scholarly journals An Interim Evaluation of Sulfur Dioxide Emissions Trading

1998 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 53-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Schmalensee ◽  
Paul L Joskow ◽  
A. Denny Ellerman ◽  
Juan Pablo Montero ◽  
Elizabeth M Bailey
Keyword(s):  
Sulfur Dioxide ◽  
Acid Rain ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Emissions Trading ◽  
Tradeable Permits ◽  
Abatement Costs ◽  
Sulfur Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Acid Rain Program ◽  
The U.S

This paper summarizes recent empirical research on compliance costs and strategies and on permit market performance under the U.S. acid rain program, the first large-scale, long-term program to use tradeable emissions permits to control pollution. An efficient market for emissions permits developed in a few years, and this program more than achieved its early goals on time, and it cost less than had been projected. Because of expectation errors, however, investment was excessive, and permit prices substantially understate abatement costs. The tradeable permits approach has worked well, but it is not a miracle cure for environmental problems. Coauthors are Paul L. Joskow, A. Denny Ellerman, Juan Pablo Montero, and Elizabeth M. Bailey.

The Design and Implementation of Greenhouse Gas Emissions Trading

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harro van Asselt
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Sulfur Dioxide ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Emissions Trading ◽  
The United States ◽  
Trading Systems ◽  
Sulfur Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Design And Implementation ◽  
Clean Air ◽  
Trading Scheme

This chapter offers a cross-jurisdictional analysis of the design and implementation of mandatory emissions trading schemes. It traces the beginning of emissions trading schemes from the sulfur dioxide emissions trading scheme in the United States, which was implemented through the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990. After initial experiments at a local and regional level, the United States launched the first large-scale, countrywide trading system. This program sought to address the acid rain problem by creating a trading regime for sulfur dioxide emissions. This was the birthplace of large-scale emissions trading systems and from this point onwards, emissions trading schemes began to spread across jurisdictions. The chapter describes how the EU’s speedy adoption of an emissions trading directive in 2003 could be seen as an instance of horizontal borrowing from the United States, spurred by the simple need to keep the costs of reducing emissions down.

A Review of Markets for Clean Air: The U.S. Acid Rain Program by A. Denny Ellerman, Paul L. Joskow, Richard Schmalensee, Juan-Pablo Montero, and Elizabeth M. Bailey

2000 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 627-633 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Cramton
Keyword(s):  
Acid Rain ◽  
So2 Emission ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Control Approach ◽  
Sulfur Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Acid Rain Program ◽  
Innovative Program ◽  
Clean Air ◽  
And Control ◽  
The U.S

Markets for Clean Air is the definitive text on the U.S. acid rain program. This innovative program uses a cap-and-trade approach, rather than the traditional command-and-control approach, to reduce sulfur dioxide emissions. The authors conclude that the program was successful in cutting the costs of SO2 emission reductions by about half, saving tens of billions of dollars. Both scholars and policy makers will have a better sense of the virtues and pitfalls of market-based regulation after reading this.

Emission Trading in Theory and Practice: An Analysis of RECLAIM in Southern California

1996 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 367-384 ◽  
Author(s):  
O Fromm ◽  
B Hansjürgens
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Policy ◽  
Acid Rain ◽  
Southern California ◽  
Emission Trading ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Tradeable Permits ◽  
Acid Rain Program ◽  
Economic Background ◽  
First Results ◽  
Permit System

After the national Acid Rain Program, Southern California's tradeable permit system RECLAIM is the second comprehensive attempt in US environmental policy to create a workable system of tradeable permits. In this paper analyses of the most important regulations, of the environmental, legal, and economic background, and of the first results of this program are provided. The focus is on the conditions under which this instrument of environmental policy can be effective in practice.

scholarly journals The role of forests in regulating water: The Turkey Lakes Watershed case study

2005 ◽  
Vol 81 (1) ◽  
pp. 142-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
N W Foster ◽  
F D Beall ◽  
D P Kreutzweiser
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Acid Rain ◽  
Surface Waters ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Water Yield ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Management Decisions ◽  
Turkey Lakes Watershed

Long-term experimental catchment studies, applied to relatively undisturbed ecosystems, provide reliable hydrologic data that are highly relevant to forest management decisions on water supply and quality. A number of large-scale, long term catchment studies have been conducted in North America to examine these linkages and processes in support of watershed management decisions. Among these the Turkey Lakes Watershed (TLW), a rare example of a long-term fully integrated examination of the biology and chemistry of the atmosphere, forests, soils, streams, and lakes, is presented as a case study. Multi-agency, interdisciplinary research at the TLW, which has strong links nationally and internationally, has included hydrological studies, examination of landscape influences on nutrient export to surface waters, and impacts of catchment disturbance on water yield, nutrient flux, carbon cycling, and sedimentation in streams. Application of partial cut harvest systems in the TLW tolerant hardwood forest resulted in reduced runoff and improved water quality (sediment, nitrate and calcium concentrations) relative to clearcut harvest. Twenty years after the initiation of reductions in atmospheric S emissions losses of SO42- from some headwater basins remain high and there is little evidence of acidification recovery in TLW surface waters. The TLW research approach can be used globally to scientifically assess how natural and human actions affect the important services provided by forested watersheds. For example, TLW results have contributed to international policy on acid rain reductions and air quality agreements. Key words: forest hydrology, water quality, hydrochemistry, forest disturbance, forest harvest, acid rain

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