scholarly journals Relative contribution of quantitative and qualitative changes in mitochondria to metabolic compensation during seasonal acclimatisation of rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss

1998 ◽  
Vol 201 (21) ◽  
pp. 2961-2970 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. St-Pierre ◽  
P. M. Charest ◽  
H. Guderley
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Surface Density ◽  
Ultrastructural Changes ◽  
Muscle Fibres ◽  
Isolated Mitochondria ◽  
Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Palmitoyl Carnitine ◽  
Red Muscle ◽  
Mitochondrial Volume

This study examined whether changes in the properties of mitochondria from red muscle of rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss are accompanied by ultrastructural changes during cold acclimatisation. We compared measurements at five levels of organisation in red muscle of winter- (1 °C) and summer- (16 °C) acclimatised trout. We examined (1) maximal rates of pyruvate and palmitoyl carnitine oxidation by isolated mitochondria, (2) enzymatic activities [cytochrome c oxidase (CCO), citrate synthase (CS), carnitine palmitoyl transferase (CPT) and phosphofructokinase (PFK)] of the muscle and isolated mitochondria, (3) mitochondrial protein content in the muscle, (4) the ultrastructure of muscle fibres, and (5) the cristae surface density of the mitochondria. All variables were measured on each trout sampled. The mitochondria from winter-acclimatised trout possessed higher maximal capacities for the oxidation of pyruvate and palmitoyl carnitine than those from summer-acclimatised trout. Muscle activities of CCO, CS and CPT were greater in winter than in summer trout, whereas the levels of PFK did not differ seasonally. Similarly, the mitochondria from winter trout had elevated levels of CCO, CS and CPT compared with those isolated from summer trout. The cristae surface density of the mitochondria from winter trout (40.2+/-0.6 micrometre2 micrometre-3; mean +/- s.e.m.) was significantly higher than that from summer trout (36.4+/-1.2 micrometre2 micrometre-3), whereas there was no difference in the mitochondrial volume densities of muscle fibres from winter and summer trout. Thus, the considerable compensation of muscle aerobic capacity at low temperatures in trout is not accompanied by changes in mitochondrial volume density, but rather by shifts in enzyme levels and cristae surface density.

Selective utilization of fatty acids in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum) red muscle mitochondria

1993 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 248-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.-H. Kiessling ◽  
A. Kiessling
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Oxidation Rate ◽  
Essential Fatty Acids ◽  
Muscle Mitochondria ◽  
Fat Depots ◽  
Oxidation Rates ◽  
Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Red Muscle

This study was undertaken to establish whether fatty acids are generally oxidized at the same rate or if a pattern of oxidation rates exists to protect certain fatty acids from degradation for ATP formation. Beta-oxidation was studied in red muscle mitochondria of 10 major fatty acids that are acquired in the diet and occur in the fat depots of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum). The mitochondria were isolated by fractional centrifugation and the fatty acids were added as coenzyme A esters in the presence of carnitine. The fatty acids could be separated into roughly three groups in relation to their oxidation rates. Two fatty acids (14:0 and 16:0) were oxidized as rapidly as pyruvate. Another six acids (16:1 n − 7, 18:0, 18:1 n − 9, 20:1 n − 9, 22:1 n − 9 and 22:6 n − 3) were oxidized at about three-quarters to one-half the rate of pyruvate. The two essential fatty acids (18:2 n − 6 and 18:3 n − 3) had a slow oxidation rate, about one-fifth of that of pyruvate. The liver mitochondria from rainbow trout oxidized 18:0, 18:1, 18:2, and 18:3 at the same rate, 70–80% of that of pyruvate. These results show that rainbow trout red muscle discriminates between fatty acids used in energy production and essential fatty acid precursors, as indicated by the low β-oxidation rate of the latter acids.

Acclimation of Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) to Low Environmental pH Does Not Involve an Activation of the Pituitary-interrenal Axis, but Evokes Adjustments in Branchial Ultrastructure

1993 ◽  
Vol 50 (12) ◽  
pp. 2532-2541 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. H. M. Balm ◽  
T. G. Pottinger
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Acid Stress ◽  
Ultrastructural Changes ◽  
Control Fish ◽  
Chloride Cells ◽  
Additional Stress ◽  
Exposed Fish ◽  
Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus Mykiss

Two strains of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) were exposed to soft water at pH 4.0 for 14 days, after ambient pH was reduced gradually. Several parameters, either indicators of acid stress, or reportedly involved in the adaptive response to low pH, were monitored. No mortality occurred during the exposure period; feeding behavior, haematocrit, and plasma protein levels were not affected. A transient depression of leucocrit was observed. A minor, but significant, hypochloremia and perturbations in plasma glucose levels occurred in acid-exposed fish from one strain only. There was no evidence of activation of the pituitary-interrenal axis in acid-exposed fish. Baseline plasma ACTH and Cortisol levels were indistinguishable from those of control fish, and there was no evidence of sensitization to additional stress in acid-exposed fish, in vitro baseline and ACTH-stimulated Cortisol secretion was not significantly different in the two groups. Ultrastructural evidence indicated an increased turnover rate of chloride cells and leucocyte infiltration in gills of acid-exposed fish. These results suggest that interrenal activation and catastrophic ion loss are not inevitable consequences of exposure of rainbow trout to pH 4.0 and that ultrastructural changes in the gills indicate locally regulated adaptive mechanisms.

Thyroxine induces transitions in red muscle kinetics and steady swimming kinematics in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

2001 ◽  
Vol 290 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
David J. Coughlin ◽  
Jennifer A. Forry ◽  
Shannon M. McGlinchey ◽  
Jason Mitchell ◽  
Katherine A. Saporetti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Red Muscle ◽  
Swimming Kinematics

Cryopreservation of rainbow trout(Oncorhynchus mykiss)Blastomeres

1993 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Nilsson ◽  
Joseph G. Cloud
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus Mykiss

The essential oils of some medicinal plants on the immune system of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

Planta Medica ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 78 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
A Ghasemi Pirbalouti ◽  
E Pirali ◽  
G Pishkar ◽  
S Mohammadali Jalali ◽  
M Reyesi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus Mykiss
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