THE EFFECTS OF TEMPERATURE ON THE OXYGEN CONSUMPTION, HEART RATE AND DEEP BODY TEMPERATURE DURING DIVING IN THE TUFTED DUCK AYTHYA FULIGULA

1992 ◽  
Vol 163 (1) ◽  
pp. 139-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. M. BEVAN ◽  
P. J. BUTLER
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Body Temperature ◽  
Deep Body Temperature ◽  
Tufted Duck ◽  
Winter Conditions ◽  
Winter Temperatures ◽  
Summer Temperatures ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Maintain Body Temperature ◽  
Deep Body

Six tufted ducks were trained to dive for food at summer temperatures (air, 26°C, water, 23°C) and at winter temperatures (air, 5.8°C, water 7.4°C). The mean resting oxygen consumption (Voo2) a t winter temperatures (rwin) was 90% higher than that at summer temperatures (Tsum), but deep body temperatures (Tb) were not significantly different. Diving behaviour and mean oxygen consumption for dives of mean duration were similar at Twin and at Tsum, although the mean oxygen consumption for surface intervals of mean duration was 50% greater at Twin and Tb was significantly lower (1°C) at the end of a series of dives in winter than it was in summer. There appears to be an energy saving of 67 J per dive during winter conditions and this may, at least partially, be the result of the metabolic heat produced by the active muscles being used to maintain body temperature. While at rest under winter conditions, this would be achieved by shivering thermogenesis. Thus, the energetic costs of foraging in tufted ducks in winter are not as great as might be expected from the almost doubling of metabolic rate in resting birds.

Polar bear locomotion: body temperature and energetic cost

1982 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. Hurst ◽  
M. L. Leonard ◽  
P. D. Watts ◽  
P. Beckerton ◽  
N. A. Øritsland
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Body Temperature ◽  
Polar Bear ◽  
Metabolic Response ◽  
Energetic Cost ◽  
Deep Body Temperature ◽  
Hunting Strategies ◽  
Relative Inability ◽  
Walking Speeds ◽  
Deep Body

The metabolic response of a 190-kg polar bear was tested at four different walking speeds within a respiration chamber mounted on a treadmill. Regressions of deep body temperature and oxygen consumption as a function of walking speed were determined. Equilibrium deep body temperature increased exponentially with speed of locomotion and indicated a relative inability to dissipate metabolic heat at high walking speeds. Metabolic rate, as measured by weight-specific oxygen consumption, was also best fit by a curvilinear equation and was twice that predicted by a general equation for quadruped locomotion. The apparent inefficiency of locomotion in polar bears suggests a compromise between thermoregulation, hunting strategies, and economy of transport.

Evaluation of a newly developed monitor of deep body temperature

2002 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 354-357 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michiaki Yamakage ◽  
Sohshi Iwasaki ◽  
Akiyoshi Namiki
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
Deep Body Temperature ◽  
Deep Body

Circadian rhythm abnormalities of deep body temperature in depressive disorders

1992 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 191-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazushi Daimon ◽  
Naoto Yamada ◽  
Tetsushi Tsujimoto ◽  
Saburo Takahashi
Keyword(s):  
Circadian Rhythm ◽  
Body Temperature ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Deep Body Temperature ◽  
Deep Body

Hypothalamic temperature and deep body temperature during copulation in the male rat

1987 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 367-370 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark S. Blumberg ◽  
Julie A. Mennella ◽  
Howard Moltz
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
Male Rat ◽  
Hypothalamic Temperature ◽  
Deep Body Temperature ◽  
Deep Body

Cores and Peripheries Revisited: The Mining Landscapes of Wadi Faynan (Southern Jordan) 5000 BC–AD 700

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Graeme Barker ◽  
David Mattingly
Keyword(s):  
Roman Empire ◽  
Iron Age ◽  
Summer Temperature ◽  
Research Interest ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Winter Temperatures ◽  
Mountain Front ◽  
Summer Temperatures ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Landscape Survey

One of Barry Cunliffe’s major areas of research interest has been societies in transition, especially in the context of core/periphery relationships between expanding states and societies on their margins. Much of this work has been on the relationships between Rome and the Iron Age societies of southern Britain on the northwestern margins of the empire, and the subsequent pathways of resistance, interaction, and transformation. In this chapter we focus on events and processes on the opposite margins of the Roman empire in the Levant, where the Nabataean state was formally incorporated into the Roman imperial system some sixty years after the Claudian invasion of Britain. We draw on the results of the Wadi Faynan Landscape Survey (1996–2000), an interdisciplinary and diachronic investigation of evidence of environmental and climatic change, settlement pattern, and human activity in the Wadi Faynan in southern Jordan (figure 7.1). Situated about 40 kilometres from the Nabataean capital of Petra, the Wadi Faynan lies in the hot and hyper-arid Jordanian Desert, at a distinctive and spectacular mountain front that reaches 1500m above the desert floor. This landform marks the eastern margin of the desert lowlands of the great Jordanian rift valley, with the trough of the Wadi ‘Arabah to the south and west, and the highlands of the Mountains of Edom and the Jordanian tablelands to the east and north (Bienkowski and Galor 2006). The mean summer temperature on the Jordanian tablelands is in the order of 178c, compared with winter temperatures of about 12ºc (Bruins 2006; Rabb’a 1994). Winter temperatures on the desert floor in the Wadi Faynan are much the same as on the plateau, but in summer temperatures frequently reach 40ºc. Seasonality is strong, with most rain falling between December and March and virtually no precipitation occurring between June and September. Annual rainfall in the lower Wadi Faynan is around 63mm and even less in theWadi ‘Arabah (‘Aqaba receives 30mm for example), whereas the Jordanian Tablelands have an average precipitation exceeding 200mm per year.

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