Nudging organizations: evidence from three large-scale field experiments

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Ferraro ◽  
James Fan ◽  
Kent Messer ◽  
Collin Weigel
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Scale Field ◽  
Large Scale Field

Nudging organizations: evidence from three large-scale field experiments

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Ferraro ◽  
James Fan ◽  
Kent Messer ◽  
Collin Weigel
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Scale Field ◽  
Large Scale Field

Leaf Analysis as a Means of Diagnosing Nutrient Requirements of Tropical Orchard Crops

1935 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 610-627 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Hardy ◽  
J. A. McDonald ◽  
G. Rodriguez
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Analysis ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Physical Characteristics ◽  
Nutrient Requirements ◽  
Leaf Material ◽  
Leaf Analysis ◽  
Scale Field ◽  
Large Scale Field

1. Attention is drawn to the remarkable dissimilarity between the cacao and the grapefruit tree in their nutrient requirements, indicating that grapefruit is calcicolous in physiological habit. This conclusion is mainly based on a consideration of the results of chemical analysis of representative leaf material produced by trees grown on soil of known chemical and physical characteristics, under the same climatic conditions in Trinidad.2. The nutrient relationships that obtain between the cacao and the grapefruit tree respectively and the soil in which they are growing have been gauged by means of chemical analysis of representative leaf material.3. For this purpose, leaf material was obtained from trees growing on the differently manured plots of two large-scale field experiments in Trinidad.

INCREASE OF INFORMATION CONTENT WHEN TESTING THE METHOD OF RING LOADING

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 26-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. L. KUBETSKII ◽  
M. V. KOROLEV
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Fractured Rock ◽  
Field Testing ◽  
Laboratory Equipment ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Scale Field ◽  
Large Scale Field ◽  
Torque Load ◽  
Rock Pillars

In the construction of essential structures for the determination of the mechanical properties of large-scale heterogeneous fractured rock soils, people usually rely on the results of more representative large-scale field testing when assigning expected performances. Such large-scale field testing is conducted with the help of concrete stamps or rock pillars, usually with a square in plan outsole, for compression and flat shear, in galleries or in open sites. However, there are drawbacks: the complexity in the implementation and interpretation of the testing data, low informativeness, etc. Due to the rectangular shape of the stamp, a very uneven stress state is implemented at its base during shear. In order to eliminate these drawbacks in 1979 V.L. Kubetskiy offered the method of the ring loading, in which the square base of a stamp (a pillar) was replaced by a ringone, and the shift was carried out by applying a torque load to the stamp. This gives the possibility to realize various stress-strain state in the soil massif, to provide a more uniform contact stress diagram at its base, to obtain technological advantages and additional information during the experiment and to interpret the experimental data more reasonably and reliably using more modern models. Adescription of the method, loading schemes, developed field and laboratory equipment, results and interpretation of field experiments using isotropic and transversally isotropic soil models is given. The ways of method modernization using inventory installations are described. Taking into consideration that the common trend of improving the methods of geomechanical testings is aimed to increase the accuracy and informativity and at the same time to decrease the labor intensity, the method of ring loading which is being improving nowadays is still competitive.

Response to host density by the parasitoid Dolichogenidea tasmanica (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) and the influence of grapevine variety

2013 ◽  
Vol 104 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.A. Paull ◽  
N.A. Schellhorn ◽  
A.D. Austin
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Host Density ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Grape Variety ◽  
Density Dependent ◽  
Grapevine Variety ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Scale Field ◽  
Large Scale Field

AbstractNatural enemies that respond to prey in a density-dependent manner may be able to quickly suppress pest populations before they reach economically damaging levels. Although it is primarily the combination of a natural enemy's functional response and a population numerical response that will influence the maximum number of pests attacked, other factors may influence a density-dependent response. We conducted large-scale field experiments, both artificially inoculating grapevines with larvae and using naturally occurring populations, to quantify and characterize the response of a parasitoid, Dolichogenidea tasmanica (Cameron) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) to different densities of its host, the pest of grapevines, Epiphyas postvittana (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). We showed that the response of D. tasmanica to the density of E. postvittana was inversely density-dependent, and that the degree of parasitism was consistently and significantly higher in the grape variety Cabernet Sauvignon compared with Chardonnay. While the significant effect of variety on the degree of parasitism may provide an option for increasing the parasitism of E. postvittana by D. tasmanica, it also highlights how differences in host plant can influence trophic interactions.

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