large cities in Brazil and other countries in Latin America. Although the disease is treatable, other control measures include elimination of infected dogs and the use of insecticides to kill the sand flies. A better understanding of vector biology could also account as one more tool for AVL control. A wide variety of papers about L. longipalpis have been published in the recent past years. This review summarizes our current information of this particular sand fly regarding its importance, biology, morphology, pheromones genetics, saliva, gut physiology and parasite interactions.

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A real-time PCR assay to estimate Leishmania chagasi load in its natural sand fly vector Lutzomyia longipalpis

Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene ◽

10.1016/j.trstmh.2008.04.003 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 102 (9) ◽

pp. 875-882 ◽

Cited By ~ 34

Author(s):

Shalindra Ranasinghe ◽

Matthew E. Rogers ◽

James G.C. Hamilton ◽

Paul A. Bates ◽

Rhayza D.C. Maingon

Keyword(s):

Real Time ◽

Real Time Pcr ◽

Sand Fly ◽

Lutzomyia Longipalpis ◽

Leishmania Chagasi ◽

Pcr Assay ◽

Natural Sand

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Isolation of maxadilan, a potent vasodilatory peptide from the salivary glands of the sand fly Lutzomyia longipalpis

Journal of Biological Chemistry ◽

10.1016/s0021-9258(18)99153-2 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 266 (17) ◽

pp. 11234-11236

Author(s):

E.A. Lerner ◽

J.M. Ribeiro ◽

R.J. Nelson ◽

M.R. Lerner

Keyword(s):

Salivary Glands ◽

Sand Fly ◽

Lutzomyia Longipalpis

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A follow-up of Beagle dogs intradermally infected with Leishmania chagasi in the presence or absence of sand fly saliva

Veterinary Parasitology ◽

10.1016/s0304-4017(03)00132-8 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 114 (2) ◽

pp. 97-111 ◽

Cited By ~ 30

Author(s):

Moacir Paranhos-Silva ◽

Geraldo G.S. Oliveira ◽

Eliana A. Reis ◽

Rejane M.C. de Menezes ◽

Octávio Fernandes ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sand Fly ◽

Beagle Dogs ◽

Leishmania Chagasi

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An Integrated Approach Using Spatial Analysis to Study the Risk Factors for Leishmaniasis in Area of Recent Transmission

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2015/621854 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 2015 ◽

pp. 1-10 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Júlia Alves Menezes ◽

Eduardo de Castro Ferreira ◽

José Dilermando Andrade-Filho ◽

Alessandra Mara de Sousa ◽

Mayron Henrique Gomes Morais ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Spatial Analysis ◽

Integrated Approach ◽

Climatic Conditions ◽

Sand Fly ◽

Leishmania Braziliensis ◽

Lutzomyia Longipalpis ◽

Recent Transmission ◽

Current Transmission ◽

Canine Infection ◽

The City

Some epidemiological aspects of leishmaniasis in the municipality of Formiga, Brazil, an important touristic site, were evaluated. Those included phlebotomine sand fly vectors, canine infection, and geoprocessing analysis for determining critical transmission areas. Sand flies (224 insects) belonging to ten different species were captured. The most captured species includedLutzomyia longipalpis(35.3%),Lutzomyia cortelezzii(33.5%), andLutzomyia whitmani(18.3%). A significant correlation between sand fly densities and climatic conditions was detected. Serological diagnosis (DPP and ELISA) was performed in 570 dogs indicating a prevalence of 5.8%. After sequencing the main species circulating in the area wereLeishmania infantumandLeishmania braziliensis. Spatial analysis demonstrated that vegetation and hydrography may be related to sand fly distribution and infected dogs. The municipality of Formiga has proven leishmaniasis vectors and infected dogs indicating the circulation of the parasite in the city. Correlation of those data with environmental and human cases has identified the critical areas for control interventions (south, northeast, and northwest). In conclusion, there is current transmission of visceral and canine human cases and the city is on the risk for the appearance of cutaneous cases.

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Leishmaniose visceral infantil: relato de caso

Revista de Medicina ◽

10.11606/issn.1679-9836.v95i3p133-137 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 95 (3) ◽

pp. 133

Author(s):

Luilson Geraldo Coelho Junior ◽

Alessandra De Paiva Wanderley ◽

Maire Stefani Lemes ◽

Bárbara Cristina Dos Santos Ribeiro Leite ◽

Bárbara Keroleny Viana Cabrobó ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Leishmania Infantum ◽

Leishmania Donovani ◽

Lutzomyia Longipalpis ◽

Leishmania Chagasi

leishmaniose visceral (LV) é uma infecção causada por protozoários tripanosomatídeos do gênero Leishmania, as espécies são: Leishmania donovani e Leishmania infantum (conhecido como Leishmania chagasi na América do Sul). A LV é uma doença parasitária grave, com elevada morbimortalidade em todo o mundo. É considerada a doença tropical mais negligenciada, em termos de desenvolvimento de novos medicamentos. Considerada um importante problema de saúde em todo o Brasil, principalmente na área endêmica de Paracatu-MG. Acomete principalmente crianças com menos de cinco anos de idade. A transmissão ocorre através da picada de fêmeas hematófagas dos vetores Lutzomyia longipalpis ou L. cruzi, infectados pela Leishmania (L.) chagasi. Os sinais clínicos da LV variam de acordo com a resposta imune do hospedeiro, podendo assumir formas assintomáticas, oligossintomáticas e a forma clássica; os principais sinais incluem febre, hepatoesplenomegalia, perda de peso e pancitopenia. Indivíduos não tratados, crianças desnutridas, indivíduos infectados pelo HIV ou em uso de drogas imunossupressoras são grupos de risco, sendo que nesses casos a LV apresenta alta letalidade. O diagnóstico é feito através da demonstração da Leishmania em aspirados de linfonodo, medula óssea e baço; por meio de sorologia, ou teste rápido como o rK39, são amplamente utilizados, e apresentam sensibilidade variável. O tratamento é realizado com antimoniais pentavalentes e anfotericina B lipossomal ou desoxicolato. Não há vacina humana; portanto o combate ao vetor é a melhor medida de prevenção. Relatamos um caso de LV em criança de 04 anos de idade, natural e procedente de Paracatu-MG.

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