scholarly journals An Integrated Approach Using Spatial Analysis to Study the Risk Factors for Leishmaniasis in Area of Recent Transmission

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Júlia Alves Menezes ◽  
Eduardo de Castro Ferreira ◽  
José Dilermando Andrade-Filho ◽  
Alessandra Mara de Sousa ◽  
Mayron Henrique Gomes Morais ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Analysis ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Sand Fly ◽  
Leishmania Braziliensis ◽  
Lutzomyia Longipalpis ◽  
Recent Transmission ◽  
Current Transmission ◽  
Canine Infection ◽  
The City

Some epidemiological aspects of leishmaniasis in the municipality of Formiga, Brazil, an important touristic site, were evaluated. Those included phlebotomine sand fly vectors, canine infection, and geoprocessing analysis for determining critical transmission areas. Sand flies (224 insects) belonging to ten different species were captured. The most captured species includedLutzomyia longipalpis(35.3%),Lutzomyia cortelezzii(33.5%), andLutzomyia whitmani(18.3%). A significant correlation between sand fly densities and climatic conditions was detected. Serological diagnosis (DPP and ELISA) was performed in 570 dogs indicating a prevalence of 5.8%. After sequencing the main species circulating in the area wereLeishmania infantumandLeishmania braziliensis. Spatial analysis demonstrated that vegetation and hydrography may be related to sand fly distribution and infected dogs. The municipality of Formiga has proven leishmaniasis vectors and infected dogs indicating the circulation of the parasite in the city. Correlation of those data with environmental and human cases has identified the critical areas for control interventions (south, northeast, and northwest). In conclusion, there is current transmission of visceral and canine human cases and the city is on the risk for the appearance of cutaneous cases.

scholarly journals Phlebotomine sand flies and canine infection in areas of human visceral leishmaniasis, Cuiabá, Mato Grosso

2011 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 228-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gustavo Leandro da Cruz Mestre ◽  
Ana Lúcia Maria Ribeiro ◽  
Rosina Djunko Miyazaki ◽  
Jorge Senatore Vargas Rodrigues ◽  
Arleana do Bom Parto Ferreira de Almeida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Sand Fly ◽  
Lutzomyia Longipalpis ◽  
Sand Flies ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Human Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Canine Infection ◽  
The City

Visceral leishmaniasis is a systemic infectious disease that can cause to a severe, potentially life-threatening chronic condition in humans. Risk factors for infection in urban areas have been associated with poor living conditions, the presence of sand fly vectors and infected pets. This study aimed to describe sand fly and canine infection in the neighborhoods of human visceral leishmaniasis occurrence in the city of Cuiabá, Mato Grosso State, central-western Brazil, reported between January 2005 and December 2006. A total of 1,909 sand flies were collected. They were predominantly males and the most frequent species were Lutzomyia cruzi (81.25%), Lutzomyia whitmani (13.88%) and Lutzomyia longipalpis (2.62%). The sand fly density was not significantly correlated with the variation of environmental factors. The prevalence of canine visceral leishmaniasis in the neighborhoods studied was 26.82% and it was found that areas with high density of vectors coincided with areas of high prevalence of dogs and those with the highest rates of human cases. The study of vectors and other potential hosts are essential for a good understanding of visceral leishmaniasis and the related public health concerns, aiming at the prevention and control of leishmaniasis in the city of Cuiabá, Mato Grosso State.

scholarly journals Insecticide-impregnated netting as a potential surface treatment: an alternative to insecticide spraying for control of the leishmaniasis vector Lutzomyia longipalpis (Diptera: Psychodidae)?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vanessa Barbosa ◽  
Cristian F Souza ◽  
Derek Gatherer ◽  
Reginaldo P Brazil ◽  
James Gordon Campbell Hamilton
Keyword(s):  
Aggregation Pheromone ◽  
Leishmania Infantum ◽  
Intervention Studies ◽  
Potential Surface ◽  
Lower Proportion ◽  
Sand Fly ◽  
Lutzomyia Longipalpis ◽  
Sand Flies ◽  
Synthetic Pheromone ◽  
Canine Infection

Abstract Background: The sand fly, Lutzomyia longipalpis, is the main vector of Leishmania infantum in Brazil. A previous laboratory study showed that covering surfaces with insecticide-impregnated netting may provide an alternative method for killing sand flies. Synthetic male Lu. longipalpis sex/aggregation pheromone co-located with micro-encapsulated l-cyhalothrin demonstrated the potential of “lure-and-kill” to significantly reduce canine infection and sand fly densities. In this study we were interested to determine if insecticide impregnated netting could replace sprayed insecticide for Lu. longipalpis control.Methods: We placed synthetic pheromone in experimental and real chicken sheds treated with a 1m2 surface of either sprayed insecticide or insecticide-impregnated netting. Two experiments in experimental chicken sheds were carried out to determine the effect of the insecticide treatments on Lu. longipalpis over 1-week and 16-week periods. We counted the number of Lu. longipalpis collected overnight and dead at 24 hours. Two longitudinal intervention studies were carried in real chicken sheds and compared the numbers of Lu. longipalpis (collected and dead at 24h) before adding the intervention (either the netting or sprayed insecticide treatments) with the numbers collected 24h after the intervention. Results: In the first experiment all flies caught in the spray treated experimental chicken sheds were dead at 24 hours and in netting treated sheds 97% of females and 88% of males were dead at 24 hours (257 vs 225, Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test P=0.043). The netting and spray treated traps were equally effective at killing both female and male Lu. longipalpis over the first 8-weeks however after 16-weeks both treatments killed a significantly lower proportion of females (64%vs 96%; P=0.000) and males 89%vs 100%; P=0.000) compared to the beginning. In the first of the longitudinal studies in real chicken sheds only the netting intervention significantly increased the proportion of females dead after 24h (60%vs81%; P=0.042). The subsequent study showed that both netting and spraying treatments had similarly significant impacts on the proportion of females dead after 24h (netting: 60%vs80%: P=0.0194 and spraying: 43%vs72%: P=0.0004).Conclusions: The netting and spray insecticide interventions (with synthetic sex/aggregation pheromone) have similar impacts on the Lu. longipalpis population.

scholarly journals Description of six autochthonous cases of canine visceral leishmaniasis diagnosed in Pedregulho (São Paulo, Brazil)

2015 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 216-219
Author(s):  
Cássia Regina de Abreu ◽  
Ana Cláudia Parpinelli ◽  
Romeika Reis de Lima ◽  
Luis Gustavo Gosuen Gonçalves Dias ◽  
Lucas de Freitas Pereira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
Sand Fly ◽  
Lutzomyia Longipalpis ◽  
Canine Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Leishmania Chagasi ◽  
The City ◽  
Degrees Of Severity

Visceral leishmaniasis is an infectious disease of chronic, emerging and zoonotic nature that presents various degrees of severity. In Brazil, this illness is caused by Leishmania infantum (Leishmania chagasi), which is transmitted by the bite of the sand fly Lutzomyia longipalpis, and dogs are its main reservoir. Given the increasing spread of this disease across Brazil, the aim of this study was to report on six cases of canine visceral leishmaniasis, diagnosed in June 2013, in the city of Pedregulho, State of São Paulo, considered to be a non-endemic area and free of phlebotomine sand flies. The diagnosis was based on clinical signs of the patients and additional tests (serological and parasitological). It was concluded that the diagnosis of leishmaniasis is complex because the clinical signs are similar to other systemic diseases, thus justifying the importance of parasitological test of bone marrow, considered "gold standard", in the confirmation of the disease. In addition, the area was not, until now, considered risk place, despite notification.

scholarly journals Análise espacial da precipitação pluviométrica na microbacia do Rio Carnaíba de dentro e seu entorno no semiárido baiano entre 2009 a 2014 / Analysis of rainfall in the river basin of carnaíba of dentro and its surrounding in semiárido baiano– 2009 (...)

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (49) ◽  
pp. 353
Author(s):  
Carlos Magno Santos Clemente ◽  
Deborah Marques Pereira ◽  
Thomas Leonardo Marques de Castro Leal ◽  
Maycon Fagundes Teixeira Reis
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Analysis ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Minas Gerais ◽  
Space Time ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Annual Precipitation ◽  
Regional Setting ◽  
Weather Stations ◽  
The City ◽  
Semi Arid

<p>A microbacia do rio Carnaíba de Dentro tem como cenário regional o semiárido baiano. Essa região é caracterizada por condições climáticas peculiares no contexto brasileiro, bem como, estiagens de chuvas em anos consecutivos. Desse modo, objetivou-se com a pesquisa compreender a distribuição da precipitação pluviométrica na microbacia hidrografia do rio Carnaíba de Dentro e seu entorno entre os anos de 2009 a 2014. Foram delimitadas 5 estações meteorológicas dentro e no entorno e o método geoestatístico utilizado foi a krigagem. Entre os anos de 2009 a 2014, os valores de precipitação anual acumulada variaram de 291,3 a 1.058 mm. A estação localizada no município de Carinhanha registrou elevados valores de precipitação (1058 mm) e baixos indicadores foram registrados na divisa de Minas Gerais com Bahia (estação Espinosa). Com isso, as análise indicam uma estiagem de 5 a 7 meses entre abril a outubro e uma distribuição irregular espaço-temporal na microbacia do rio Carnaíba de Dentro nos anos analisados.</p><p><strong>Palavras–chave:</strong> Análise Espacial; Geoprocessamento; INMET; Estação Meteorológica.</p><p><strong>Abstract </strong></p><p>The watershed of Carnaíba river has a regional setting the Bahian semi-arid. This region is characterized by peculiar climatic conditions in the Brazilian context, as well as drought rains in consecutive years. Thus, the objective of this research is to understand the distribution of the pluviometric precipitation in the watershed of Carnaíba river and its surroundings between the years of 2009 and 2014. Five weather stations were defined inside and in its surroundings and the geostatistical method was kriging. Between the year of 2009 and 2014, the values of annual precipitation accumulated ranged between 291,3 and 1.058 mm. The station located in the city of Carinhanha recorded elevated values of precipitation (1.058 mm) and low indicators were recorded on the border with Minas Gerais (Espinosa Station). Thereby, the analyses indicate an drought of 5 to 7 months between April and October and a distribution irregular space-time in the watershed of Carnaíba River in the analyzed years.</p><p><strong>Keywords</strong>: Spatial Analysis; GIS; INMET; Weather Stations.</p>

scholarly journals A New Integrated Approach for Municipal Landfill Siting Based on Urban Physical Growth Prediction: A Case Study Mashhad Metropolis in Iran

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 949
Author(s):  
Salman Qureshi ◽  
Saman Nadizadeh Shorabeh ◽  
Najmeh Neysani Samany ◽  
Foad Minaei ◽  
Mehdi Homaee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Growth ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Physical Growth ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Markov Chain Method ◽  
Physical Expansion ◽  
Hierarchy Process ◽  
The City

Due to irregular and uncontrolled expansion of cities in developing countries, currently operational landfill sites cannot be used in the long-term, as people will be living in proximity to these sites and be exposed to unhygienic circumstances. Hence, this study aims at proposing an integrated approach for determining suitable locations for landfills while considering their physical expansion. The proposed approach utilizes the fuzzy analytical hierarchy process (FAHP) to weigh the sets of identified landfill location criteria. Furthermore, the weighted linear combination (WLC) approach was applied for the elicitation of the proper primary locations. Finally, the support vector machine (SVM) and cellular automation-based Markov chain method were used to predict urban growth. To demonstrate the applicability of the developed approach, it was applied to a case study, namely the city of Mashhad in Iran, where suitable sites for landfills were identified considering the urban growth in different geographical directions for this city by 2048. The proposed approach could be of use for policymakers, urban planners, and other decision-makers to minimize uncertainty arising from long-term resource allocation.

A modelling approach to the investigation of the effects of the Minoan supervolcanic eruption on Aegian sand fly diversity

The Holocene ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 095968362110259
Author(s):  
Attila J Trájer
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Coefficient Matrix ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Sand Fly ◽  
Jaccard Coefficient ◽  
Catastrophic Event ◽  
Heat Map ◽  
Aegean Islands ◽  
Minoan Eruption ◽  
Modelling Approach

The late Bronze Age eruption of the Thera volcano was among the largest eruptions of the Holocene era. This catastrophic event might perish all organisms from the ancient Santorini and could seriously impact the sand fly fauna of the Aegean islands. To investigate these effects, the survival possibility of the sand fly fauna in the Santorini islands and the biogeographic investigation of the sand fly fauna of eleven Aegean islands were conducted. It was found that only the south and east slopes of the massifs of Thira could provide refuge for sand fly populations. The expression-based heat map of the Jaccard coefficient matrix data showed that the Santorini islands and their neighbouring Anafi, Folegandros had clearly different z-score patterns compared to the other islands. It could be a late sign of the devastating effect of the Minoan eruption and/or the consequence of the distance of these islands from the mainland. Neither the glacial seashore patterns nor the geographic-climatic conditions can explain the present sand fly fauna of the Aegean Archipelago. If the sand fly populations of ancient Santorini survived the Minoan cataclysm, it could indicate that the environmental tolerance and the resilience of the sand fly populations can be high, and local geological and geomorphological conditions can play a greater role in the survival of sand fly species than previously assumed.

A PROMISING ASSORTMENT OF TREES AND SHRUBS FOR LANDSCAPING IN VOLGOGRAD CITY

2021 ◽  
pp. 5-18
Author(s):  
E.N. Tyukhtina ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Ornamental Plants ◽  
Botanical Garden ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Green Spaces ◽  
Ecological Situation ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
High Level ◽  
The City ◽  
Trees And Shrubs

The article deals with one of the most relevant topics of the modern city and ecology - the problem of landscaping in Volgograd. The city is characterized by an industrial urbanism, with a high concentration of population, saturation of production facilities and vehicles, which contributes to a high level of negative impact on the environment. The pace of greening of the city lags behind the pace of construction of the residential sector, and the existing green spaces do not meet the sanitary and hygienic, aesthetic requirements. The prospects of this problem are determined, the existing green spaces are considered, data on the climatic conditions of the city and the ecological situation are given. Improvement in the field of landscaping is associated with the scientifically sound placement of green spaces, taking into account all the factors that affect the growth and development of plants in the urban environment. Unfortunately, due to the uneven distribution of the assortment of trees and shrubs, the species composition of the central streets and squares of the city is extremely poor. The study focuses on the role of the botanical garden in urban landscaping and aims to create recommendations for the sorting of tree and shrub plants for urban landscaping. As a result of the analysis of the assortment of ornamental plants of the open ground of the botanical garden, the article proposed species and varieties of woody and shrubby plants that have passed the introduction tests for more than 5-10 years. Recommendations for sorting are aimed at improving the ecological situation of the city and greening the recreation areas of citizens. The proposed list of tree and shrub species cannot fully solve the problem of greening the city, but it will help to significantly enrich the composition of tree and shrub plants.

scholarly journals Lutzomyia longipalpis Saliva or Salivary Protein LJM19 Protects against Leishmania braziliensis and the Saliva of Its Vector, Lutzomyia intermedia

2011 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. e1169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalia M. Tavares ◽  
Robson A. Silva ◽  
Dirceu J. Costa ◽  
Maiana A. Pitombo ◽  
Kiyoshi F. Fukutani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salivary Protein ◽  
Leishmania Braziliensis ◽  
Lutzomyia Longipalpis

scholarly journals Epidemiological aspects of influenza A related to climatic conditions during and after a pandemic period in the city of Salvador, northeastern Brazil

2014 ◽  
Vol 109 (2) ◽  
pp. 229-235 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosangela de Castro Silva ◽  
Marilda Agudo Mendonça Siqueira ◽  
Eduardo Martins Netto ◽  
Jacione Silva Bastos ◽  
Cristiana Maria Nascimento-Carvalho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Influenza A ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
The City
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document