The Familiar-Size Cue to Depth under Reduced-Cue Viewing Conditions

Perception ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 23 (11) ◽  
pp. 1301-1312 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Predebon ◽  
Jacob Steven Woolley
Keyword(s):  
Motion Parallax ◽  
Verbal Report ◽  
Major Determinant ◽  
Relative Distance ◽  
Head Motion ◽  
Familiar Size ◽  
Verbal Reports ◽  
Direct Reports ◽  
Visual Conditions

The familiar-size cue to perceived depth was investigated in five experiments. The stimuli were stationary familiar objects viewed monocularly under otherwise completely darkened visual conditions. Perceived depth was measured directly with the method of verbal report and indirectly with the head-motion procedure. Although the familiar-size cue influenced verbal reports of the distances of the objects, it did not determine perceived depth as assessed with the head-motion procedure. These findings support the claim that familiar size is not a major determinant of perceived depth, and that cognitive or nonperceptual factors mediate the effects of familiar size on direct reports of depth and distance. Possible reasons for the failure of familiar size to influence the head-motion-derived measures of perceived depth are discussed with particular emphasis on the role of motion parallax in determining perceptions of depth and relative distance.

A Distinctive Characteristic of Pictorial Perception: The Zoom Effect

Perception ◽  
1978 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 625-633 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaret A Hagen ◽  
Harry B Elliott ◽  
Rebecca K Jones
Keyword(s):  
Surface Texture ◽  
Flat Surface ◽  
Motion Parallax ◽  
Linear Perspective ◽  
Head Motion ◽  
Surface Information ◽  
Pictorial Perception

To investigate the role of flat surface information for the plane of projection in pictorial perception, three studies were designed in which varying amounts of such information were made available to adult subjects. The first study tested preferences for true or modified linear perspective under conditions of presence or absence of surface texture cues for the plane of projection. In the second and third studies, the absence of texture cues for the plane was coupled with the addition of motion parallax and binocular information respectively. It was found that adults showed a consistent preference for parallel perspective in pictures when the flat-surface information was provided either by visible texture or by motion parallax; but no consistent preference for either true or modified perspective in the absence of all three sources of flatness information or when the flat surface information was given only by binocular cues in the absence of visible surface texture or head motion.

Rethinking protocol analysis from a cultural perspective

2001 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
pp. 233-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Smagorinsky
Keyword(s):  
Protocol Analysis ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Social Role ◽  
Verbal Report ◽  
Cultural Perspective ◽  
Verbal Reports ◽  
The Social ◽  
Key Dimensions ◽  
Cultural Historical Activity

Some form of verbal report — that is, a research participant's concurrent or retrospective verbal account of thought processes during problem-solving activities — has been used throughout this century as the data base from which psychologists have developed theories of human mentation. Newell and Simon (1972) and Ericsson and Simon (1980, 1993) have provided extensive justification for use of one such method, protocol analysis, to investigate cognition from an information processing (IP) perspective. They have characterized protocol analysis as a methodology capable of providing evidence of the cognitive processes used when people attend to information stored in short term memory (STM) in order to solve problems. Cultural-historical activity theory (CHAT), with its concern for the mediation of human development by culturally- and historically-grounded signs and tools based on the work of Vygotsky (1987), Leont'ev (1981), and others, suggests a different view of protocol analysis. In this chapter I outline a CHAT perspective that accounts for protocol analysis along three key dimensions: (a) the relationship between thinking and speech from a representational standpoint; (b) the social role of speech in research methodology; and (c) the influence of speech on thinking during data collection. The purpose of this discussion is to illustrate how use of verbal reports can be viewed through a CHAT lens and to identify alternative assumptions necessary to use it from a CHAT perspective.

scholarly journals Estimating depth and distance in reach space: the role of head motion parallax

2010 ◽  
Vol 2 (7) ◽  
pp. 700-700
Author(s):  
A. M. Plooy ◽  
J. P. Wann
Keyword(s):  
Motion Parallax ◽  
Head Motion ◽  
Reach Space

scholarly journals NONPARAMETRIC ESTIMATES OF OPTION PRICES AND RELATED QUANTITIES

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (07) ◽  
pp. 1950040
Author(s):  
GIANLUCA CASSESE
Keyword(s):  
Market Imperfections ◽  
Relative Distance ◽  
Time Behavior ◽  
Option Prices ◽  
Market Returns ◽  
Actual Density ◽  
Nonparametric Estimates ◽  
Absence Of Arbitrage ◽  
Call Function

We propose a new nonparametric technique to estimate the call function based on the superhedging principle. This approach requires minimal assumptions on absence of arbitrage and other market imperfections. The estimates so obtained are then combined with SNP estimates of the actual density of market returns. This permits to investigate the time behavior of the relative distance between the two densities obtained. Our empirical findings suggest that the more the two densities differ, the shorter is time to maturity, suggesting a major role of uncertainty over shorter than longer horizons.

scholarly journals The role of motion parallax in the perception of egocentric direction

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (10) ◽  
pp. 985
Author(s):  
Kait Clark ◽  
Simon Rushton
Keyword(s):  
Motion Parallax ◽  
Egocentric Direction

Apparent Depth with Retinal Image Motion of Expansion and Contraction Yoked to Head Movement

Perception ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 27 (8) ◽  
pp. 937-949 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takanao Yajima ◽  
Hiroyasu Ujike ◽  
Keiji Uchikawa
Keyword(s):  
Motion Parallax ◽  
Ccd Camera ◽  
Head Movements ◽  
Image Motion ◽  
Apparent Depth ◽  
Motion Cues ◽  
Relative Expansion ◽  
Retinal Image Motion ◽  
Self Motion

The two main questions addressed in this study were (a) what effect does yoking the relative expansion and contraction (EC) of retinal images to forward and backward head movements have on the resultant magnitude and stability of perceived depth, and (b) how does this relative EC image motion interact with the depth cues of motion parallax? Relative EC image motion was produced by moving a small CCD camera toward and away from the stimulus, two random-dot surfaces separated in depth, in synchrony with the observers' forward and backward head movements. Observers viewed the stimuli monocularly, on a helmet-mounted display, while moving their heads at various velocities, including zero velocity. The results showed that (a) the magnitude of perceived depth was smaller with smaller head velocities (<10 cm s−1), including the zero-head-velocity condition, than with a larger velocity (10 cm s−1), and (b) perceived depth, when motion parallax and the EC image motion cues were simultaneously presented, is equal to the greater of the two possible perceived depths produced from either of these two cues alone. The results suggested the role of nonvisual information of self-motion on perceiving depth.

Response Demands and Blindfolding in the Crossed-Hands Deficit: An Exploration of Reference Frame Conflict

2013 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 465-482 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle L. Cadieux ◽  
David I. Shore
Keyword(s):  
Reference Frame ◽  
Visual Information ◽  
Reference Frames ◽  
Internal Reference ◽  
Eyes Closed ◽  
External Reference ◽  
Eyes Open ◽  
Temporal Order Judgments ◽  
Visual Conditions

Performance on tactile temporal order judgments (TOJs) is impaired when the hands are crossed over the midline. The cause of this effect appears to be tied to the use of an external reference frame, most likely based on visual information. We measured the effect of degrading the external reference frame on the crossed-hand deficit through restriction of visual information across three experiments. Experiments 1 and 2 examined three visual conditions (eyes open–lights on, eyes open–lights off, and eyes closed–lights off) while manipulating response demands; no effect of visual condition was seen. In Experiment 3, response demands were altered to be maximally connected to the internal reference frame and only two visual conditions were tested: eyes open–lights on, eyes closed–lights off. Blindfolded participants had a reduced crossed-hands deficit. Results are discussed in terms of the time needed to recode stimuli from an internal to an external reference frame and the role of conflict between these two reference frames in causing this effect.

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