Experimental studies of the aerodynamics of spinning and stationary footballs

The accurate discrimination of the aerodynamic parameters affecting the flight of sports balls is essential in the product development process. Aerodynamic studies reported to date have been limited, primarily because of the inherent difficulty of making accurate measurements on a moving or spinning ball. Manufacturers therefore generally rely on field trials to determine ball performance, but the approach is time-consuming and subject to considerable variability. The current paper describes the development of a method for mounting stationary and spinning footballs in a wind tunnel to enable accurate force data to be obtained. The technique is applied to a number of footballs with differing constructions and the results reported. Significant differences in performance are noted for both stationary and spinning balls and the importance of the ball orientation to the flow is highlighted. To put the aerodynamic data into context the results are applied in a flight model to predict the potential differences in the behaviour of each ball in the air. The aerodynamic differences are shown to have a considerable effect on the flight path and the effect of orientation is shown to be particularly significant when a ball is rotating slowly. Though the techniques reported here are applied to a football they are equally applicable to other ball types.

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Human Aspects of Design Work

17th Design Automation Conference: Volume 2 — Computer-Aided Design, Mechanical Systems Simulation, and Analysis, Mechanisms, and Robotics ◽

10.1115/detc1991-0136 ◽

1991 ◽

Author(s):

Margareta Norell ◽

Svante Hovmark

Keyword(s):

Product Development ◽

Development Process ◽

Research Work ◽

Experimental Studies ◽

Product Development Process ◽

Design Work ◽

Support Person ◽

Human Aspects ◽

Design And Manufacturing ◽

Interdisciplinary Research Project

Abstract Conclusions and experiences from three examinations within a Swedish interdisciplinary research project (MANDECO) are discussed in this paper. The purpose of the research work is to find ways to satisfy both demands on the effectiveness of the designer in the product development process and personal demands from the designers on the working situation. Interviews, questionnaires and experimental studies in industrial companies and in the technical university are used to find variables related to an estimated product development process. CAD-work, implementation of the Design for Manufacture concept and Simultaneous Engineering in co-operation between design and manufacturing are important issues in the paper. Some conclusions from the use of computer tools in design work from studies in the project are: The systems should be developed to support calculations, analysis, routine work and knowledge transference in the design process and preferably to be used less than an average of about 30 hours/week to restrict physical complaints. Co-operation between design and manufacturing is supported if the same tools can be used in the two departments, if the knowledge in the system is uncontroversial and if the process is organized to support person-to-person discussions.

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Experience Design Applied to Research

Conference Proceedings of the Academy for Design Innovation Management ◽

10.33114/adim.2019.04.351 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Andrea CAPRA ◽

Ana BERGER ◽

Daniela SZABLUK ◽

Manuela OLIVEIRA

Keyword(s):

Information Technology ◽

Product Development ◽

Design Process ◽

Development Process ◽

Product Development Process ◽

Experience Design ◽

Low Resolution ◽

Design Concepts ◽

Innovative Products ◽

Technological Products

An accurate understanding of users' needs is essential for the development of innovative products. This article presents an exploratory method of user centered research in the context of the design process of technological products, conceived from the demands of a large information technology company. The method is oriented - but not restricted - to the initial stages of the product development process, and uses low-resolution prototypes and simulations of interactions, allowing users to imagine themselves in a future context through fictitious environments and scenarios in the ambit of ideation. The method is effective in identifying the requirements of the experience related to the product’s usage and allows rapid iteration on existing assumptions and greater exploration of design concepts that emerge throughout the investigation.

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Different Approaches to Design Management - comparative study among Swedish and Polish furniture companies

Swedish Design Research Journal ◽

10.3384/svid.2000-964x.12246 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

pp. 46-52 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Justyna Starostka

Keyword(s):

Best Practices ◽

Marketing Strategy ◽

Development Process ◽

Product Development Process ◽

Design Management ◽

Brand Name ◽

The Third ◽

Design Activities ◽

Effective Product ◽

A Company

There are many roles that design can play in organisations. It can be source of good marketing strategy, and designer by himself can be a promotional tool for a company. Thanks to those actions companies can gain publicity, media attention and good PR.On the second level, design can be perceived as ‘process of making things better’. In this case companies can achieve more effective product development process, new tools and technologies.On the third level we have the situation when designer work alongside with company managers with the whole business concept. At this level, designers’ work looks more like a brand consultant, a strategist. In this approach design should be reflecting certain brand name and brand values.As our study presented, Swedish companies operate on those two, higher levels, while Polish still limit the scope of design. We strongly believe, that Polish companies, as they gain more experience with design activities, will be more likely to perceive design in this more mature approach. In the meantime, presenting best practices from companies from other, more mature countries could be a good way of promoting design as a strategic asset rather than promotional tool. We believe that in order to fasten this process, Polish companies should as follows:1. Work more often with external and foreign designers;2. Expand the area of designer responsibilities in companies;3. Place the responsibility for design in hands of professional design managers.

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