scholarly journals The Influence of the Frontal Surface Area and Swim Velocity Variation in Front Crawl Active Drag

2020 ◽  
Vol Publish Ahead of Print ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge E. Morais ◽  
Ross H. Sanders ◽  
Christopher Papic ◽  
Tiago M. Barbosa ◽  
Daniel A. Marinho
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Velocity Variation ◽  
Front Crawl ◽  
Frontal Surface ◽  
Active Drag

scholarly journals Monitoring Master Swimmers’ Performance and Active Drag Evolution along a Training Mesocycle

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (7) ◽  
pp. 3569
Author(s):  
Henrique P. Neiva ◽  
Ricardo J. Fernandes ◽  
Ricardo Cardoso ◽  
Daniel A. Marinho ◽  
J. Arturo Abraldes
Keyword(s):  
Aerobic Training ◽  
Training Period ◽  
Velocity Variation ◽  
Hydrodynamic Drag ◽  
Swimming Training ◽  
Front Crawl ◽  
Maximal Intensity ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Active Drag

This study aimed to analyze the effects of a swimming training mesocycle in master swimmers’ performance and active drag. Twenty-two 39.87 ± 6.10 year-old master swimmers performed a 25 m front crawl at maximal intensity before and after a typical four-week training mesocycle. Maximum, mean and minimum speeds, speed decrease and hip horizontal intra-cyclic velocity variation were assessed using an electromechanical speedometer, and the active drag and power to overcome drag were determined using the measuring active drag system. Maximum, mean and minimum front crawl speeds improved from pre- to post-training (mean ± 95% CI: 3.1 ± 2.8%, p = 0.04; 2.9 ± 1.6%, p = 0.01; and 4.6 ± 3.1%, p = 0.01; respectively) and the speed decrease along the 25 m test lowered after the training period (82.5 ± 76.3%, p = 0.01). The training mesocycle caused a reduction in the active drag at speeds corresponding to 70% (5.0 ± 3.9%), 80% (5.6 ± 4.0%), and 90% (5.9 ± 4.0%), but not at 100% (5.9 ± 6.7%), of the swimmers’ maximal exertions in the 25 m test. These results showed that four weeks of predominantly aerobic training could improve master swimmers’ performance and reduce their hydrodynamic drag while swimming mainly at submaximal speeds.

scholarly journals Young Swimmers’ Classification Based on Kinematics, Hydrodynamics, and Anthropometrics

2014 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 310-315 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiago M. Barbosa ◽  
Jorge E. Morais ◽  
Mário J. Costa ◽  
José Goncalves ◽  
Daniel A. Marinho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Discriminant Analysis ◽  
Drag Coefficient ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Stepwise Discriminant Analysis ◽  
Swimming Velocity ◽  
Front Crawl ◽  
Speed Fluctuation ◽  
Cluster 2 ◽  
Active Drag

The aim of this article has been to classify swimmers based on kinematics, hydrodynamics, and anthropometrics. Sixty-seven young swimmers made a maximal 25 m front-crawl to measure with a speedometer the swimming velocity (v), speed-fluctuation (dv) anddvnormalized tov(dv/v). Another two 25 m bouts with and without carrying a perturbation device were made to estimate active drag coefficient (CDa). Trunk transverse surface area (S) was measured with photogrammetric technique on land and in the hydrodynamic position. Cluster 1 was related to swimmers with a high speed fluctuation (ie,dvanddv/v), cluster 2 with anthropometrics (ie,S) and cluster 3 with a high hydrodynamic profile (ie,CDa). The variable that seems to discriminate better the clusters was thedv/v(F= 53.680;P< .001), followed by thedv(F= 28.506;P< .001),CDa(F= 21.025;P< .001),S(F= 6.297;P< .01) andv(F= 5.375;P= .01). Stepwise discriminant analysis extracted 2 functions: Function 1 was mainly defined bydv/vandS(74.3% of variance), whereas function 2 was mainly defined byCDa(25.7% of variance). It can be concluded that kinematics, hydrodynamics and anthropometrics are determinant domains in which to classify and characterize young swimmers’ profiles.

Relationships Between Propulsion and Anthropometry in Paralympic Swimmers

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 978-985 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew A. Dingley ◽  
David B. Pyne ◽  
Brendan Burkett
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Physical Disability ◽  
Swimming Performance ◽  
Upper Body ◽  
Swimming Velocity ◽  
Frontal Surface ◽  
Anthropometric Measures ◽  
Arm Span ◽  
Upper Body Power

Purpose:To characterize relationships between propulsion, anthropometry, and performance in Paralympic swimming.Methods:A cross-sectional study of swimmers (13 male, 15 female) age 20.5 ± 4.4 y was conducted. Subject locomotor categorizations were no physical disability (n = 8, classes S13–S14) and low-severity (n = 11, classes S9–S10) or midseverity disability (n = 9, classes S6–S8). Full anthropometric profiles estimated muscle mass and body fat, a bilateral swim-bench ergometer quantified upper-body power production, and 100-m time trials quantified swimming performance.Results:Correlations between ergometer mean power and swimming performance increased with degree of physical disability (low-severity male r = .65, ±0.56, and female r = .68, ±0.64; midseverity, r = .87, ±0.41, and r = .79, ±0.75). The female midseverity group showed nearperfect (positive) relationships for taller swimmers’ (with a greater muscle mass and longer arm span) swimming faster, while for female no- and low-severity-disability groups, greater muscle mass was associated with slower velocity (r = .78, ±0.43, and r = .65, ±0.66). This was supported with lighter females (with less frontal surface area) in the low-severity group being faster (r = .94, ±0.24). In a gender contrast, low-severity males with less muscle mass (r = -.64, ±0.56), high skinfolds (r = .78, ±0.43), a longer arm span (r = .58, ±0.60) or smaller frontal surface area (r = -.93, ±0.19) were detrimental to swimming-velocity production.Conclusion:Low-severity male and midseverity female Paralympic swimmers should be encouraged to develop muscle mass and upper-body power to enhance swimming performance. The generalized anthropometric measures appear to be a secondary consideration for coaches.

scholarly journals Front Crawl Is More Efficient and Has Smaller Active Drag Than Backstroke Swimming: Kinematic and Kinetic Comparison Between the Two Techniques at the Same Swimming Speeds

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomohiro Gonjo ◽  
Kenzo Narita ◽  
Carla McCabe ◽  
Ricardo J. Fernandes ◽  
João Paulo Vilas-Boas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Front Crawl ◽  
Active Drag

Front Crawl Intracyclic Velocity Variation Of The Hip In Swimmers With Down Syndrome

2009 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 387
Author(s):  
Pedro Figueiredo ◽  
Inês Aleixo ◽  
António Castro ◽  
João Brito ◽  
Rui Corredeira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Down Syndrome ◽  
Velocity Variation ◽  
Front Crawl

Frontal Surface Area Versus Drag Area in Predicting Level Cycling Time Trial Performance

2005 ◽  
Vol 37 (Supplement) ◽  
pp. S86
Author(s):  
Ryan N. Ignatz ◽  
Allen C. Lim ◽  
Andy G. Edwards ◽  
Ben E. Birken ◽  
Ali Samek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Time Trial ◽  
Frontal Surface ◽  
Time Trial Performance ◽  
Cycling Time Trial ◽  
Drag Area ◽  
Cycling Time ◽  
Trial Performance

FRONTAL SURFACE AREA MEASUREMENTS IN NATIONAL CALIBER SWIMMERS 712

1997 ◽  
Vol 29 (Supplement) ◽  
pp. 124 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Cappaert ◽  
B. J. Gordon ◽  
K. Frisbie
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Frontal Surface

scholarly journals The 400-m Front Crawl Test: Energetic and 3D Kinematical Analyses

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 (01) ◽  
pp. 21-26
Author(s):  
Ricardo de Assis Correia ◽  
Wellington Gomes Feitosa ◽  
Pedro Figueiredo ◽  
Marcelo Papoti ◽  
Flávio Antonio de Souza Castro
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Test Performance ◽  
Lactate Concentration ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Velocity Variation ◽  
Centre Of Mass ◽  
Front Crawl ◽  
Competition Level ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Linear Regressions

AbstractThe aim of the study was to verify the relative contributions of energetic and kinematic parameters to the performance in 400-m front crawl test. Fourteen middle-distance swimmers participated in the study. Oxygen consumption was measured directly and blood samples were collected to assay lactate concentration. Both oxygen consumption and lactate concentration were used to calculate the: (i) overall energy expenditure, (ii) anaerobic (alactic and lactic) and (iii) aerobic contributions. The mean centre of mass speed and intracycle velocity variation were determined through three-dimensional kinematic analysis. Mean completion time was 315.64±26.91s. Energetic contributions were as follows: 6.1±0.28% from alactic anaerobic metabolism, 5.9±0.63% from anaerobic lactic and 87.8±0.88% from aerobic. Mean intracycle velocity variation was 0.14±0.03. The results indicated that performance of 400-m test relies predominantly on aerobic power. Parameters such as lactate, mean speed, anaerobic lactic and alactic (kW) correlated with performance of 400-m test (p <0.05). Multiple linear regressions indicated that mean centre of mass speed and anaerobic alactic (kW) determined the 400-m test performance (R2=0.92). Even though the T400 is characterized by aerobic metabolism, the anaerobic alactic component cannot be negligible at this competition level.

Intracyclic Variation of Force and Swimming Performance

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 897-902 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pedro G. Morouço ◽  
Tiago M. Barbosa ◽  
Raul Arellano ◽  
João P. Vilas-Boas
Keyword(s):  
Swimming Performance ◽  
Time Trial ◽  
Velocity Variation ◽  
Swimming Velocity ◽  
Stroke Rate ◽  
Free Swimming ◽  
Front Crawl ◽  
Continuous Application ◽  
High Level ◽  
Maximal Effort

Context: In front-crawl swimming, the upper limbs perform alternating movements with the aim of achieving a continuous application of force in the water, leading to lower intracyclic velocity variation (dv). This parameter has been identified as a crucial criterion for swimmers’ evaluation. Purpose: To examine the assessment of intracyclic force variation (dF) and to analyze its relationship with dv and swimming performance. Methods: A total of 22 high-level male swimmers performed a maximal-effort 50-m front-crawl time trial and a 30-s maximal-effort fully tethered swimming test, which were randomly assigned. Instantaneous velocity was obtained by a speedometer and force by a strain-gauge system. Results: Similarity was observed between the tests, with dF attaining much higher magnitudes than dv (P < .001; d = 8.89). There were no differences in stroke rate or in physiological responses between tethered and free swimming, with a high level of agreement for the stroke rate and blood lactate increase. Swimming velocity presented a strong negative linear relationship with dF (r = −.826, P < .001) and a moderate negative nonlinear relationship with dv (r = .734, P < .01). With the addition of the maximum impulse to dF, multiple-regression analysis explained 83% of the free-swimming performance. Conclusions: Assessing dF is a promising approach for evaluating a swimmer’s performance. From the experiments, this new parameter showed that swimmers with higher dF also present higher dv, leading to a decrease in performance.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document