Proprioceptive contribution to distance estimation by motion parallax in a praying mantid

1998 ◽  
Vol 201 (9) ◽  
pp. 1483-1491 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Pabst ◽  
K Kral
Keyword(s):  
Motion Parallax ◽  
Distance Estimation ◽  
Image Motion ◽  
Head Motion ◽  
Jump Frequency ◽  
Praying Mantis ◽  
Retinal Image Motion ◽  
Praying Mantid ◽  
Behavioural Experiments ◽  
Measurement Mechanism

The behavioural experiments described here examined, in the praying mantis Tenodera sinensis, the manner in which the proprioceptive cervical hair plate sensilla are involved in the measurement of the distance to a jump target with the aid of motion parallax actively produced by translatory head motion. Various combinations of surgical deafferentation of the cervical hair plate sensilla had no influence on the linearisation of head motion. However, the measurement of relative and absolute distance and the jump frequency were impaired by these interventions. From the results, it is concluded that the cervical hair plate sensilla are involved in the distance measurement mechanism, probably by allowing the nervous system to compare retinal image motion with head motion. <P>

Apparent Depth with Retinal Image Motion of Expansion and Contraction Yoked to Head Movement

Perception ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 27 (8) ◽  
pp. 937-949 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takanao Yajima ◽  
Hiroyasu Ujike ◽  
Keiji Uchikawa
Keyword(s):  
Motion Parallax ◽  
Ccd Camera ◽  
Head Movements ◽  
Image Motion ◽  
Apparent Depth ◽  
Motion Cues ◽  
Relative Expansion ◽  
Retinal Image Motion ◽  
Self Motion

The two main questions addressed in this study were (a) what effect does yoking the relative expansion and contraction (EC) of retinal images to forward and backward head movements have on the resultant magnitude and stability of perceived depth, and (b) how does this relative EC image motion interact with the depth cues of motion parallax? Relative EC image motion was produced by moving a small CCD camera toward and away from the stimulus, two random-dot surfaces separated in depth, in synchrony with the observers' forward and backward head movements. Observers viewed the stimuli monocularly, on a helmet-mounted display, while moving their heads at various velocities, including zero velocity. The results showed that (a) the magnitude of perceived depth was smaller with smaller head velocities (<10 cm s−1), including the zero-head-velocity condition, than with a larger velocity (10 cm s−1), and (b) perceived depth, when motion parallax and the EC image motion cues were simultaneously presented, is equal to the greater of the two possible perceived depths produced from either of these two cues alone. The results suggested the role of nonvisual information of self-motion on perceiving depth.

scholarly journals Enhancement of Glossiness Perception by Retinal-Image Motion: Additional Effect of Head-Yoked Motion Parallax

PLoS ONE ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. e54549 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yusuke Tani ◽  
Keisuke Araki ◽  
Takehiro Nagai ◽  
Kowa Koida ◽  
Shigeki Nakauchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Retinal Image ◽  
Motion Parallax ◽  
Image Motion ◽  
Retinal Image Motion

Distance estimation by foraging honeybees

1996 ◽  
Vol 199 (1) ◽  
pp. 155-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
H Esch ◽  
J Burns
Keyword(s):  
Optical Flow ◽  
Retinal Image ◽  
Distance Estimation ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Flight Behavior ◽  
Image Motion ◽  
Image Flow ◽  
Retinal Image Motion ◽  
New Evidence ◽  
High Building

Honeybees are widely believed to assess feeder distances by the energy spent on foraging flights. However, a critical review of this 'energy hypothesis' reveals many inconsistencies in the experiments from which it was derived. In fact, new evidence shows that the energy hypothesis cannot be correct. Foragers loaded with weights do not overestimate distance, as indicated by their waggle dances performed upon return to the hive. Bees that climb to a feeder on top of a high building (50 m) signal the same distance as hive mates that visit an equidistant feeder at ground level. Foragers visiting a feeder suspended from a balloon at 70 m from their hive underestimate the distance flown dramatically when the balloon lifts the feeder from ground level to 90 m, even though the energy required to reach the feeder increases considerably. Foragers from a hive situated on a high building (50 m) that fly to a feeder on the roof of another high building (34 m) signal a much shorter distance than the actual distance flown. We propose instead an 'optical flow hypothesis': bees use the speed of retinal image motion perceived from the ground to estimate the distance flown. Flight altitude is important for distance estimation by retinal image flow, because objects move faster and farther across the retina when the bee flies closer to the ground. When the forager's flight behavior is considered, the optical flow hypothesis does not conflict with previous findings.

Retinal Image Motion During Deliberate Fixation

2000 ◽  
Vol 78 (2) ◽  
pp. 131-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
James W. Ness ◽  
Harry Zwick ◽  
Bruce E. Stuck ◽  
David J. Lurid ◽  
Brian J. Lurid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Retinal Image ◽  
Image Motion ◽  
Retinal Image Motion

The Familiar-Size Cue to Depth under Reduced-Cue Viewing Conditions

Perception ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 23 (11) ◽  
pp. 1301-1312 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Predebon ◽  
Jacob Steven Woolley
Keyword(s):  
Motion Parallax ◽  
Verbal Report ◽  
Major Determinant ◽  
Relative Distance ◽  
Head Motion ◽  
Familiar Size ◽  
Verbal Reports ◽  
Direct Reports ◽  
Visual Conditions

The familiar-size cue to perceived depth was investigated in five experiments. The stimuli were stationary familiar objects viewed monocularly under otherwise completely darkened visual conditions. Perceived depth was measured directly with the method of verbal report and indirectly with the head-motion procedure. Although the familiar-size cue influenced verbal reports of the distances of the objects, it did not determine perceived depth as assessed with the head-motion procedure. These findings support the claim that familiar size is not a major determinant of perceived depth, and that cognitive or nonperceptual factors mediate the effects of familiar size on direct reports of depth and distance. Possible reasons for the failure of familiar size to influence the head-motion-derived measures of perceived depth are discussed with particular emphasis on the role of motion parallax in determining perceptions of depth and relative distance.

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