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Author(s):  
Felecia Beulah

Abstract: The prefabricated materials used in construction has indeed been hailed amongst the most efficient approaches, there is a difficulty in implementing this process in the construction industry. The article included an outline of the obstacles and factors that influence prefabrication or modular construction in India. The issues of prefabrication and modular construction were investigated through case studies. Prefabricated elements have been demonstrated to be an efficient and efficient approach for improving productivity and the process of construction, as well as assuring the quality of construction & reducing time and cost. However, there are a number of issues with this strategy in practise, including initial high building costs, lack of understanding of the prefabricated method of construction, technical and installation hurdles, and the inability to find prefabrication businesses locally. Because of the nature of the city and also the growing population, the use of such prefabricated materials in the construction of buildings is beneficial. Keywords: Prefabricated construction, Challenges, fabricated elements, Installation hurdles


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Zakary Dittmer

<p>The issue of abandoned retail stores is one that is evident throughout the country and at different scales throughout the world. The appearance leaves main streets and central business districts’ looking tired and run down and does little to benefit the local economy. The rise and demand of international retail corporations in provincial cities, has transformed inner city infrastructure. This combined with suburban sprawl has resulted in high building vacancies and poor community moral.  Looking to new theories around Urban Interior Architecture, this research explores the boundary between internal and external design methods and pushes for a merger of the design disciplines to create a coherent spatial context. In order to repopulate the city, human focused design methods are explored to encourage social interactions, commercial activity and habitation of the many vacant sites.  Through the use of site-specific design, Rotorua will be investigated to understand the reasoning for the abandoned stores and will look to the urban context to identify potential remedies to solve the neglect. The identity of Rotorua its Placemaking and Cultural Heritage of its people will inform the design response to bring the community back into the heart of the central city.</p>


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Zakary Dittmer

<p>The issue of abandoned retail stores is one that is evident throughout the country and at different scales throughout the world. The appearance leaves main streets and central business districts’ looking tired and run down and does little to benefit the local economy. The rise and demand of international retail corporations in provincial cities, has transformed inner city infrastructure. This combined with suburban sprawl has resulted in high building vacancies and poor community moral.  Looking to new theories around Urban Interior Architecture, this research explores the boundary between internal and external design methods and pushes for a merger of the design disciplines to create a coherent spatial context. In order to repopulate the city, human focused design methods are explored to encourage social interactions, commercial activity and habitation of the many vacant sites.  Through the use of site-specific design, Rotorua will be investigated to understand the reasoning for the abandoned stores and will look to the urban context to identify potential remedies to solve the neglect. The identity of Rotorua its Placemaking and Cultural Heritage of its people will inform the design response to bring the community back into the heart of the central city.</p>


2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (17) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nur Farah Hanna Mohd Rohaizad ◽  
Ezdihar Hamzah ◽  
Hariati Abdullah Hashim ◽  
Azizah Ismail

Infrastructure asset requires high building capacity for its operations. Its functions are also linked to other infrastructures. In this light, an asset’s uniqueness in its design, operations, stakeholders’ interest, and business growth affects its overall value. Therefore, valuation is a critical component of infrastructure assets. This is because specific components incorporate the approaches for valuing assets. This paper highlights the valuation method for infrastructure assets and identifies the tangible and intangible perspectives incorporated in infrastructure asset valuation. Thus, each tangible and intangible perspective were investigated and critically detailed in this paper. Identifying the tangible and intangible components in an asset is essential because it will affect the valuation methods that will be used to value the asset. Then, it will also be affected on the final value of the asset. The research findings are derived from a critical review of literature on tangible and intangible assets. This study adopted the qualitative approach, where a series of in-depth interviews were conducted with experts to get an insight into how these tangible and intangible perspectives influence asset valuation. This paper will enrich the current body of knowledge and benefit practitioners who could apply the study’s output to real practice.


Land ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 732
Author(s):  
Piotr Lityński ◽  
Piotr Serafin

Polynuclearity and polycentricity are spatial phenomena which overlap each other in the context of urban sprawl, and this sometimes hinders the possibility of clearly distinguishing the two. Hence, the basic goal of the article is to indicate the differences between polycentricity and polynuclearity as well as their conceptualization and operationalization as urban sprawl features. The article indicates that the main differences between polycentricity and polynuclearity boil down to functional connections. However, empirical exemplification was made in relation to the agglomeration of Cracow, Poland using an urban morphology approach based on 1 km2 square grids. Among the conclusions, it can be found that the identification of the central core is an important stage of research. If at least two cores appear then polynuclearity is identified and then polycentricity can be further identified. Testing of four mathematical approaches to identifying the central core showed that the most accurate results are given by the 95th percentile, i.e., the grids within the 95th percentile of building density qualify for the central core. It is also necessary to remove grids with extremely high building density from the analyses.


Atmosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 705
Author(s):  
Zdzislaw Salamonowicz ◽  
Malgorzata Majder-Lopatka ◽  
Anna Dmochowska ◽  
Aleksandra Piechota-Polanczyk ◽  
Andrzej Polanczyk

Smoke from fires in residential buildings represents the greatest threat to the life and health of inhabitants and firefighters at the scene of an accident. Therefore, the aim of this study was to reconstruct a numerical model for the estimation of smoke spread in a medium-high building under different ventilation conditions. Here, the three-dimensional geometry of a designated medium-high building was reconstructed and an exit door in the basement was specified as a smoke inlet; a window in the upper part was marked as outlet; and an entrance door, which allowed the outside air to enter the building after opening, was designated as an inlet door. The initial simulation, in which no air could enter the building, predicted the time taken for the staircase to become filled with smoke. In a second simulation, the entrance door was a fresh air inlet. The results showed that, for the analyzed building, rapid use of the mechanical ventilation can shorten the time of operations and improve their safety.


Author(s):  
Nicholaus Stefanus ◽  
Agustinus Sutanto

In 2050, several areas in Jakarta are predicted to sink, especially in the Northern, that have experienced significant subsidence in the ground level. One of the inhabited areas that need to be considered in the future is Kampung Kota in a coastal area. Most of the Kampung Kota currently have a high building density and minimal green space. Here, the place to face the overflowing water from the sea, Kampung Marlina. Marlina is an extension of the residential area for people working in the Sunda Kelapa and Kota Tua areas (1980). In the past, the residents' houses were the Stilt Houses, residents can preserve fish under the house and it became the habit of the residents there, then it dissapear by time. Stilt Architecture is designed to accommodate the activities of the citizens of Jakarta in facing the phenomenon of the Jakarta Sinking in 2050 with the issue of tidal flooding from the sea. Using permaculture design theory, the site pattern was studied and then placed the waterways to adjust to the drainage in Kampung Marlina. Then using the Urbanism Landscape Method, Program Method and raising the habits of the residents, the building is designed like a stage by presenting the concept of a pond below, so that it serves to anticipate flooding from the sea, as well as a means for residents to cultivate seagrass beds and small fish and shrimp. In areas equipped with permaculture gardens on the edges of these airways. The garden is planted with plants with high water absorption. In the area there is a research building and lodging for researchers or students.Keywords:  coastal; kampung kota residents; kampung marlina; permaculture; rob floodAbstrakPada tahun 2050, beberapa daerah di Jakarta diprediksi akan tenggelam, khususnya pada bagian Utara. Hal ini ditandai oleh daerah-daerah yang telah mengalami turunnya permukaan tanah secara signifikan. Salah satu kawasan berhuni yang perlu diperhatikan di masa depan adalah Kampung Kota di daerah pesisir. Sebagian besar Kampung Kota saat ini memiliki kepadatan bangunan yang tinggi serta minim ruang hijau. Di sini, tempat yang pertama kali akan menghadapi luapan air dari arah laut, Kampung Marlina. Kampung Marlina merupakan perluasan daerah bermukim untuk masyarakat yang bekerja di daerah Sunda Kelapa dan Kota Tua (1980). Dahulu rumah-rumah warga merupakan Rumah Panggung, yang di bawah rumah tersebut warga dapat memelihara ikan dan menjadi suatu kebiasaan warga di sana, kemudian ditinggalkan seiring berjalannya waktu. Arsitektur Panggung ini dirancang demi tujuan mewadahi aktivitas warga Jakarta dalam menghadapi fenomena Tenggelamnya Jakarta di tahun 2050 dengan isu luapan air/banjir rob dari arah laut. Menggunakan teori desain permakultur, pola tapak distudi dan kemudian menempatkan jalur-jalur air menyesuaikan dengan drainase pada Kampung Marlina. Kemudian menggunakan metode Landscape Urbanism, metode Program dan mengangkat kebiasaan dahulu warga, bangunan dirancang seperti panggung dengan menghadirkan konsep kolam di bawahnya, sehingga selain berfungsi mengantisipasi banjir rob dari laut, juga sebagai sarana warga membudidayakan padang lamun serta ikan kecil dan udang. Pada kawasan dilengkapi dengan kebun permakultur pada tepi jalur-jalur air tersebut. Kebun tersebut ditanami tanaman dengan penyerapan air yang tinggi. Pada kawasan terdapat bangunan riset serta tempat penginapan untuk para periset ataupun pelajar.


Author(s):  
Ju-wei Xia ◽  
Yun-long Yao ◽  
Xiao-shun Wu ◽  
Yuan-hong Chen

Hydraulic automatic climbing formwork equipment is widely used in super-high-rise building construction due to its advantages of simple operation, fast construction speed, low cost, and high automation. Quantitative calculation of the mechanical state of climbing formwork equipment is an important technical means of ensuring safety during super-high building construction. This work thus introduces a hydraulic climbing formwork equipment structure and subsequently analyzes the construction process and the main working state of the hydraulic climbing formwork equipment. Then, for the design of the outer climbing frame of the hydraulic climbing formwork, an approximate analytical method for solving the node reaction force is proposed. Finally, combined with the actual engineering, the calculation results of the approximate analytical method and the finite element method are compared, and the calculation and analysis methods of the hydraulic climbing formwork equipment frame and key nodes are introduced. The calculation analysis process and related conclusions can be used as engineering reference for similar projects.


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